Energy Reports最新文献

{"title":"Voltage stability analysis in IBR-dominated power grids using an explainable AI-based optimized deep learning framework","authors":"Amir Hossein Poursaeed ,&nbsp;Farhad Namdari ,&nbsp;Peter Crossley","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern power systems are undergoing a significant transformation, moving away from traditional setups dominated by synchronous generators toward configurations with a high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) including both grid-forming and grid-following inverters. This evolution presents unique challenges, particularly in the realm of voltage stability, as conventional indices and methods often fall short in capturing the complex dynamics of IBR-dominated networks. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a novel voltage stability assessment index specifically designed for power systems with substantial IBR penetration, which incorporates the distinctive reactive power and apparent power constraints of IBRs, providing a more accurate representation of stability margins. Building upon this foundation, an optimized deep learning framework is proposed, utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN)-bidirectional long short-term memory (BDLSTM) network enhanced with an attention mechanism to significantly improve prediction accuracy. The hyperparameters of the CNN-BDLSTM model are meticulously fine-tuned using the arithmetic optimization algorithm to achieve an ideal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, explainable artificial intelligence is integrated to evaluate and validate the influence of input features, enhancing the interpretability and transparency of the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated through validation on IEEE 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE 145-bus systems. The results underscore the superior accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method, affirming its suitability for real-time voltage stability assessment in modern power systems characterized by high IBR penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 766-791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A distributionally coordinated planning in regional interconnected high renewable penetration system with time-varying carbon emission factors and stepwise carbon price","authors":"Peiyun Feng ,&nbsp;Pingliang Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenjun Hu ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Yin ,&nbsp;Mingzhao Deng ,&nbsp;Xiyi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbon emission factor (CEF), an effective tool for carbon quantification, is commonly employed to evaluate carbon trading costs and facilitate carbon reduction efforts. However, in current research practices, the average carbon emission factor (ACEF) provides a time-independent and static accounting method. This can result in an inaccurate assessment of carbon emissions and limit the capability of carbon reduction. In this paper, a distributionally collaborated planning model is proposed in regional interconnected high renewable penetration system with time-varying carbon emission factors (TCEFs) and stepwise carbon price (SCP). This time-varying CEF model dynamically captures the proportion of different units’ output within total energy consumption to accurately account carbon emissions. Then leveraging the synergistic interplay between TCEFs and SCP to optimize each generator and energy storage system (ESS), facilitates continuous renewable energy integration and fosters carbon emission mitigation. Finally, a distributed collaborative algorithm is employed to enhance operational efficiency and resource utilization through regional interconnection, thereby culminating in carbon reduction outcomes. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing low-carbon performance and economic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 736-750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic carbon emission flow calculation of power system with Latin Hypercube Sampling","authors":"Chen Xue ,&nbsp;Xin Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To quantify the impact of renewable energy uncertainty on carbon emission flow (CEF), this paper proposes a probabilistic CEF calculation method based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). Traditional Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methods typically combine with Simple Random Sampling (SRS), but such methods are less efficient in handling high-dimensional problems, with limited coverage of the input random variable distribution space. To address this issue, this paper introduces an MCS method combined with LHS and Gram-Schmidt sequence orthogonalization (GS-LHS). The GS-LHS method systematically distributes sample points, making the sample distribution more uniform in multi-dimensional space, while the Gram-Schmidt sequence orthogonalization further improves sampling efficiency and coverage. Based on the proposed method, this paper conducts a detailed analysis of the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems, using MATLAB for simulation and calculating the probabilistic distribution of node carbon intensity (NCI) for each node. The analysis results show that the proposed method can provide more accurate NCI probability distribution estimates with fewer samples. In the IEEE118 system, with 10³ samples, the proposed method's average relative error is 0.1489 % (max 1.1458 %), while SRS has an average of 0.2155 % (max 5.9098 %). The GS-LHS method requires only 46.52 % of the sample size and 47.17 % of the computation time of the SRS method at a 1 % error threshold, resulting in a total time saving of approximately 45.36 %. This shows that the proposed method surpasses SRS in estimating the distribution of output random variables, also maintains the simplicity and flexibility of MCS and reduce the computation time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 751-765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in energy harvesting: A survey of low-power technologies and their potential","authors":"Qudrat Ullah,&nbsp;Tuomas Rauta,&nbsp;Jussi Keskikuru,&nbsp;Joel Haverinen,&nbsp;Pekka Ruuskanen","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays low-power energy harvesting technologies represent the most sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional batteries that convert ambient energy from chemical reactions, vibrations, magnetic fields, and moisture into usable electrical energy for compact and self-sufficient electronic devices. However, a significant research gap into assessing the reliability, efficiency, and practical deployment of these technologies in various applications still exists. This article encompasses a comprehensive review of different types of electrochemical, kinetic, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, and moisture-based energy harvesting techniques. Each method is investigated with respect to their fundamental physical concepts. Thus, a critical discussion of the scientific evolution and functional mechanisms of each technology along with their applications and output characteristics is presented. Based on output characteristics, applications of these energy harvesting techniques in portable electronics, medical implants, wireless sensor networks, industrial monitoring systems, and smart infrastructure are examined in detail. Key challenges, including limited energy conversion efficiency, material constraints, and economic feasibility, are addressed to highlight current limitations. By identifying future research directions and emerging trends, this study highlights the potential of low-power energy harvesting technologies to provide sustainable and reliable energy solutions for several low-power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 671-692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers, drivers, and practices of industrial energy efficiency: An empirical study in Morocco’s largest industrial hub","authors":"Kawtar Ibn Batouta,&nbsp;Sarah Aouhassi,&nbsp;Khalifa Mansouri","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first empirical analysis of industrial energy efficiency adoption in Morocco, focusing on Casablanca—the country’s primary industrial hub, accounting for 21 % of national energy consumption. Based on a structured questionnaire and interviews with 39 firms across 15 industrial zones, the research identifies, ranks, and analyzes the key barriers, drivers, practices, and information sources influencing energy efficiency implementation. Findings show that financial and behavioral barriers are most significant, with 46 % of respondents identifying <em>“other priorities for capital investments”</em> as a major constraint. In contrast, 69.2 % cited cost reduction as the strongest driver. Adoption levels are higher for electrical energy efficiency measures (average score: 0.60) than for thermal ones (0.46). Widely implemented electrical solutions such as efficient lighting (0.78) and power factor correction (0.72) contrast with the limited uptake of advanced thermal technologies like economizers and automatic blowdown control, which remain underused due to technical and financial constraints. Cronbach’s alpha tests confirmed strong reliability: 0.90 for barriers, 0.93 for drivers, and 0.85 for information sources. Firms showed high reliance on expert advice—consultants, auditors, and the local agency for energy efficiency were the most trusted sources—while general channels like media and conferences were less valued. Comparative analysis with similar studies from other countries reveals both shared challenges and Morocco-specific dynamics. This study offers actionable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers, recommending targeted financial tools, regulatory updates, capacity building, and real-time monitoring to align industrial practices with SDGs 7 and 13 and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 693-710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-analytics-based electric vehicle charging station location selection: A cutting-edge fuzzy rough framework","authors":"Fatih Ecer ,&nbsp;Dragan Pamucar ,&nbsp;Gülay Demir","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles are of great significance in supporting sustainable transportation and sustainability. In parallel with the increasing demand for such vehicles worldwide, the electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) market has grown dramatically. The study presents a practical model for selecting EVCS sites integrating multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), fuzzy, and rough sets. The research aims to bridge the gap in evaluating EVCS locations by leveraging the superiorities of fuzzy and rough set theories to address vagueness effectively. Firstly, assessment criteria cover the environment, economic, technology, and social drivers. Secondly, a fuzzy Defining Interrelationships Between Ranked criteria (F-DIBR) model is applied to determine the weight values of siting factors. Last, for the first time, the Mixed Aggregation by COmprehensive Normalization Technique (MACONT) with hybrid fuzzy rough numbers (FRN-MACONT) model is proposed to obtain the ranking results. Further, a new approach for defining hybrid fuzzy rough numbers is suggested, based on an improved methodology for determining rough numbers' lower and upper limits, allowing consideration of mutual relations between a set of objects and flexible representation of rough boundary intervals depending on the dynamic environmental conditions. The study's novelties reside in deciding the importance of the driving forces used in determining the EVCS site location with a novel method, F-DIBR, and selecting the optimal site with a new FRN-MACONT approach. The results show that \"economy\" is the most significant criterion, whereas \"system reliability\" is the most critical sub-criterion. The findings also indicate that the Konak territory performs the best, whereas the Cigli territory is the second best. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis verifies the proposed framework's validity, robustness, and effectiveness. As per the research findings and analyses, some managerial implications are further discussed. The approach introduced has the potential to contribute to the green transport literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 711-735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perceptions and acceptance of alternative fuel vehicles: An empirical analysis on the role of age, gender, and climate change awareness","authors":"Regina Gimpel,&nbsp;Katrin Arning","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) will play a key role in the decarbonization of future mobility. However, the integration of bridging technologies, such as e-fuels, is essential. Public risk perception and acceptance can have a significant impact on the integration of these alternative fuel vehicles. An empirical study was conducted to investigate the risk perception and acceptance of e-fuels and EVs. Additionally, potential influencing individual factors such as age, gender, and climate change awareness (CCA) were considered. Data were collected via a representative quantitative online survey (N = 517, German laypersons) in April 2023. Results indicated higher CCA among females and ambiguous results for age. E-fuels were preferred over EVs as an alternative fuel vehicle, with lower affective risk perceptions and higher acceptance. Regression analyses suggested that age, gender, and CCA marginally predicted risk perception and acceptance of EVs, whereas these factors had no significant influence on e-fuels. Recommendations for technical developers, policymakers, and communicators in the context of sustainable mobility are derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 648-656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental implications of alternative production, distribution, storage, and leakage rates of hydrogen from offshore wind in Norway","authors":"Teymur Gogiyev,&nbsp;Sean Kristian Condon,&nbsp;Francesco Cherubini,&nbsp;Marcos Djun Barbosa Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable hydrogen offers compelling climate mitigation prospects, with Norway possessing the opportunity to become a main global producer given its unique combination of wind energy potential, available infrastructure, and political motivation. However, comprehensive environmental impact assessments of hydrogen from offshore wind are lacking and hydrogen leakage rates remain uncertain. A life-cycle assessment of hydrogen production from offshore wind farms in Norway is presented, where different combinations of turbines (floating or bottom-fixed), storage options (tank or salt cavern), and distribution methods (trucks or pipelines) are considered. Climate change impacts are assessed across the supply chain using global warming potential 100 (GWP100) and 20 (GWP20) and include hydrogen leakage contributions. The results range from 1.56 ± 0.14–2.28 ± 0.14 kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂ for GWP100 and 2.96 ± 0.76 and 3.75 ± 0.76 kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂ for GWP20 and are on average 55 % and 45 % lower than those of blue hydrogen, respectively. At a default rate of 5 %, hydrogen leakage contributes 50–63 % of the total impact for GWP20 and 25–37 % for GWP100. If higher-end leakage rates from literature are considered, the impacts increase to 3.46 kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂ for GWP100, which is still lower than that of blue hydrogen. The scenario combining bottom-fixed turbines, salt cavern storage, and pipeline distribution presents the lowest environmental impacts. However, while bottom-fixed turbines generally offer lower impacts, floating turbines pose lesser risk to marine biodiversity. Overall, infrastructure represents the main driver of environmental impacts. Mitigation in this area will improve potential benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 657-670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electricity market design for 100 % renewable energy in Germany – Challenges and solutions","authors":"David Ritter ,&nbsp;Dominik Grafmüller ,&nbsp;Dierk Bauknecht ,&nbsp;Marion Wingenbach ,&nbsp;Kaya Dünzen","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to a renewable energy system poses several challenges for electricity market design. This paper examines the structural changes required to accommodate a fully renewable-based electricity system in Germany, emphasising the integration of renewable energy sources, dispatchable power plants, and flexibility options regarding dispatch, investment, and localisation. We provide a broad overview of prospective measures to support such an energy system. We identify nine main challenges and seventeen solutions, conduct a strengths and weaknesses analysis for the solutions, identify the relevance of the challenges, and how well they can be addressed by the solutions. Renewable investment is analysed in greater depth since a steady increase of RES installations is central to the transformation, and as the share of renewables grows, additional challenges arise. Uncertainty surrounding future electricity prices remain significant, with current investments already reflecting an almost complete renewable system. Two pending regulatory decisions in particular contribute to these uncertainties: Bidding zone allocation and subsidies for hydrogen prices. The paper concludes that while current approaches tackle several market design challenges, further research is needed to enhance investment in renewables, flexibility options, and dispatchable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 634-647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial and multi-criteria decision-making approach for optimal site selection of solar/wind desalination plants in Oman","authors":"Fahd Amjad ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Abdul Khalique Shaikh ,&nbsp;Bashar Tarawneh ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Asad Amjad","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desalination plants are being constructed due to the growing demand for drinkable water worldwide. This study identified the best locations for desalination systems using renewable sources across Oman via a spatial multicriteria analysis. The results show two main sites for wind-based desalination and five main sites for solar-powered desalination, with most located near coastal areas with favorable geographical features for seawater pumping. These sites are well-positioned for integration into the national grid and are near existing transportation and transmission networks. The central coastal region around Duqm is identified as the most promising area for wind and solar energy-coupled desalination due to its renewable resources, proximity to the national 400-kilovolt transmission network, and access to seaport infrastructure. Other identified regions include Sur and Ash Shuwaymiyyah, both with great solar energy capacity and proximity to populated areas. Despite higher distribution costs, these sites have long-term benefits in energy generation, freshwater supply, and agricultural development. The findings provide a solid foundation for sustainable water solutions and further work with Oman's renewable energy strategy at the national level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}