Toward a unified framework for electric vehicle infrastructure: Insights into charging management, communication and emerging technologies

The transportation sector remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a key strategy for mitigating this impact. However, scaling EV adoption requires an equally robust expansion and integration of charging infrastructure, which currently suffers from fragmented management systems and incompatible communication protocols. This paper systematically reviews the existing landscape of EV infrastructure, identifying gaps in charging efficiency, grid integration, and user accessibility. Through an analysis of EV simulation platforms, communication standards, and central management systems, we synthesize key insights into a unified framework that leverages emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI-driven optimization, and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, we propose strategies for enhancing scalability, including EV unification, gamification, and adaptive charging mechanisms. By providing a structured roadmap, this study serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders, offering actionable insights to optimize the EV ecosystem and accelerate the shift toward sustainable transportation.