Energy Reports最新文献

{"title":"Energy security through decentralized energy system: Electricity self-sufficient village using agrivoltaics?","authors":"Martin Bauknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the Green Deal, the energy transition in the EU has gained momentum. Almost half of electricity consumption is now covered by renewable energies, with solar technology accounting for a significant share. However, the massive expansion of photovoltaics is increasingly being felt by every individual locally. The electrical grids are reaching their capacity limits. The number of redispatch measures is rising exponentially to keep the system running smoothly. This, in turn, is reflected on the electricity exchange in exorbitantly low exchange prices and, during windy and sunny hours, even in negative exchange prices. These trends raise the question of how energy security can be maintained and achieved in the future. In this context, a decentralized energy system is being modeled to create an electricity self-sufficient village using agrivoltaics. This has the advantage that the land can be used for dual purposes. The shared use of energy between citizens, commercials, municipalities and farmers creates a self-managed energy community. Farmers play a key role in this dual land use. This paper examines the central research question of what contribution an electricity self-sufficient village using agrivoltaics can make to energy security. This paper is based on a survey of 215 German farmers. The survey results show a trend that energy security can be increased through this modelled decentralized energy system. Various policy implications can be formulated for the realization of an electricity self-sufficient village using agrivoltaics. The first step is to achieve electricity self-sufficiency during the sunny months from March to October, until cross-seasonal storage media are available and ready for series production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1523-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lightweight RKM-YOLO algorithm for transmission line fault inspection","authors":"Haofei Li ,&nbsp;Zhenjie Wu ,&nbsp;Yuyang Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Quanfu Zhu ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inspection of transmission lines using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is crucial for ensuring reliable power supply systems. However, environmental complexity often leads to difficulties in locating equipment faults and maintenance delays, compromising power supply security. Given these challenges, this research presents a lightweight algorithm utilizing an enhanced version of YOLOv8n. First, the Receptive Field and Channel Attention Convolution (RFCAConv) module is introduced, capturing global and local features through a receptive field optimization mechanism, suppressing noise interference and mitigating image degradation caused by light refraction and reflection. We designed the K3_RFCA structure, which effectively integrates shallow and deep feature information to enhance the network’s feature extraction capability. Second, an improved KBiFPN structure is employed during feature fusion stage to enhance multi-scale adaptability while reducing computational costs. Finally, to tackle small target detection in transmission line inspection, an innovative Multi-scale and Multi-dimensional Cooperative Attention (MMCA) is proposed, adaptively weighting regional contextual information through multi-scale convolution and spatial-channel fusion, improving critical region representation. Experimental results demonstrate that RKM-YOLO achieves an average detection accuracy (mAP) of 90.7%, with an 18.27% reduction in parameters and a 3.1% improvement in recall and mAP50, while its detection speed meets the requirements for UAV inspections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1509-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of installing multirotor horizontal wind turbines in a ducted wind turbine: The influence of rotor diameter and rotation on power efficiency optimization","authors":"Javad Taghinezhad ,&nbsp;Mehran Masdari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Omidyeganeh","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study focuses on applying duct and multi-rotor wind turbines to enhance the generating capacity of a wind system arrangement in response to the expanding enthusiasm for using renewable energy sources in the municipal area. The outcome of this research can be utilized to introduce optimal turbine arrangements for a range of wind speeds related to specific regions to optimize the amount of power that can be extracted. It can produce power on standalone or in collaboration with other systems, such as Airborne and Invelox configurations. A duct speeds up the wind flow through the turbine location, while additional turbines can capture the remaining energy in the turbine's wake. For this aim, the impact of various configurations of multi-rotor wind turbines mounted on a recently designed duct was explored, followed by an investigation into enhancing the total output power. The effect of rotating direction and rotor diameter has been examined by comparing multiple arrangements to achieve the most significant output power for wind speeds ranging from 4 to 16 m/s. The outcomes prove that in high-speed winds of 12 m/s or more, mounting one rotor with a smaller diameter in the middle of two larger ones within the duct while spinning in the counter-rotating situation enhances the power efficiency by up to 95 %. Moreover, in low-speed winds of 6 m/s or lower, the three rotors with the same diameters presented the highest output, almost 2.1 times compared to the single rotor mounted in the duct throat. Considering an appropriate arrangement for multirotor wind turbines regarding privileged wind speed in the region can significantly increase generated power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1479-1490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of topological reconfiguration by transmission line switching for damping inter-area oscillations in power systems","authors":"Alloyce Godia Oduor ,&nbsp;Josiah Lange Munda ,&nbsp;Aloys Oriedi Akumu ,&nbsp;Luke Oduor Otieno","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.06.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intentional grid topology change is sometimes used in power system operations to control voltages, improve the net transfer capacities, and even to boost system reliability. As a consequence of topological change by transmission line switching, the power system may be subjected to inter-area oscillations which could impair system integrity in terms of small signal instability. This study has employed quadratic eigenvalue analysis to confirm that topological reconfiguration through transmission line switching can be used to control system voltages especially during high voltage regimes. It has further confirmed that topological reconfiguration when implemented without consideration of system stability, results in inter-area oscillations or in worst cases, in actual instability. This work has therefore proposed a method which uses multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize implementation of topological reconfiguration during voltage control to avoid inter-area oscillatory instability. In this proposed method, the optimization algorithm specifies which lines are to be switched off but at the same time improves small signal stability in the whole network. The proposed method has been tested in the IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 39-bus, and IEEE 68-bus models. The results indicate that when an optimized transmission switching is implemented, small signal stability is improved alongside voltage control, and can save power system operators from relying on intuition which is prone to human errors as they make operational decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1467-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-effect distillation for water desalination in an offshore PEM electrolyser system","authors":"M. Haqiqi ,&nbsp;S. Dussi ,&nbsp;J. Garcia-Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the integration of Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) desalination systems with Proton Exchange Membrane electrolysers (PEMEL) for large-scale offshore hydrogen production. The focus is on utilising the waste heat generated by PEMEL to drive the MED process. The developed quasi-steady-state model shows that MED can consistently meet the water demands of a 1 GW PEM electrolyser, except for electrolyser input power below 5 % of the nominal load. We find that at full load, a large part of the excess heat (up to 94.12 MW) remains uncollected, highlighting a need for further thermal management solutions. For the optimal MED design, we calculate a Gain Output Ratio (GOR) of 3.69, Specific Heat Consumption (SHC) of 631.54 kJ/kg, and a Specific Heat Transfer Area (area per kg/s distillate) of 155.12 m²/kg/s. For this configuration, MED is estimated to occupy a footprint of around 130 m² in a horizontal arrangement, while the 1 GW PEMEL occupies approximately 12000 m².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1452-1466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of personalized environmental control systems to improve local thermal comfort during cooling season in Korea","authors":"Soim Ryu ,&nbsp;Doowon Choi ,&nbsp;Chul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings have often failed to capture and respond to the varying thermal requirements of occupants. Previous studies have verified that the use of Personal Environmental Control System (PECS) systems offer alternative options for HVAC systems without an expensive investment in existing buildings. The PECS in office spaces can respond to the individual cooling needs of occupants and have potential to improve different occupants’ thermal comfort. However, there is still a lack of research on the effectiveness of the PECS application under different HVAC system operating conditions (i.e., cooling temperatures) and the identification of the characteristics on PECS user groups in buildings. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of cooling PECS devices on the thermal responses of the occupants at different indoor setpoint temperatures and compared the effectiveness of the different PECS devices. For this, four cooling PECS devices were selected for cooling specific body parts (i.e., neck, body core, upper body, thigh). The cooling PECS devices were assessed using different thermal metrics for 14 participants in a private office in a university with 24^°C of the university setpoint temperature and 28^°C of the recommended setpoint temperature for national energy conservation. The results showed that using cooling PECS in an office space during summer could mitigate local thermal discomfort and lower the vertical and horizontal indoor temperature asymmetry. Among the various PECS devices, the desk fan was identified as the most effective device based on multiple thermal comfort metrics. The findings of this study provide a reference for cooling PECS applications with HVAC systems and have immense potential for solving thermal distribution problems in commercial buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1434-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can artificial networks enhance second-order hybrid extended kalman filtering for energy management?","authors":"Jianyong Yu ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kateb Jumaah Al-Nussairi ,&nbsp;Mustafa Habeeb Chyad ,&nbsp;Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh ,&nbsp;Hossein Azarinfar ,&nbsp;Luma Sabah Munshid ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Wenti Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate state estimation is vital for effective energy management. This study introduces an integrated approach combining Second-Order Hybrid Extended Kalman Filtering (SO-HEKF) with artificial neural networks to enhance estimation accuracy in dynamic energy environments. Simulation results indicate up to 16.7 % improvement in estimation accuracy and a 12.4 % reduction in operational cost compared to standard SO-HEKF. The adaptive learning mechanism enables real-time adjustments under varying grid conditions. Case studies across renewable integration, load forecasting, and demand response scenarios confirm the method’s effectiveness in improving resource allocation, grid stability, and robustness. This integrated approach supports more reliable and intelligent energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1368-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep reinforcement learning-based control of thermal energy storage for university classrooms: Co-Simulation with TRNSYS-Python and transfer learning across operational scenarios","authors":"Giacomo Buscemi ,&nbsp;Francesco Paolo Cuomo ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Razzano ,&nbsp;Francesco Liberato Cappiello ,&nbsp;Silvio Brandi","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced controllers leveraging predictive and adaptive methods play a crucial role in optimizing building energy management and enhancing flexibility for maximizing the use of on-site renewable energy sources. This study investigates the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms for optimizing the operation of an Air Handling Unit (AHU) system coupled with an inertial Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank, serving educational spaces at the <em>Politecnico di Torino</em> campus. The TES supports both cooling in summer and heating in winter through the AHU’s thermal exchange coils, while proportional control mechanisms regulate downstream air conditions to ensure indoor comfort. The building’s electric energy demand is partially met by a 47 kW photovoltaic (PV) field and by power grid.</div><div>To evaluate the performance of DRL controllers, a co-simulation framework integrating TRNSYS 18 with Python was developed. This setup enables a comparative assessment between a baseline Rule-Based (RB) control approach, and a Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) Reinforcement Learning (RL) controller. The DRL controllers are trained to minimize heat pump (HP) energy consumption, strategically aligning operations with PV availability and electricity price fluctuations, while enforcing safety constraints to prevent temperature violations in the TES.</div><div>Simulation results demonstrate that the DRL approach achieved a 4.73 MWh reduction in annual primary energy consumption and a 3.2% decrease in operating costs compared to RB control, with electricity cost savings reaching 5.8%. To evaluate the controller’s generalizability, zero-shot transfer learning was employed to deploy the pre-trained DRL agent across different climatic conditions, tariff structures, and system fault scenarios without retraining. In comparison with the RB control, the transfer learning results demonstrated high adaptability, with electricity cost reductions ranging from 11.2% to 24.5% and gas consumption savings between 7.1% and 69.7% across diverse operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1349-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net zero energy buildings: An overview of passive and active designs","authors":"Mohammad Reza Maghami ,&nbsp;Alireza Maghoul ,&nbsp;Ka Fei Thang ,&nbsp;Senthilarasu Sundaram","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) represent a transformative approach to reducing energy demand and carbon emissions in the built environment. While their importance is increasing, NZEB adoption remains limited in many regions, underscoring the need for a clear understanding of design strategies and implementation barriers. This review synthesizes passive and active design approaches used in NZEBs, supported by a bibliometric analysis of 3962 research publications indexed in the Web of Science. A novel framework is introduced to map these strategies across key research clusters, highlighting global trends, research gaps, and cross-cutting themes. The study analyzes the interaction between passive methods (building orientation, natural ventilation) and active systems (Renewable energy integrations, energy storage, HVAC automation), identifying emerging pathways for smart, climate-resilient buildings. It also outlines research gaps as well as future priorities such as advanced building materials, AI-driven technologies, and performance monitoring across climate zones. Finally, the review emphasizes the need for strong policy and financial support—especially in developing countries—to accelerate NZEB deployment. By combining technical, methodological, and policy insights, this work provides a practical foundation for researchers, designers, and decision-makers working toward a low-carbon, energy-efficient future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1327-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling regional solar photovoltaic capacity in Europe: A data-driven approach for disaggregation, benchmarking, and forecasting","authors":"Hussah Alghanem ,&nbsp;Alastair Buckley","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has established it as a leading contributor to global renewable energy capacity. However, integrating solar PV into existing power grids presents significant challenges, primarily due to the variable nature of solar energy generation and the lack of accurate and complete data on installed PV capacity at the regional level. This study addresses this critical gap in capacity measurement by analysing the factors influencing regional solar PV deployment and developing models to estimate installed PV capacity across 333 regions of 36 European countries. We employed Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses to identify key geographic factors such as agricultural land area, solar irradiance and population, related to solar PV deployment. This informed the development of extreme gradient boosted parallel tree algorithm (XGBoost) models for estimating regional PV capacity. The models achieve a root mean squared capacity error (RMSE) of less than 272 MW, and explain more than 93% of the variation across 150 NUTS 2 EU regions. The models serve three primary purposes: disaggregating national PV capacity into regional figures, benchmarking inter- and intra-regional capacities, and forecasting future PV capacity distribution. The models presented in this study offer a comprehensive tool for policymakers and grid operators, enabling the design of more effective policy interventions and enhanced solar PV monitoring services. This research contributes to more sustainable and efficient energy planning in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11798,"journal":{"name":"Energy Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1283-1302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}