Essays in biochemistry最新文献_第2页

Pathogenic roles of immunoproteasomes in fibrosis. 免疫蛋白酶体在纤维化中的致病作用。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253027

Sumin Kim, Seh Hoon Park, Min Jae Lee

{"title":"Pathogenic roles of immunoproteasomes in fibrosis.","authors":"Sumin Kim, Seh Hoon Park, Min Jae Lee","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253027","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253027","url":null,"abstract":"The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protease complex that degrades most eukaryotic cellular proteins. It not only regulates individual protein's half-lives but also maintains proteome homeostasis and modulates immunological responses. During conditions involving large-scale proteome remodeling, such as fibrosis and cellular differentiation, the 26S proteasome plays a central role in the rapid removal of excess cytosolic proteins. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In this review, we highlight the significance of the immunoproteasome, a specialized variant of the proteasome composed of alternative catalytic subunits, in fibrosis of the kidney, lung, heart, and liver. Immunoproteasomes broaden the antigen repertoire by producing distinct peptide fragments that are preferentially presented to specific immune cell populations. They can also proteolyze substrates with certain ubiquitin (Ub) chain linkages or even those lacking Ub tags. We propose that the immunoproteasome functions as a highly specialized protease in fibrotic tissues, contributing to the transition from a complex but homeostatic proteome to a simple fibrotic proteome.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on atherosclerosis. 内分泌干扰物对动脉粥样硬化的表观遗传影响。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253022

Ting-An Lin, Changcheng Zhou

{"title":"Epigenetic impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on atherosclerosis.","authors":"Ting-An Lin, Changcheng Zhou","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253022","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253022","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent studies have implicated a novel link between exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and CVD. EDCs are a group of persistent compounds that can interfere with the body's natural hormonal processes, posing significant risks to both environment and human health. However, the impact and underlying mechanisms of EDC exposures on atherosclerosis are poorly understood, making it difficult to conduct rational exposure assessments. EDCs can affect CVD risk through multiple mechanisms, and epigenetic mechanisms are key mechanisms for environmental factor-elicited chronic diseases. Further, EDC-elicited epigenetic alterations may not only affect atherosclerosis development in exposed individuals but also lead to increased CVD risk in their descendants. In this review, we mainly focus on the current understanding of EDC-mediated epigenetic regulation and epigenetic inheritance of CVD. In addition, EDC-carrying microplastics and nanoplastics have emerged as significant environmental pollutants, and humans are ubiquitously exposed to these particles. We also discuss the potential impact of co-exposures of EDCs and small plastic particles on atherosclerosis and CVD.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using epigenetic clocks in environmental epigenetics: recommendations for estimating biological aging in perinatal and pediatric samples. 在环境表观遗传学中使用表观遗传时钟：估计围产期和儿科样本生物老化的建议。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253013

Gillian England-Mason

{"title":"Using epigenetic clocks in environmental epigenetics: recommendations for estimating biological aging in perinatal and pediatric samples.","authors":"Gillian England-Mason","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253013","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253013","url":null,"abstract":"Following a variety of early environmental experiences and exposures, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation are proposed as candidate mechanisms that contribute to health and disease across the lifespan. Epigenetic clocks are a type of aging biomarker that can offer insight into age-related changes associated with early environmental exposures. This review provides a brief overview of epigenetic clocks that are readily available for use with perinatal and/or pediatric samples, as well as highlights some recent research that has studied the associations between early environmental chemical exposures and epigenetic aging rates. Broadly, the easily accessible epigenetic clocks can be categorized as chronological age estimators and gestational age estimators, but some clocks were developed for use with specific tissues and/or age groups. Previous environmental epidemiology studies have shown that early environmental exposures such as air pollutants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are associated with altered epigenetic aging rates in perinatal and pediatric populations. However, more research is needed that examines how factors such as exposure level, timing of exposure, and sex may affect the direction and magnitude of associations. This review concludes with some recommendations and future directions for the use of epigenetic clocks in environmental epigenetics. Overall, epigenetic clocks are promising, non-causal biomarkers of early exposures that can be examined in relation to environmental chemicals, health and disease outcomes, and as biological mediators. Future research could help determine whether these clocks hold promise as informative biomarkers that reflect developmental epigenotoxicity following early exposure to environmental chemicals.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetics, human imprintome, and chronic diseases. 表观遗传学、人类印记组和慢性疾病。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253015

Randy L Jirtle

{"title":"Epigenetics, human imprintome, and chronic diseases.","authors":"Randy L Jirtle","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253015","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253015","url":null,"abstract":"Two epigenetically labile subsets of genes that link embryonic environmental exposures with adult disease susceptibility are those that are imprinted and those with metastable epialleles. The expression of genes with metastable epialleles, like the agouti gene in Agouti viable yellow (Avy) mice, is highly variable between individuals but uniform in tissues within an individual. We used the Avy mouse to demonstrate that exposure to nutritional supplements, chemical toxicants, and low-dose ionizing radiation during embryogenesis alters adult disease susceptibility by modifying the epigenome. Genomic imprinting is a unique species-dependent epigenetic form of gene regulation that evolved approximately 150 million years ago in a common ancestor to Therian mammals. It resulted in monoallelic parent-of-origin-dependent gene silencing. Thus, imprinted genes are functionally haploid disease susceptibility loci, since only a single genetic or epigenetic event is required to alter their function. Expression of imprinted genes in the human genome is regulated by hemi-methylated imprint control regions (ICRs) in the human imprintome. Furthermore, human imprintome ICRs associated with chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, and obesity) and behavioral disorders (e.g., autism, bipolar disorder, psychopathy, and schizophrenia) can now be identified with the use of cells from peripheral samples and the human imprintome array. The importance of metastable epialleles and imprinted genes in the etiology of environmentally induced human chronic diseases is discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxidative stress - Alzheimer's disease - DNA methylation: the role of arsenic. 氧化应激-阿尔茨海默病- DNA甲基化：砷的作用。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253019

Daniele Antinori, Marco Lucarelli, Andrea Fuso

{"title":"Oxidative stress - Alzheimer's disease - DNA methylation: the role of arsenic.","authors":"Daniele Antinori, Marco Lucarelli, Andrea Fuso","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253019","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253019","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, representing the seventh cause of death worldwide and the first cause of dementia. Several pathogenic mechanisms have been connected to this pathology, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cell death. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, suggesting that, in addition to a genetic component, the environment may strongly influence its onset and progression. Exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic (As), is known to be associated with AD, with As showing one of the strongest correlations, in relation to the epigenetic changes. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a very low limit for its concentration to 10 μg/l in drinking water. The possibility that As may induce epigenetic effects is a recent hypothesis. Evidence, so far, suggests that As may induce DNA hypomethylation in the brain, by mechanisms not yet completely disclosed. This minireview aims to provide evidence to support the role of As exposure in AD, maintaining a focus on oxidative stress and ferroptosis, with a perspective on DNA methylation.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: key components, innovations, and clinical progress. 推进传染病mRNA疫苗：关键成分、创新和临床进展。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253009

Sha Li, Lu Zheng, Jingyi Zhong, Xihui Gao

{"title":"Advancing mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: key components, innovations, and clinical progress.","authors":"Sha Li, Lu Zheng, Jingyi Zhong, Xihui Gao","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253009","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253009","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination remains a cornerstone in preventing infectious diseases and managing outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the revolutionary impact of mRNA vaccine technology, which utilizes pathogenderived genomic sequences to generate specific antigens. This process involves in vitro transcription of mRNA, encoding target antigens that are subsequently encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for efficient delivery into host cells. Once internalized, the mRNA enables antigen expression, triggering a robust immune response. This platform dramatically accelerates vaccine development timelines and offers unparalleled adaptability, making mRNA vaccines particularly advantageous in addressing emerging infectious diseases. The clinical success of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) has fueled broader applications, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Zika, and HIV. Notably, mRNA-1345 became the first FDA-approved RSV mRNA vaccine, while self-amplifying RNA and multivalent vaccines are advancing in trials. However, CureVac's CVnCoV failed due to lack of nucleoside modifications, and mRNA-1325 (Zika) showed poor immunogenicity. Additionally, mRNA-1365 (RSV) faced an FDA clinical hold due to safety concerns. These cases highlight the need for continued optimization in sequence design, delivery, and safety assessment. Despite advancements, a key hurdle persists, including mRNA instability, ultra-low storage requirements, and LNP liver accumulation. Innovations such as lyophilization and selective organ targeting technology are being explored to improve stability extrahepatic delivery. This review examines mRNA vaccine optimization strategies, clinical progress, and challenges, providing insights into future developments in this evolving field.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal coordination polymer nanoparticles for cancer therapy. 用于癌症治疗的金属配位聚合物纳米颗粒。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253012

Zhengzheng Zhang, Isra Rana, Jutaek Nam

{"title":"Metal coordination polymer nanoparticles for cancer therapy.","authors":"Zhengzheng Zhang, Isra Rana, Jutaek Nam","doi":"10.1042/EBC20253012","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20253012","url":null,"abstract":"Metal ions are essential elements in biological processes and immune homeostasis. They can regulate cancer cell death through multiple distinct molecular pathways and stimulate immune cells implicated in antitumor immune responses, suggesting opportunities to design novel metal ion-based cancer therapies. However, their small size and high charge density result in poor target cell uptake, uncontrolled biodistribution, and rapid clearance from the body, reducing therapeutic efficacy and increasing potential off-target toxicity. Metal coordination polymer nanoparticles (MCP NPs) are nanoscale polymer networks composed of metal ions and organic ligands linked via noncovalent coordination interactions. MCP NPs offer a promising nanoplatform for reshaping metal ions into more drug-like formulations, improving their in vivo pharmacological performance and therapeutic index for cancer therapy applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the inherent biological functions of metal ions in cancer therapy, showcasing examples of MCP NP systems designed for preclinical cancer therapy applications where drug delivery principles play a critical role in enhancing therapeutic outcomes. MCP NPs offer versatile metal ion engineering approaches using selected metal ions, various organic ligands, and functional payloads, enabling on-demand nano-drug designs that can significantly improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects for effective cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging strategies in lymph node-targeted nano-delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy. 肿瘤免疫治疗中淋巴结靶向纳米递送系统的新策略。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253008

Yaoli Zhao, Muzi Tian, Xin Tong, Xiangliang Yang, Lu Gan, Tuying Yong

引用次数: 0

Potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor vaccine: characteristics, advancements, and future directions. 细菌外膜囊泡在肿瘤疫苗中的潜力：特点、进展和未来方向。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20253004

Yizhe Yang, Yumin Wu

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapy for hypertensive end-organ damage: a new therapeutic strategy. 免疫疗法治疗高血压终末器官损伤：一种新的治疗策略。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20243000

Zhiyang Xu, Haisheng Yu, Rulin Zhuang, Qin Fan

{"title":"Immunotherapy for hypertensive end-organ damage: a new therapeutic strategy.","authors":"Zhiyang Xu, Haisheng Yu, Rulin Zhuang, Qin Fan","doi":"10.1042/EBC20243000","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20243000","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension represents a highly prevalent chronic condition and stands among the foremost contributors to premature mortality on a global scale. Its etiopathogenesis is intricate and multifaceted, being shaped by a diverse array of elements such as age, genetic predisposition, and activation of the neuroendocrine apparatus. Mounting evidence has shed light on the significant part that autoimmune responses play in hypertension and the ensuing damage to end organs. Virtually all varieties of immune cells, spanning both innate and adaptive immune compartments, exhibit a close correlation with the progression of hypertension. These immune cells infiltrate the kidney and vascular mesenchyme, subsequently discharging potent cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and metalloproteinases. This cascade of events can affect the functionality of local blood vessels and potentially precipitate adverse structural and functional alterations in crucial organs like the heart and kidney. In recent times, the management of end-organ damage in hypertension has emerged as a pivotal scientific focus. A multitude of researchers are actively engaged in probing efficacious intervention regimens, among which immunotherapy strategies hold considerable promise and anticipation as a prospective avenue.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":"0 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0