Energy Reports最新文献

{"title":"Prefeasibility study on optimal site location for Power‐to‐X: An experiment for the Danish energy system","authors":"Jasmin Søgaard-Deakin, George Xydis","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"Denmark has set ambitious goals to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 70 % by the year 2030, and in an effort to reach this, the Danish Energy Agency has proposed a Power-to-X strategy that involves an overall capacity target of 6 GW of electrolysis by 2030. The objective of the following study was to identify the optimal site location for siting an electrolyser for Power-to-X as a prefeasibility analysis. The results indicated that Jammerbugt was an ideal area, for an add on solution to an already existing wind turbine, with 1303 h of excess wind energy available for Power-to-X. A financial analysis showed that there was an NPV of - €126,032 after a 20-year period, which improves with a theoretical 20 % governmental subsidy to €16,662. Therefore, it was found that Power-to-X is still currently reliant on governmental support as a viable business case. The study's findings highlight the importance of this support for Power-to-X to be a viable business case, such as the decision to allocate 1.25 billion DKK for hydrogen production by 2030.","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging energy economics and policy research priorities for enabling the electric vehicle sector","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We highlight key emerging research priorities on the climate- and industrial-policy driven pathway to passenger car electrification, including both pure battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, using a three-pronged approach. It includes examining journalistic reports from a research perspective, corroborating the determined research priorities with recent literature, and consulting a diverse group of experts in policy, technology, fuel and infrastructure fields. We delineate eight overarching themes that correspond to distinct research challenges and prospects and rank them by integrating expert ratings on importance in enabling the EV sector, novelty and feasibility using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. Specific emerging research issues related to – (i) assessing the impact of U.S. and European policies on the competitiveness of their domestic electric vehicle (EV) battery industry in relation to China and global trade in batteries; (ii) exploring the prospect and effect of rising metal prices on the battery and EV markets; (iii) assessing the EV price trends and the continued necessity of government subsidies in light of declining battery costs and EV price wars among automakers – ranked among the top three. The sensitivity analysis conducted within the MCDM framework, utilizing three distinct response weighting schemes, demonstrated greater variability in expert opinions-based ranking for two issues compared to others: (i) the geopolitical battle for control of critical metals for EVs, and (ii) price war and competition in the EV market. Pursuing this new research agenda should help inform policymakers, and industry decision makers to ensure a smooth ride towards passenger car electrification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235248472400492X/pdfft?md5=b862e788182484394bf000cb997f1936&pid=1-s2.0-S235248472400492X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved solar step-up power converter for next-generation electric vehicle charging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes an innovative control strategy based on a quadratic equation derived from a core battery charging model. This strategy is applied to a solar step-up power converter (SSUPC), which is specifically optimized for electric vehicle charging. The model includes a 500 W SSUPC, controlled by a microprocessor, effectively converting low input voltage into high output voltage. The proposed control strategy allows the SSUPC to operate in discontinuous conduction mode, thereby achieving a higher voltage gain. In experiments with an input voltage of 20 V, the system was capable of outputting up to 480 V, while maintaining a low duty cycle of 0.3 and achieving a system conversion efficiency of 95 %. Furthermore, the SSUPC integrates a pyramid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, initiating MPPT to capture the maximum power point when the solar output power is insufficient for electric vehicle charging, achieving an MPPT efficiency of 99 %. The developed charger is compact, boasts high power density, is cost-effective, and is well-suited for widespread application, meeting the 480 V charging requirements of electric vehicles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724005067/pdfft?md5=13efe83c9c17979f162d55c8a6898b44&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724005067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic algorithm-based optimization of combined supercritical CO2 power and flash-tank enhanced transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle for shipboard waste heat recuperation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shipping industry significantly contributes to global trade and economy, but is also responsible for approximately ∼3 % of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Harnessing waste heat from marine vessels to perform useful work is a potential solution to reduce these emissions. Although the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and CO₂ cycles have been studied separately for waste heat recovery, a combined power and refrigeration systems, utilizing both cycles have not been reported. Herein, a combined system, “Marine Energy Recovery System (MERS)”, that integrates the supercritical CO₂ Brayton power cycle with a flash-tank-enhanced transcritical CO₂ refrigeration cycle, is proposed, aiming to generate power and provide cooling simultaneously. The power cycle incorporates an ORC, and a flash-tank is introduced within the refrigeration cycle to improve system performance. Both cycles share a low-temperature recuperator and a gas cooler to further utilize the heat between them. The MERS is evaluated from both a 1st and 2nd law perspective against various performance metrics under different operating conditions, such as: gas cooler pressure, evaporation temperature, and turbine inlet temperature and pressure. Results elucidated that the MERS achieved energy and exergy efficiencies of 54.62 % and 54.90 %, respectively, representing significant improvements over similar systems. The net work output improved by 717.55 kW and the net cooling capacity by 515.7 kW relative to the reference system. Furthermore, a COP of 2.99 outlines its potential as a cooling system. To further enhance MERS’s performance, a multi-objective optimization approach is employed, utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Optimal operational conditions yielded an energy efficiency of 74.95 % while maintaining a net work output of 6890.55 kW with gas cooler pressure, turbine inlet temperature, and gas cooler outlet temperature being 9.5 MPa, 461.76°C and 50°C respectively. These findings support the reliability and improved design of the MERS for future marine applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004840/pdfft?md5=7be89a7bd08f679efdda5c00cee3c865&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004840-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying locations for electric vehicle charging stations in urban areas through the application of multicriteria techniques","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The incorporation of electric vehicles (EVs) into urban mobility is increasing daily, driving the need to incorporate urban charging stations (EVCSs) additionally. This study proposes a methodology for identifying adequate EVCS locations within an urban area. This methodology is based on the joint application of multicriteria decision-making methods (MCDMs) to solve urban planning problems related to the placement of EVCSs. As a starting point, the locations of the existing fossil fuel supply stations in each city are used as alternatives. The city of Cuenca, Ecuador, is used as a case study. Criteria and subcriteria have also been determined based on the available information and are used to propose three scenarios based on their value variation, which is established as preponderance weights. Among the results obtained, three alternatives scored better than the rest in most of the evaluations. As there was no conclusive result, a statistical analysis was conducted to strengthen the decision-making process and determine the most favourable potential locations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004839/pdfft?md5=ccec5ea9ff7e4e5f25b89998f18a25f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004839-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized peer-to-peer energy trading in microgrids: Leveraging blockchain technology and smart contracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microgrids are regarded as vital components in contemporary realm of energy system improvement, resilience, and sustainability. In this paper a novel decentralized peer-to-peer energy trading system leveraging blockchain technology is proposed. The proposed model not only demonstrates the implementation of blockchain technology in microgrids but also transforms the energy sector by emphasizing decentralization, security and efficiency. This research aims to enhance the energy trading system by including smart contracts written on the Ethereum network. Energy Token and Demand Response contracts are integrated to enable dynamic interactions inside microgrids, which leads to a transparent, secure, and efficient energy trading system. Moreover, automation of energy transactions and elimination of intermediaries ensure cost effectiveness and utilization of excess energy potentially reduce dependency on the main grid. A microgrid system is designed in Simulink for distributed energy trading. Energy credits are represented by standard ERC-20 digital token and then demand response contract dynamically adjusts rewards and energy prices based on energy production and consumption. the ERC-20 contract manages the token transaction and then demand response contract enforces governance rules. The purpose of a demand response contract is to enable the automatic and efficient control of energy usage in response to changing demand and supply conditions. The use of the Web3 library further facilitates a direct and smooth connection between the blockchain network and microgrids. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of both smart contracts, making trading possible at noon when the combined generation from solar array and energy management system exceed the energy demand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004797/pdfft?md5=18cae8a768458774a01623e39c4d5e22&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostrategic study of the evolution of energy harvesting systems based on the patent activity of flywheels and regenerative shock absorbers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyses the technological activity on energy harvesting and storage systems, such as flywheels and regenerative shock absorbers, for support of renewable energy and electric vehicle applications. The activity is analyzed based on the evolution of the patents over the last 20 years, based on databases such as Patbase and Derwnet. The data reveal that less than 50 % of the total flywheels patents and utility models are granted. China is identified as the leading innovator in this area, followed by the United States, Japan, and Germany, which collectively account for 84 % of all patent families. A ranking of related companies and institutes is dominated by Chinese companies such as CANDELA (SHENZHEN) TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION CO., SHENYANG WEIKONG NEW ENERGY TECH CO., followed by German and American companies such as LUK LAMELLEN, VYCON, Siemens, and Caterpillar Inc. The leading regions on regenerative shock absorbers technologies are Germany, China, USA, and the European Patent Office (EPO). The study shows a leadership of Germany accounting for 39 % of the priority patents. The study also identified the top 20 applicants with the highest number of patent families, which included European companies such as SCHAEFFLER AG, HYDAC, VOLKSWAGEN AG, and Continental Automotive GmbH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004876/pdfft?md5=6f9167ce113570bd2fdf5c69e1404005&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004876-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of charging tariffs for residential electric vehicle users based on Stackelberg game","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Establishing a rational pricing mechanism for electric vehicles (EVs) can incentivize users to engage in charging activities, foster positive consumption behaviors, and indirectly benefit the grid by increasing load demand. Therefore, this paper conducts a Stackelberg game study between the grid and EV users by utilizing real charging and discharging data of EV users in F city. First, the price elasticity of EV users' electricity consumption behavior is analyzed. Second, the Stackelberg game model is constructed, multiple tariff schemes are designed to calculate the equilibrium tariff of the game, and the benefits of the grid and EV users are analyzed in comparison with the tariff policy that will be implemented in F city. Lastly, different seasonal scenarios are constructed to extend the applicability of the research results. It is found that Scheme 3 effectively incentivizes charging load growth, increases cross-subsidies and transmission and distribution fees, and protects the level of charging and discharging costs for residents; furthermore, lowering charging and discharging tariffs during seasons of high price elasticity for residents to increase demand is an optimal strategy for grid pricing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004803/pdfft?md5=39373618b9dc4fd763a93e7182eb5ceb&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004803-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual coupling control of photovoltaic-energy storage power generation system for efficient power support","authors":"Wangwang Bai, Zhongdan Zhang, Yaozhong Zhang, Weiyang Zhao, Baoze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.052","url":null,"abstract":"The key to achieving efficient and rapid frequency support and suppression of power oscillations in power grids, especially with increased penetration of new energy sources, lies in accurately assessing the inertia and damping requirements of the photovoltaic energy storage system and establishing a controllable coupling relationship between the virtual synchronous generator and the main network. In this paper, the inertia and damping requirements of the photovoltaic energy storage system are estimated using frequency safety warnings and power oscillation suppression constraints. Furthermore, the oscillation characteristics of the power system, which include photovoltaic and energy storage in the presence of periodic load disturbances, are analyzed. Based on this analysis, a coupled virtual synchronous controller for energy storage is proposed. This controller employs a forced oscillation suppression technique through natural frequency shifting, and establishes a controllable power coupling relationship between the photovoltaic energy storage system and the main network to achieve the desired frequency shift. Finally, a simulation system incorporating conventional generators and a photovoltaic energy storage system controlled with the proposed strategy is built to test the frequency support and power oscillation suppression behaviors of the grid-connected power generation system.","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid chaotic bat algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of dg units in radial distribution networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.07.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Appropriate location and sizing of distributed generation (DG) units in a radial distribution system (RDS) play a significant role in the improvement of its overall performance. Indeed, proper DG placement and sizing help in maintaining the balance between power supply and demand, decreasing energy losses and enhancing voltage profile. Within this context, this paper presents an effective approach for the determination of the optimal location and the appropriate capacity of a photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) unit in RDSs. In the suggested approach, the best position of the PVDG is selected using the loss sensitivity factor (LSF). Meanwhile, a new optimization technique incorporating chaos, bats’ self-adaptive compensation, and Doppler effect into the original bat algorithm (BA) is developed to find the optimal size of the PVDG unit. The optimal PVDG size is optimally determined in such a way that total active power losses of the RDS is reduced and voltage profile is enhanced. The performance of the proposed optimization technique, symbolized by (CSA-DC)BA, is evaluated using various benchmark functions. Moreover, the applicability and effectiveness of the suggested approach are verified on the IEEE 33-bus and the IEEE 69-bus RDSs. Obtained results revealed that the proposed (CSA-DC)BA outperforms the comparison optimization techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484724004657/pdfft?md5=08c9c204ba01d30ad69c54a6827d781a&pid=1-s2.0-S2352484724004657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}