Energy Reports最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing solar PV reliability with hybrid local features and infrared thermography","authors":"Waqas Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread adoption of Solar Photovoltaic Systems (PVS) faces challenges due to operational and environmental stresses, which can lead to hotspots and potential failures. This study introduces a novel hybrid local features-based approach for monitoring PVS using infrared thermographs. This method is designed to be resistant to scaling, noise, rotation, and haze. The approach involves subdividing each thermograph into 5 × 5 pixel grids, extracting features, and clustering them using an unsupervised algorithm to reduce memory usage. A shallow classifier is then employed, achieving an impressive 98 % training accuracy and 96.8 % testing accuracy with 5-fold cross-validation. Additionally, the model demonstrates high performance across various metrics, with precision values of 92 %, 100 %, and 100 %; recall values of 100 %, 100 %, and 90 %; and F1 scores of 0.958, 1.0, and 0.947 for the faulty, healthy, and hotspot classes, respectively. A Simulink model was developed to assess the impact of environmental stresses on PVS power losses, showcasing the method's practical applicability. This approach significantly enhances the reliability and performance of PVS, aligning with global initiatives such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, EU energy targets, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Climate Accord. It ensures sustainable and reliable PVS operation over the next 25 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-duration energy storage technology adoption: Insights from U.S. energy industry experts","authors":"Andreij Selänniemi,&nbsp;Magnus Hellström,&nbsp;Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This qualitative study explores long-duration energy storage (LDES) technology adoption within the U.S. energy industry. A qualitative approach was selected to uncover subtle dynamics of emerging technology deployment that are difficult to capture using other research methodologies. Recognising the predominant focus in existing literature on technological advancements, policy and market mechanisms, electricity system modelling, and the clarification of the role of LDES, this research addresses a critical gap by emphasising the perspectives of energy project investors and market entities. Through in-depth interviews with industry experts from utilities and independent power producers across the U.S. in both regulated and deregulated electricity markets, the aim is to unravel practical considerations that influence investment decisions in LDES technologies.</div><div>The principal contribution of this study lies in the synthesis of insights gathered from the interviews and relevant literature, creating a theoretical framework of factors shaping LDES adoption. This framework is organised around six main themes and 20 subthemes, further classified into 102 key categories. The primary conclusion drawn from this structured analysis is the identification of multiple underexplored areas within the realm of LDES. Several of the identified main themes, as well as numerous subthemes and key categories, emerge as subjects necessitating further investigation. This study not only enriches our understanding of LDES adoption but also serves as a catalyst for future research initiatives to delve deeper into these overlooked facets, ultimately contributing to the holistic advancement of LDES technologies within the energy landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 378-396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a high-temperature heat pump based on a cascaded reverse Brayton and vapor compression cycle","authors":"Mohammad Ali Yaqteen ,&nbsp;Yoong Chung ,&nbsp;Chan Ho Song ,&nbsp;Jin Sub Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat pumps are used to recover waste heat in industries and transfer it to other processes at elevated temperatures. Efforts are directed towards enhancing the heat pump’s ability to achieve high heat sink temperatures, often surpassing 100 °C, termed as high-temperature heat pumps. Additionally, concerns over the global warming potential of refrigerants used in these heat pumps have led researchers to explore new environmentally friendly alternatives aiming to maintain functionality while minimizing environmental impact. This paper investigates the design and selection of a heat pump for an industrial project requiring the processing of waste heat from 100 °C to 300 °C. It evaluates different architectures including a reverse Brayton cycle, a multi-stage expansion reverse Brayton cycle, and a cascaded reverse Brayton cycle with a vapor compression cycle increasing the coefficient of performance from 1.74 to values exceeding 2.0. It also observes the performance of the cascaded cycle under the usage of different low global warming potential refrigerants. Refrigerants such as R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234ze(Z), and R1224yd(Z) are analyzed for their potential to further enhance cycle performance. The cascade system with the refrigerant R1224yd(Z) in the vapor compression part gives the best result among these four. Performance comparisons are made resulting in the cascade cycle giving a 4.7 % and 13.4 % improvement when compared to the multi-stage expansion and simple reverse Brayton cycle, respectively. These results demonstrate that the cascaded cycle using eco-friendly refrigerants can enhance industrial waste heat recovery, providing a sustainable and efficient solution for high-temperature applications, such as chemical processing and food manufacturing, where significant energy savings and reduced emissions are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 318-329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Energy Management System for Multi-Microgrid system considering uncertainties using multi-objective multi-verse optimization","authors":"Dessalegn Bitew Aeggegn ,&nbsp;George Nyauma Nyakoe ,&nbsp;Cyrus Wekesa","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Multi-Microgrid (MMG) system fosters cooperative interaction among various energy sources, reducing operating costs and carbon emissions while enhancing reliability and supporting the integration of renewable energy. This paper proposes the development of a multi-objective Energy Management System (EMS) for an MMG system comprising four microgrids connected to the main grid. The EMS aims to minimize the cost of energy (COE) and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) within the MMG system, utilizing a 24-h time horizon for day-ahead scheduling. To address the daily mismatch between DER generation output and load demand, the uncertainties related to distributed energy resources (DER) meteorological data, load demand, and energy price data have been considered. After detailed mathematical modeling and techno-economic analysis, multi-objective multi-verse optimizer (MOMVO) has been proposed which demonstrated speed and robustness, outperforming its counterparts in achieving superior Pareto front solutions. It achieved an optimum COE value of approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>11</mn><mi>$</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span> and an LPSP of 0.16%, with an overall execution time that further supports the algorithm’s superiority. The daily operating cost has been reduced by 40.32% from the base case system. The results of the proposed system EMS have been compared to those of multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) and multi-objective salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) algorithms. Hence, The MOMVO-based EMS outperforms the others by delivering greater cost savings, lower power consumption, optimal utilization of DERs, and achieving zero emissions. The simulation is performed on MATLAB 2022b environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 286-302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A game theoretic analysis of geothermal development consensus building in Japan","authors":"Kotaro Shinozaki ,&nbsp;Jun Nishijima ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Wakeyama","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal development in Japan has been stagnant because of high development costs, strict site regulations, and consensus-building difficulties with local stakeholders. The government has mitigated challenges related to costs and regulations by creating a feed-in tariff system and enforcing national park development deregulation. Therefore, consensus building remains the primary barrier to future geothermal development in Japan. In particular, geothermal development needs to be accepted by local hot spa owners who currently believe that such developments would have adverse effects on their businesses. This research seeks to identify the key factors that could improve the social acceptance of geothermal development. To this end, we applied game theory to model stakeholder behavior, which is assumed to be motivated by their interests. We examine three geothermal development case studies on Kyushu Island from the 1960s to 2017, revealing that stakeholders’ beliefs regarding the negative impacts of geothermal development are preventing the achievement of consensus. The application of game theory reveals that risk mitigation measures can positively affect consensus building. In addition, the game theory model implies that risk mitigation strategies are more effective for successful consensus than financial ones. This novel game theory analysis provides insights into the policy reforms needed to develop domestic geothermal energy projects, move toward a carbon-neutral society, and ensure harmony with Japan’s traditional hot spa culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel LCC-based four-wire inverter for ground power unit","authors":"Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Fuping Zhong ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Yiru Miao ,&nbsp;Jia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the ability to handle the three-phase unbalanced loads, the three-phase four-wire inverter has been widely used in the ground power unit (GPU). However, the maximum output voltage of this topology is only half of the DC-link voltage, and the steady-state error occurs in output voltage at low switching frequency. This paper presents an LCC-based four-wire inverter, including a traditional three-phase four-wire voltage source inverter and a unique LCC network. First, the characteristics and parameter design principle of the LCC network are presented, thanks to the characteristics and optimized design of the LCC network, even under various unbalanced loads, each AC output voltage can automatically return to a balanced state and remain consistent with the reference voltage. Compared with the existing LC network, the control complexity can be reduced, and the voltage utilization increases by one time. Then, a proportional integral closed-loop control scheme is proposed to regulate the fundamental component of the output voltage, and a good steady-state and dynamic performance can be obtained. Finally, the experimental results are carried out to demonstrate the features and advantages of the proposed LCC-based four-wire inverter for ground power units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 230-237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-centric explainable artificial intelligence techniques for cyber-attack detection in microgrid networks","authors":"Rohit Trivedi,&nbsp;Sandipan Patra,&nbsp;Shafi Khadem","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a strategy for pre-processing data and interpreting the performance of advanced machine learning (ML) models to improve data quality and modify the models based on identified problems during the iterative development of classification models. The process consists of three main stages aimed at maximizing the performance of ML models. Stage-1 involves data collection and preprocessing. Stage-2 focuses on improving data quality and extracting features. The extracted features are further refined using hyperparameters in Stage-3. Additionally, the framework utilizes SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to elucidate the learning process of ML models and, therefore, make the model's behavior interpretable. As an example, this innovative process has been applied to cyber-attack detection in microgrid networks. In Stages-1, a CIGRE low-voltage microgrid network is simulated for data collection during cyber-attacks, followed by data pre-processing. In Stage-2, data augmentation is performed using SMOTE and ENN, and feature extraction is carried out using the Boruta Python package. In Stage-3, hyperparameters are tuned using the TPE algorithm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, enabling the model to progressively enhance its predictive capacity through each stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 217-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication-less adaptive overcurrent relay coordination for service restoration in distribution systems","authors":"JunYing Wong ,&nbsp;ChiaKwang Tan ,&nbsp;N.A. Rahim ,&nbsp;Rodney H.G. Tan ,&nbsp;Sook-Chin Yip","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous adaptive protection schemes (APS) have been developed to tackle the issue of changing fault current magnitudes and directions in a reconfigurable network. System-wide communication systems are the primary enablers in these proposed APS. However, these systems require expensive infrastructure and are prone to cyberattacks and communication errors. Therefore, a subclass of studies has proposed decentralized schemes to eliminate the downsides of communicative systems. However, these studies rely on fault parameters to determine the correct relay settings in their proposed APS and applies for a limited number of network topologies only. In contrast, this paper combines the use of local load flow information and the customary fault parameters to realize a comms-less adaptive protection scheme that maintains OCR coordination after service restoration in highly reconfigurable network topologies. Relay settings are selected from setting groups optimized using k-means clustering and linear programming. A locally deployed artificial neural network determines the appropriate setting group by referring to the fault location estimates and load flow measurements. The scheme produced promising results in most overcurrent relay settings selections when demonstrated on the IEEE 33-bus test distribution system under various fault and loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised mixed agri-food waste simulant for enhanced bioenergy production via hydrothermal carbonisation and supercritical plant modelling","authors":"Falilat O. Kassim ,&nbsp;M. Sohail ,&nbsp;Tosin Somorin ,&nbsp;Guy Blanch ,&nbsp;Rokiah Yaman ,&nbsp;Oluwasola O.D. Afolabi","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable bioenergy production from mixed agri-food waste (MAFW) offers eco-friendly solutions to global waste management and energy resource challenges. Yet, its application is hindered by the inherent variability of MAFW composition, influenced by agri-food production practices, geographical factors, and seasonality. This variability poses significant obstacles in bioenergy research, from obtaining consistent MAFW samples to impacting the reproducibility of results in controlled laboratory experiments. This study addresses this gap via a new theoretical and experimentally validated approach to develop a mixed agri-food waste (MAFW) simulant recipe for bioenergy research amenable to different contexts. Leveraging comprehensive statistical analyses of extensive crop production and agri-food waste generation data, this approach circumvents the resource, logistical, and time constraints of direct sampling methods, which often bear health risks and regulatory compliance challenges. Our findings reveal that the variability analysis of MAFW simulant formulated replicates demonstrated consistent and reproducible sample formulation processes, with physicochemical properties mirroring actual MAFW sourced from open-air markets. Following the proposed methodology, the simulant approximated MAFW's characteristics in real-world scenarios, thus providing a dependable basis for experimental reproducibility. Results from pre-treating MAFW simulant using hydrothermal carbonisation show improved energy and combustion properties, which led to a marked impact on power generation performance. Hydrochar derived from MAFW simulant met ISO standards for thermally-treated solid fuel and utilising them as a fuel source in a supercritical power plant enhanced bioenergy conversion efficiency—increasing power generation efficiency by 10 % while reducing fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions by 36 % and 8 %, respectively. This study validates the practical relevance of MAFW simulant and its potential to optimise scalable approaches for advancing bioenergy research and production, with implications for sustainable agricultural and waste management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 184-195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rigorous optimization method for long-term multi-stage investment planning: Integration of hydrogen into a decentralized multi-energy system","authors":"Luka Bornemann,&nbsp;Jelto Lange,&nbsp;Martin Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thoroughly assessing future energy systems requires examining both their end states and the paths leading to them. Employing dynamic investment or multi-stage optimization models is crucial for this analysis. However, solving these optimization problems becomes increasingly challenging due to their long time horizons – often spanning several decades – and their dynamic nature. While simplifications like aggregations are often used to expedite solving procedures, they introduce higher uncertainty into the results and might lead to suboptimal solutions compared to non-simplified models. Against this background, this paper presents a rigorous optimization method tailored for multi-stage optimization problems in long-term energy system planning. By dividing the solution algorithm into a design and operational optimization step, the proposed method efficiently finds feasible solutions for the non-simplified optimization problem with simultaneous quality proof. Applied to a real-life energy system of a waste treatment plant in Germany, the method significantly outperforms a benchmark solver by reducing the computational time to find the first feasible solution from more than two weeks to less than one hour. Furthermore, it exhibits greater robustness compared to a conventional long-term optimization approach and yields solutions closer to the optimum. Overall, this method offers decision-makers computationally efficient and reliable information for planning investment decisions in energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 117-139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}