Microbiome of Soils and Supraglacial Objects in Background and Oil-Polluted Ecosystems of Hayes Island, Franz Josef Land

IF 1.4 4区农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE

Eurasian Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI:10.1134/s1064229323602767

D. A. Nikitin, N. A. Manucharova, A. S. Dobryansky

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Abstract

The microbiome of soils and supraglacial formations in background and oil-polluted ecosystems of Hayes Island (Franz Josef Land) was studied using the methods of luminescent microscopyreal-time and polymerase chain reaction. The biomass of microorganisms ranged from 81 to 666 μg C/g substrate; its larger part (up to 88%) was represented by fungi. The length of the fungal mycelium reached more than 360 m/g substrate. The number of prokaryotes varied from 4.0 × 10⁷ to 3.75 × 10⁹ cells/g substrate; the length of actinomycete hyphae reached 40 m/g substrate. Up to 78% of detected prokaryotic cells were represented by small nanoforms, which is typical for extreme ecosystems. The proportion of viable microbial cells gained maximum (74–86%) in surface organic horizons and minimum (29–54%) in mineral supra-permafrost layers. Bacteria dominated in the prokaryotic complex (from 5.14 × 10⁵ to 5.05 × 10¹⁰ 16S rRNA copies/g soil); the content of archaea was lower: from 8.46 × 10⁵ to 2.28 × 10⁹ 16S rRNA copies/g substrate. The amount of fungal ITS rRNA in the soil samples ranged from 6.47 × 10⁴ to 8.67 × 10¹⁰ copies. The number of copies of the alkB gene (synthesis of alkane monooxygenase for the destruction of n-alkanes of hydrocarbons) varied from 1.2 × 10¹ to 1.8 × 10⁵ copies/g substrate and sharply decreased from surface to deep horizons. Oil-contaminated soils and supraglacial objects contained a smaller biomass, but a larger number of ribosomal genes of microorganisms as compared with background ecosystems. An exponential decrease in the analyzed quantitative parameters of microorganisms from surface to deep soil horizons was observed.

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弗朗兹约瑟夫陆地海斯岛背景生态系统和石油污染生态系统中土壤和超冰川物体的微生物组群

摘要使用实时发光显微镜和聚合酶链反应方法研究了海斯岛（弗朗茨约瑟夫地）本底生态系统和石油污染生态系统中土壤和超冰川地层的微生物群。微生物的生物量从 81 到 666 μg C/g 基质不等；其中大部分（高达 88%）为真菌。真菌菌丝长度超过 360 米/克基质。原核生物的数量从 4.0 × 107 到 3.75 × 109 个细胞/克基质不等；放线菌菌丝长度达到 40 米/克基质。在检测到的原核细胞中，高达 78% 的细胞为小型纳米形态，这是极端生态系统的典型特征。有活力的微生物细胞比例在表层有机地层中最高（74-86%），在上冻土矿层中最低（29-54%）。细菌在原核复合体中占主导地位（从 5.14 × 105 到 5.05 × 1010 16S rRNA拷贝/克土壤）；古菌的含量较低：从 8.46 × 105 到 2.28 × 109 16S rRNA拷贝/克基质。土壤样本中真菌 ITS rRNA 的含量从 6.47 × 104 到 8.67 × 1010 个拷贝不等。alkB 基因（合成烷烃单氧酶，用于破坏碳氢化合物中的正烷烃）的拷贝数从 1.2 × 101 到 1.8 × 105 个拷贝/克基质不等，并且从表层到深层急剧减少。与本底生态系统相比，受石油污染的土壤和超冰川物体中微生物的生物量较小，但核糖体基因的数量较大。从表层到深层土壤层，所分析的微生物数量参数呈指数下降。

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来源期刊

Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

35.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.