Energy Reports最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing grid stability and resilience through BESS optimal placement and sizing in VRES-dominated systems","authors":"Godfrey Macharia Njoka ,&nbsp;Lucas Mogaka ,&nbsp;Agnes Wangai","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid global shift toward renewable energy, propelled by international commitments such as those made at the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28), has underscored the critical need to address grid stability challenges posed by the widespread integration of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES). Reducing system inertia, characteristic of VRES-dominated grids poses significant risks to frequency stability. This research investigates the optimal placement and sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to mitigate these challenges using a methodology that combines active power frequency sensitivity analysis with reactive power (Q) limit evaluation. By identifying the optimal bus for BESS installation, the approach ensures a balance between maximizing frequency sensitivity and minimizing reactive power absorption, thereby maintaining voltage stability within prescribed grid code limits. Tested on the IEEE 14-bus system using PSS/E software, the methodology demonstrates substantial improvements in key frequency stability metrics, including enhancement in frequency nadir, a stable settling frequency, and a reduced Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF). Additionally, a reduced battery energy capacity underscores the method's cost efficiency. The study reveals that strategic deployment can significantly enhance grid resilience in VRES-dominated environments, providing a scalable and economically viable framework to support the global transition to renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1764-1779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing vibration attenuation in offshore wind turbine with multiphysics mechanical metamaterial","authors":"M.R. Machado ,&nbsp;M. Dutkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind energy harvesting is performed by wind turbines that convert wind into energy, contributing significantly to the increase in renewable energy globally. However, they encounter significant issues with structural vibrations caused by the operational environment, such as wind, wave, and seismic activities, which lead to malfunction, fatigue, and decreased efficiency. This paper proposes innovative metamaterial wind turbine designs that enhance vibration attenuation in offshore wind turbines by incorporating tuned liquid and multiphysics resonators. The locally resonant control mechanism improves the damping in the system by reducing displacement amplitude. These control strategies are tested under hazards, including wind, wave, and blade rotation, and evaluate various liquid configurations to determine optimal performance. The findings show a substantial reduction in overall vibration amplitude, achieving up to 60% of vibration amplitude attenuation, compared to 7.8% with traditional tuned mass dampers. Aside from outstanding performance in vibration control, these metamaterial turbines incorporate compacted dynamic resonators in their configuration compared to traditional passive controllers. Hence, the proposed design associates small controllers and brings together the concept of multiphysics metamaterials. The paper elaborates on the design and modelling of the turbine metamaterial and the resonators using the dynamic stiffness method. This research underscores the potential of metamaterials to advance wind turbine technology through enhanced vibration control, representing a significant advancement in the design and reliability of wind energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1780-1801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The difference between energy management systems and environmental management systems on the implementation of cross-sectional technologies in enterprises","authors":"Tobias Knayer,&nbsp;Natalia Kryvinska","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A successful energy transition depends on the implementation of energy-saving measures. In order to do this, businesses should increase their energy efficiency and save energy. Management systems help to achieve this goal. It is not yet clear to what extent an energy management system contributes to increasing efficiency in cross-sectional technologies compared to an environmental management system. A comparison of the potential of firms with an EnMS in accordance with ISO 50001 and firms with an EMS in accordance with ISO 14001 was carried out on the basis of 11 cross-sectional technologies. Statistical evaluation methods and hypothesis tests were used for eleven hypotheses and nine characteristics. It was shown that (1) both management systems have a positive influence on the implementation of efficiency measures, (2) an EnMS ensures a higher overall implementation in the selected cross-sectional technologies than an EMS, (3) however, the EMS has its advantages in long-term measures such as the building envelope and ventilation and air conditioning technology, (4) both management systems have contributed to a higher implementation of measures in lighting technology and energy monitoring compared to companies without a management system. Further studies should examine topics such as soft factors, awareness and the level of knowledge of employees in the companies in order to be able to make more precise statements about the need for action in the companies and the management system used. Other management systems such as QM or integrated management systems could also be critically examined in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1691-1704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-based energy management of thermal-water-electricity nexus hubs via downside risk constraint technique","authors":"Sayyad Nojavan,&nbsp;Hassan Khoudeh","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over-extraction of underground freshwater is a critical environmental challenge worldwide. This paper presents a model of three interconnected hub units designed to balance reducing freshwater extraction and minimizing the operational costs of hubs that supply electricity, heat, and water. The study employs the downside risk constraint technique to address financial risks arising from various uncertainties. The model incorporates stochastic optimization to capture the uncertainty in demand and market prices. The total obtained results, which comprise the extraction level of underground freshwater, operation cost, and risk level, are prioritized via the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The first and the last prioritized solutions are named the best and the worst cases and compared. According to the results, with a slight rise in the operation cost, the risk level and the extracted water from water wells can be reduced to near- zero, which is beneficial from an environmental perspective. The proposed Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model is implemented and solved using the DICOPT solver in GAMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1705-1727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust frequency control for power systems considering unknown delay and parameter uncertainties","authors":"Jinzhi Lin ,&nbsp;Dazeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delays in communication and variations in system parameters can have a significant effect on power system frequency. Thus, a delay-dependent robust PI frequency control scheme is proposed to address this issue. To begin with, a model that accounts for delays and parameter uncertainties is developed for the frequency control of a power system. Using Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality techniques, a new stability condition is derived, considering the effects of communication delays and uncertain parameters. This ensures that the control strategy remains efficient despite these challenges. The design of the PI-based frequency controller further incorporates an exponential decay rate to enhance robustness, with smaller exponential decay rate values selected for improved performance. The exponential decay rate is refined based on system performance under parameter uncertainties. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed frequency control method is highly resilient to both communication delays and parameter fluctuations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1728-1738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic hydroprocessing of mixed plastic waste using Ni-Ce/ZSM-5: Performance and emission analysis of diesel blends across blending ratios","authors":"Amel Gacem ,&nbsp;Padmanabhan Sambandam ,&nbsp;S. Santhosh ,&nbsp;T. Silambarasan ,&nbsp;P. Saravanan ,&nbsp;B. Bairavi ,&nbsp;P.V.L. Mangesh ,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid ,&nbsp;Haifa A. Alqhtani ,&nbsp;May Bin-Jumah ,&nbsp;A. Subramani ,&nbsp;C. Kavitha ,&nbsp;P. Tamizhdurai","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to address recycling and mitigating plastic pollution challenges by developing a sustainable fuel for transportation from post-consumer plastic waste. While the circular economy has provided solutions, the recycling process still faces unresolved challenges. This research identifies a gap in plastic combustion studies and proposes a solution by converting mixed plastic pyrolysis oil (MPO) into a diesel-like fuel that meets environmental standards. Previous research has demonstrated the potential of hydroprocessing synthetic polymers to convert plastic pyrolysis oil into transportation gasoline. However, this study focuses on the hydroprocessing of MPO using a Ni−Ce/ZSM-5 bimetal catalyst, assessing the fuel’s performance in terms of combustion and emissions in compression-ignition engines. High dispersion of metallic catalysts over ZSM-5 surface aided in efficient hdroprocessing. The study demonstrates the conversion of MPO into diesel-like fuel (HPO) under specific conditions of 70 bar H₂ and 300 °C. The resulting fuel closely resembles diesel, with n-alkanes, aromatics, and isoalkanes produced in proportions that mimic diesel composition. Blends of hydroprocessed plastic pyrolysis oil (HPO) with diesel at ratios of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, and 80 % were tested for combustion performance in a diesel engine. Analysis of the complete range of engine performance results for the blended fuel indicated a 90 % similarity to diesel in terms of combustion and performance, as well as a 80 % similarity in emissions. The physicochemical properties of the HPO matched the IS standard for diesel fuel. The combustion of HPO in diesel engines could offer a cleaner environmental option for the disposal of waste plastics. Energy derived from waste plastics could be a viable option if it complies with regulatory requirements. This study suggests that pursuing this approach is feasible, thereby reinforcing its potential as a sustainable fuel source from plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1590-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net zero energy buildings and climate resilience narratives – Navigating the interplay in the building asset maintenance and management","authors":"Bishal Baniya,&nbsp;Damien Giurco","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the critical role of existing built assets maintenance and on-site energy assets (e.g. solar PV and battery storage) across the asset hierarchy and typology to enable net zero energy building and climate-resilient building concepts in various climate scenarios. This study employs building energy simulation, optimisation models, and remote sensing as methodological tools for a building archetype in Penrith, Sydney, Australia. For the building archetype, the existing assets' maintenance-related models showed an energy intensity reduction potential of up to 7 % and a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning-related electricity intensity reduction of up to 12 %. These figures are significant considering the knock-on effect on the size optimisation of the new on-site energy assets that require asset investment planning. For every 1 % climate-related increase in electric load across climate scenarios, the solar PV size increases by about 2.5 % and the battery storage size by around 0.2 % in kW and around 0.7 % in kWh. This indicates that the built asset maintenance, management, and investment planning strategies cannot be done in isolation as it would risk having a building energy system that would underperform during extreme climate scenarios or when the urban heat-related cooling energy demand is high.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1632-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized control of hybrid excitation wind generators using advanced sliding mode strategies","authors":"Walid Mohammed Kacemi ,&nbsp;Elhadj Bounadja ,&nbsp;Abdelkadir Belhadj Djilali ,&nbsp;Fayssal Saidi ,&nbsp;Habib Benbouhenni ,&nbsp;Ilhami Colak","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind power is a sustainable and reliable solution to the growing global demand for electricity, driven by the shift toward renewable energy sources. Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generators (HESG) stand out among emerging technologies for their ability to efficiently transform wind energy into clean power. Unlike conventional systems, the HESG uniquely combines dual-excitation mechanisms, integrating permanent magnet excitation with winding field operations, providing superior adaptability, reduced complexity, and enhanced performance under variable wind conditions. However, controlling HESGs under nonlinear and variable wind conditions presents challenges that demand advanced control strategies to ensure optimal performance and power quality. The study aims to optimize HESG flux by refining the design of the direct current excitation coils and permanent magnets, ensuring higher system reliability and efficiency. To address these challenges, the study introduces Smooth function based <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mtext>rd</mtext><mspace></mspace></mrow></msup></math></span>order sliding mode control (SF-TOSMC), chosen for its ability to handle system nonlinearities, reduce chattering, and improve stability. The proposed SF-TOSMC replaces the discontinuous \"sign\" function with a continuous \"smooth\" function, significantly enhancing stability and improving overall system performance. The control strategy was validated through MATLAB simulations and compared to proportional integral (PI) and second-order sliding mode control (SOSMC), achieving a 72 % reduction in harmonic distortion for grid-injected current and an overall efficiency of 97.9 % under unpredictable wind conditions, outperforming SOSMC (92.3 %) and PI (83.3 %). These findings underline the effectiveness of SF-TOSMC in overcoming HESG control challenges, demonstrating its transformative potential in enhancing energy efficiency, grid stability, and cost-effectiveness in renewable energy applications<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1649-1672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on transformer fault diagnosisbased on improved deep residual shrinkage network and optimized residual variational autoencoder","authors":"Haiyan Yao ,&nbsp;Yuefei Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo ,&nbsp;Shizhe Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanjun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformer as the core equipment in the power system, its fault diagnosis has a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid. However, traditional transformer fault diagnosis methods often rely on manual experience or simple models, which are difficult to meet the demand for efficient and accurate diagnosis when faced with complex and evolving fault patterns. In this study, a new method for transformer fault diagnosis based on improved deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) and optimized residual variational autoencoders (ORVAE) is proposed. Firstly, this study improves the DRSN to enhance its feature extraction capability. By designing a specific shrinkage mechanism, the improved DRSN can reduce the information loss in the face of complex data, greatly improve the extraction ability of the key features of the transformer operating state, and thus improve the accuracy of fault recognition. Secondly, in view of the difficulty and high cost of transformer fault sample data collection, this study introduces a residual connection structure based on the traditional variational autoencoder (VAE), and constructs the ORVAE method to effectively address the challenge of insufficient data. The results show that the fault recognition rate of the proposed method on the real transformer fault dataset reaches 97.14 %, which is better than the traditional method, showing excellent diagnostic performance and strong practical application potential. Compared with the existing technologies, this method not only improves the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis, but also provides new ideas and technical support for the intelligent development of power system. This study offers an innovative solution for the field of fault diagnosis of power equipment, and providing a strong technical guarantee for fault prediction and maintenance in future smart grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1608-1619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency potentials in oil & gas operations: A case study of South Sudan’s petroleum industry","authors":"Chuang D. Awow ,&nbsp;Joseph Muguthu,&nbsp;Francis Njoka","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The petroleum industry in the Republic of South Sudan has experienced a severe decline in production due to challenges associated with reservoir management and infrastructure limitations. Nevertheless, in the petroleum operations, the consumption of primary energy resources, such as diesel and crude oil, continued to rise at a significant level throughout the production facilities and the transportation system. This study aims at investigating energy efficiency potentials within the petroleum sector for improving energy management and enhancing sustainability. The results from the focused appraisal and conclusions, will inform policy formulation and standards development. For this energy evaluation, a detailed analysis was conducted using data from year 2018 to 2023 across all the facilities at the process-unit level, as well as related activities in blocks 3 &amp;7, the largest oilfields in the country, operated by Dar Petroleum Operating Company (DPOC). Data on crude oil and diesel fuel were collected, processed and evaluated to establish baselines for primary energy consumption, assessing the primary and final energy intensities, Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), associated carbon dioxide emissions, and potential energy savings, were determined using comparisons with specified baselines. The key findings of this study include diesel fuel savings of 1854.96 m³ / Annum equivalent to 1.56x 10⁻³ Mtoe per annum, crude oil savings of 70,418 barrels per annum, equivalent to 9.86 × 10⁻³ Mtoe per annum. The overall SEC of 0.67 PJ/Mtoe/Annum was determined on the basis of crude oil consumption benchmark of 1140,641barrels/annum. While the results highlight significant opportunities for energy-savings, these contributed to operational cost reduction of (8.09 %) or $ USD 8108,184.50 /Annum, and resources conservation, as well as an abatement of Carbon dioxide by 35.30 million metric ton of CO₂/annum (6.76 %) out of a total annual emission of 522.36 million metric ton of CO₂. Policy recommendations specific to energy management standards are provided as well as strategies for overcoming implementation challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1673-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}