Journal of Medieval Worlds最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: The New World History: A Field Guide for Teachers and Researchers edited by Ross E. Dunn, Laura J. Mitchell, and Kerry Ward","authors":"M. North","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120007","url":null,"abstract":"Ross E. Dunn, Laura J. Mitchell, and Kerry Ward, eds. The New World History: A Field Guide for Teachers and Researchers . Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2016. ISBN 9780520289895. Paperback. 640 pages. $44.95\u0000\u0000This reader provides an excellent overview of research in World History, a field that has expanded greatly in the last two decades. The 44 articles collected here reflect both the historiography of World History and contemporary trajectories of research in World History. They are addressed to educators at the university, college, and K-12 school level, and their students and the volume thus constitutes a valid teaching resource for a wide audience.\u0000\u0000This volume is organized in 12 chapters, and each includes an introduction, a sample of articles or essays, and suggestions for further reading. Chapter 1, entitled “World History over Time: The Evolution of an Intellectual and Pedagogical Movement” [p. 17-90], describes the evolution of the discipline of World History and its protagonists. The triggers for …","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval Literature in Comparative Perspective","authors":"A. Petrocchi","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a textual comparison of selected primary sources on medieval mathematics written in Sanskrit and medieval Latin for the first time. By emphasising literary features instead of purely mathematical ones, it attempts to shed light on a neglected area in the study of scientific treatises which concerns lexicon and argument strategies. The methodological perspective takes into account the intellectual context of knowledge production of the sources presented; the medieval Indian and Latin traditions are historically connected, in fact, by one of the most fascinating episodes in the history of knowledge transfer across cultures: the transmission of the decimal place value system. This cross-linguistic analysis compares and contrasts the versatile textuality and richness of forms defining the interplay between language and number in medieval Sanskrit and Latin works; it employs interdisciplinary methods (Philology, History of Science, and Literary Studies) and challenges disciplinary boundaries by putting side by side languages and textual cultures which are commonly treated separately. The purpose in writing this research is to expand upon recent scholarship on the Global Middle Ages by embracing an Eastern literary culture and, in doing so, to promote comparative studies which include non-European traditions. This research is intended as a further contribution to the field of Comparative Medieval Literature and Culture; it also aims to stimulate discussion on cross-linguistic and cross-cultural projects in Medieval Studies.","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124092428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, The Life of Mexico City by Barbara E. Mundy","authors":"S. Rohner","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120008","url":null,"abstract":"Barbara E. Mundy. The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, The Life of Mexico City . Austin: University of Texas, 2015 [First paperback edition, 2018]. ISBN 9781477317136. 256 pages, 5 black and white illustrations, 22 maps, 72 color illustrations, 62 color photos, 1 black and white photo. $45.00\u0000\u0000Barbara E. Mundy’s multiple award-winning book is a landmark contribution to the understanding of the history of Mexico City. Challenging the extended idea that the physical destruction of Tenochtitlan and the overthrow of its leaders in 1521 constituted the “death” of the Aztec capital, Mundy offers an insightful and enthralling story about the endurance of native Tenochtitlan in the post-conquest period.\u0000\u0000With a population of nearly 150,000, Tenochtitlan was one of the largest cities in the world at the beginning of the 16th century. It was located on an island in the middle of lake Tetzcoco in the Central Valley of Mexico and was the center of a vast empire formed by a network of tributary states subdued during the military campaigns of the Triple Alliance, a political coalition established by the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, the Acolhua of Tetzcoco, and the Tepanec of Tlacopan in 1428. Multiple accounts, like Hernan Cortes’ Third Letter to the Emperor Charles V, claimed that this magnificent metropolis died after the wars of conquest and that, with the construction of buildings that represented the power of the Crown and the Church, …","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129019262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gibeonite Gambit","authors":"Fred Astren","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120002","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded in the literature of Muslims, Christians, and Jews are historicized narratives that purport to rationalize and contextualize the place of minority and sectarian groups in medieval Islamic society. Among these are those that, at first reading, tell the story of an intentional fictionalizing of history on the part of a minority group with the intent to deceive Muslim authorities and thereby gain advantage. A prototype for this narrative strategy is observed in the Book of Joshua, wherein the “pagan” Gibeonites employ a ruse to secure recognition and protection from the conquering monotheistic Israelites, who had been commanded by God to exterminate pagans. Three case studies (on the Sabians of Ḥarrān, Karaite Jews, and Khaybarī Jews) reveal that similar stories in medieval Islam are often the result of co-production, a phenomenon which constitutes a kind of cultural negotiation between the dominant culture and a sub-culture; between rulers and subject peoples, between Muslims and non-Muslims, and even between competing subaltern groups. Reshaped narratives about the caliph al-Ma‘mūn, the Prophet Muḥammad, or other key figures offered narrativized permission for the dominant Muslim religion and culture to tolerate the existence of groups whose theologies or practices challenged Muslim assumptions of collectivity, and correspondingly, might or might not be otherwise deemed unacceptable. These narratives also provided subalterns a kind of myth of origin for their place in Islamic society. What is at stake in these complex interweavings of memory, history, and literary construction are the rights and duties of the subordinate groups.","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locating Medieval Armenia at the Metropolitan Museum of Art","authors":"Heather A. Badamo","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120005","url":null,"abstract":"Spanning 13 centuries, the exhibition “Armenia!” brings together some 140 objects to present the medieval art and culture of the Armenian peoples in a global context. Armenia has often existed at the borders of medieval art in contemporary scholarship, due to its complex history and continuously shifting borders, which undermine basic understandings of empires and polities. This exhibition seeks to “locate” Armenia through the twin themes of religion and trade, documenting the myriad ways in which Armenians employed visual culture to construct images of the self and community. The works on display demonstrate the distinctive qualities of the Armenian artistic and religious culture, while also documenting contact with an ever-shifting and expanding group of neighbors and trading partners. At once complimenting and extending the reach of the exhibition, the catalog provides scholars with a trove of insightful essays and catalog entries that are, characteristically, deeply researched and will serve as a touchstone in the field for decades to come. Together, this exhibition and catalog calls on medievalists to rethink the way we study and teach medieval art, recognizing the inner diversities, interlocking histories, and extraordinary artistic achievements of Christian communities in the east.","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125167642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Subcontinent in Enduring Ties with an Enclosed Ocean (c. 1000–1500 C.E.)","authors":"R. Chakravarti","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120003","url":null,"abstract":"The waning influence of a Eurocentric paradigm paves the way for a close look at the maritime situation of the Indian subcontinent in the Indian Ocean during the first half of the second millennium C.E. Situated at the centre of the Indian Ocean, the two sea-boards of the subcontinent, along with Sri Lanka, appear in a wide variety of sources—literary (including letters of Jewish merchants), epigraphic, archaeological (including shipwreck archaeology)—as sites of vibrant commerce and cultural transactions across the sea. Nomenclatures and the historical geography of the Indian Ocean also form parts of the discussion. This essay pays particular attention to the exchange in daily necessity commodities, including plant products. A survey of ports dotting both the coasts of the subcontinent suggests the dynamic character of premier ports, shaped by their relation with subsidiary ports and their respective hinterlands and forelands. The paper highlights the role of seafaring groups, especially the ship-owners, active in and beyond South Asia. The available evidence irrefutably demonstrates that Indic people did take to sea during pre-modern times, thereby driving home the inefficacy of the taboos on seafaring in Sanskrit normative texts. To what extent the Indian Ocean experienced political contestations has been discussed in the light of a 14th century Latin Crusade tract. The advent of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean in 1498 did not signal the Age of Discoveries in the Indian Ocean in the light of seafaring in this maritime zone during 1000–1500 CE phase.","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115246926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean by Joshua M. White","authors":"Claire Norton","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120010","url":null,"abstract":"Joshua M. White. Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018. ISBN 9781503602526. 376 pages. $65.00 This new study of maritime violence in the early modern Mediterranean provides a timely consideration of the personal, legal, and diplomatic repercussions of piracy from an Ottoman perspective. White’s innovative contribution to the scholarly literature on corsairing and piracy develops from his extensive use of Ottoman sources (court documentation, petitions, letters, reports, decrees, captivity narratives, travel accounts, etc.). His focus, not on the actions of the pirates themselves, but on the Ottoman judicial and administrative response to piracy, creates a narrative that is more nuanced than some earlier studies, which have tended to consider events refracted through an interpretative lens that emphasises a purported clash of civilisations meta-narrative and which sees the motivation of such violence located in holy warfare.1 Instead, White considers the Ottomans as much victims of this naval violence as other Mediterranean communities and peoples. However, he does not narrate the Ottomans as passive, impotent victims of circumstance. Through a study of the juridical ramifications of piracy, he provides a focus on the construction of the eastern Mediterranean as a unified Ottoman …","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southeast Asia-China Economic Interactions in the Late First to Mid-Second Millennium C.E.","authors":"Derek Heng","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120006","url":null,"abstract":"This essay provides an overview of the economic interactions between China and Southeast Asia during the late first and early second millennia C.E.. It positions the development of this relationship within the context of the Old World, and looks at how the interactions manifested in the ports that grew as a result of the economic exchanges that took place, the transportation networks that were developed to facilitate the exchanges, the growth in the demand and production of products from both regions, the migration of traders, and the development of economic codependency between both economies. The essay also provided sub-topics and online sources with which this topic could be approached in a classroom, including art materials, archaeological information, and textual documentation.","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Interconnection and Comparisons","authors":"Juan Cobo-Betancourt","doi":"10.1525/jmw.2019.120001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.120001","url":null,"abstract":"It is this journal’s ambition to foster multidisciplinary scholarship on the world in the period 750-1600, to showcase innovative research and approaches to pedagogy beyond medieval and Renaissance Studies’ traditional areas of focus, and to provide a forum for the fruitful discussion of the interconnection of broad regions and of meaningful comparison across diverse sites and contexts. We are proud to present in this second issue a selection of articles, essays, and reviews that do this and more.\u0000\u0000The issue opens with Fred Astren’s “The Gibeonite Gambit: Ḥarrānians, Karaites, and Khaybarī Jews on the Margins of Medieval Islamic Society,” which invites us to reflect on the uses of the past in the creation and development of group identities and on the power of established narratives. It examines how three non-Muslim minority groups, the Sabians (or “pagans” of Ḥarrān), the Karaite Jews, and the Khaybarī Jews made use of stories of their pasts before Muslim authorities in order to pursue their interests. Despite being separated by time and geography, the three cases relied on what Astren identifies as a “Gibeonite Gambit”: the attempt by each group …","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123457116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Archaeology of Mural Painting at Pañamarca, Peru by Lisa Trever","authors":"A. Boswell","doi":"10.1525/JMW.2019.120009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/JMW.2019.120009","url":null,"abstract":"Lisa Trever. The Archaeology of Mural Painting at Panamarca, Peru . Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2017. ISBN 9780884024248. xvi + 350 pages, 14 color illustrations, 255 halftones, 67 line illustrations, 1 map. $69.95 (paperback).\u0000\u0000The north coast of Peru, with a tradition of constructing earthen buildings, was a hub of mural painting. Murals decorated pre-Columbian adobe architecture, including the interior and exterior of monumental architecture, religious centers, plazas, and tombs. Mural painting in the ancient Americas is a practice that extends back thousands of years and, in the absence of a textual record in the pre-Columbian Andes, offers insight to understanding indigenous cosmology and practices. These murals and buildings are rarely encountered intact today, as natural and human forces such as rain, wind, and looting have been detrimental to their preservation.\u0000\u0000Panamarca, located in the Nepena Valley on the north coast of Peru, is not likely to be a familiar archaeological site to scholars outside of pre-Columbian studies. Vivid, brightly colored murals from the Moche culture, which flourished on the north coast of Peru between 200 and 800 C.E., were discovered and published in the 1950s, bringing the site prominent national and international attention.1 These murals depicted figural imagery of processing priests and warriors, ceremonies, and supernatural beings engaged in battle. At the time, murals such as these were unknown elsewhere. Their figural representations of mythology and ritual have shaped the scholarship of the Moche world and iconography. Mural E, the most well-known of Panamarca’s wall paintings, has been used as an important example of a narrative of human sacrifice and ritual toasting. It features a priestess offering a sacrificial goblet flanked by priests, captured warriors, and human sacrifice. This scene, dubbed the “Presentation Theme” and later “Sacrifice Ceremony,” is believed to be a principal component of Moche religious and political ideology.2\u0000\u0000Numerous projects throughout the 20th century …","PeriodicalId":118510,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Worlds","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129373122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}