Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"From bulk to bits: understanding the degradation dynamics from plastics to microplastics, geographical influences and analytical approaches.","authors":"Sofia Payel, Farshid Pahlevani, Anirban Ghose, Veena Sahajwalla","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The popularity of plastics in major application sectors is creating an increasing burden of pollutants in the environment in the forms of plastics and microplastics. More than 6 billion tons of plastics now reside in the environment, which is now an available source of secondary microplastics. Research focused on the degradation of plastics/microplastics dealing with different environmental conditions and their change in properties. Despite being a serious pollutant, sufficient resources are still missing for the transformation of secondary microplastics from large plastics and how to detect the level of degradation before this transition. This article's brief review provides insight into the current scenario of plastics, disposed waste plastics, management system, and their limitations. In addition, a detailed explanation of the transition of plastics to microplastics, their mechanism, and the effect of different geographical conditions on degradation is also demonstrated. Moreover, the available analytical techniques to understand the degradation index of different polymers are also described in addition to the future perspectives for research in this area. This review could provide valuable insight into the formation of microplastics from waste plastics and their mechanisms in addition to a comprehensive knowledge of the quantification of the degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"895-915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple physiological response analyses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to silver nanoparticles, ciprofloxacin, and their combination.","authors":"Natalí Romero, Silvina V Kergaravat, Luciana Regaldo, Silvia R Hernández, Amedea B Seabra, Fábio F Ferreira, Isabella M Lourenço, Guillermo R Castro, Ana M Gagneten","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) can be considered an alternative to combat multidrug-resistant microbial infections. However, knowledge about their combined toxicity after being released in an aquatic environment is scarce. This study evaluated the individual toxicity of AgNPs and CIP and their combined toxicity on the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris, evaluating cellular responses and conducting metabolomic analysis. The median effect concentrations at 96 h (EC50-96h) for AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture were 132 µg L-1, 7,000 µg L-1, and 452 µg L-1, respectively. Ciprofloxacin exhibited a synergistic effect with AgNPs. The toxic ranking for C. vulgaris was AgNPs > AgNPs + CIP > CIP. The growth rate was the most evident parameter of toxicity. Cell diameter significantly increased (p < 0.001) at 96 h for the highest concentrations tested of AgNPs, CIP, and the mixture, with increases of 24%, 41%, and 19%, respectively, compared with the control. Photosynthetic pigment analyses revealed that C. vulgaris upregulated chlorophyll, carotenoids, and pheophytin. Cell exposure to CIP caused an emergency response involving increased protein and carbohydrate concentrations to tolerate antibiotic stress. Exposure to AgNPs and CIP increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity, but the mixture decreased the activity. Silver nanoparticles increased malondialdehyde content in exposed cells due to fatty acid peroxidation. These pollutants revealed their potential risks in interfering with survival and metabolism. Our findings highlight the possible hazards of copollutants at environmentally relevant quantities, providing insights into the individual and combined ecotoxicity of AgNPs and CIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating and extrapolating the effects of different exposure routes for invertebrates: A case study with honeybees interpreting acute oral, acute contact, glass plate and chronic tests within one single framework.","authors":"Jan Baas, Dick Belgers, Anna Huang, Arrienne Matser, Ivo Roessink","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In indirect exposure tests for non-target arthropods, organisms are exposed to a compound on pre-treated glass plates or leaves to mimic exposure in the field. These tests are difficult to generalise because the effective dose that the organism received is unknown. This is unfortunate as this hampers further interpretation and integration of ecotoxicological tests in general. As proof of principle to show that indirect tests can be integrated with dose driven tests, an indirect test was carried out with honeybees, exposed to Imidacloprid and the results were compared with available more standard chronic oral, acute oral and acute contact test results. The three standard tests were used to calibrate and validate a ToxicoKinetic ToxicoDynamic model to obtain the toxicity parameters that link the dose to effects. Subsequently, the validated parameter set was used to calculate the dose of imidacloprid needed to obtain the effects observed in the indirect exposure test. This exercise showed that the model can be used to calculate the dose in a glass plate test, which implies that any of the tests can be used to predict the outcome of any other test. This is a first step of the development of a 'criss-cross risk assessment model, where both effect endpoints and exposure endpoints, can be combined.' This first step has great potential to use this predictive power to reduce bee testing and non-target arthropod testing in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on a novel reptilian toxicity test species, the brown anole (Anolis sagrei).","authors":"Christopher J Salice, Andrew East, Caitlin Weible, Charles Daniel Furst, Justin Rewerts, Christopher Heron, Jennifer Field","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a broad class of chemicals with high environmental persistence and growing ecological and human health concern. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is among the most detected PFAS in environmental sampling and is often at high concentrations and has been measured in a variety of ecological receptors from around the globe. Despite the prevalence of PFOS, there are still important data gaps with regard to toxicity. For example, although studies have confirmed PFOS accumulation in tissues of wild reptiles, reptilian laboratory toxicity data are lacking. The purpose of this study was, first, to develop toxicity testing protocols using the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, and, second, to conduct PFOS dosing studies to generate toxicity data to support ecological risk assessment of reptiles. We conducted two studies in which subadult males and then mature males were dosed with PFOS via pseudo-gavage with maximum doses in the range of 2 mg/kg/day. Subadults were exposed for 35 days and adult males were exposed for 90 days. Although no significant mortality was observed, subadult male size and growth rate were significantly affected by PFOS at 2.98 mg/kg/day with a corresponding no effect level of 0.20 mg/kg/day and corresponding 10% and 20% effect levels for growth rate of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/kg/day, respectively. There were no significant effects on size metrics of mature male anoles from the 90-day study, although several metrics showed dose-dependent decreases. These data may serve as the basis for toxicity reference values for use in ecological risk assessments of PFAS-contaminated sites in which reptiles may be exposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1080-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic response of an algal species (Raphidocelis subcapitata) exposed to 22 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.","authors":"Kevin M Flynn, Kendra Bush, Jenna Cavallin, Monique Hazemi, Alex Kasparek, Peter Schumann, Daniel L Villeneuve","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of chemicals of concern for both human and environmental health because of their ubiquitous presence in the environment, persistence, and potential toxicological effects. Despite this, ecological hazard data are limited to a small number of PFAS although there are over 4,000 identified PFAS. Traditional toxicity testing will likely be inadequate to generate necessary hazard information for risk assessment. Therefore, this study investigated the utility of using transcriptomic points of departure (tPODs) for informing PFAS algal toxicity. Raphidocelis subcapitata, a freshwater green algal species, were exposed for 24 hr in 96-well microplates to multiple concentrations of 22 different PFAS. Following exposure, RNA was extracted, and the transcriptome was evaluated by RNA sequencing followed by concentration response modeling to determine a tPOD for each PFAS. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance tPODs, based on measured concentrations, ranged from 0.9 µg/L for perfluorotridecanoic acid to 1 mg/L for perfluorononanoic acid. These values derived from R. subcapitata exposures were compared with published hazard benchmarks from other taxa (larval fathead minnow and Daphnia magna) and in vitro data. Although R. subcapitata was generally more sensitive to the tested PFAS than previously tested taxa and in vitro assays, the algal tPODs were, on average, three orders magnitude greater than the maximum concentrations of PFAS detected in Great Lakes tributaries. This high throughput transcriptomics assay with algae is a promising new approach method for an ecologically relevant tiered hazard evaluation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"995-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff and accumulation of microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer in Japanese paddy fields.","authors":"Naoya Katsumi, Takasei Kusube","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer-coated fertilizers, widely used in rice cultivation in Japan, contribute to reactive nitrogen management and agricultural productivity but are a source of microplastics in the environment. Here, we investigated microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer (microcapsule) runoff in Japanese paddy fields at 38 sites to quantitatively assess the behavior of microcapsules in paddy fields and to estimate the total amount of runoff and accumulation in Japan. We also examined the factors causing variations in the amount of runoff among paddy fields. Between 61% and 100% of microcapsule runoff during the irrigation period occurred between puddling and rice transplanting, with concentrations ranging from 2-482 mg/m2 in paddy fields. Water management practices and wind direction and speed explained the difference in runoff between plots. The total amount of microcapsules discharged from Japanese paddy fields during the irrigation season was estimated to be between 17 and 6,291 t (median 1,157 t) from the loads obtained in this study. According to fertilizer statistics and our results, total microcapsule accumulation on agricultural land in Japan was estimated to be 75,623 t. These results suggest that paddy fields in Japan will remain a long-term source of marine microplastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"935-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated ecotoxicological study reliability framework for use in toxicity value development.","authors":"Stephanie B Kennedy, Melissa M Heintz, William D Klaren, Daniele S Wikoff, Laurie C Haws, Seneca E Fitch","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key component of ecological risk assessments is to develop evidence-based benchmarks to assess potential hazards to various receptors. To ensure that toxicity value development is performed using the best available science, the reliability (or inherent scientific quality) of these studies must be considered. The degree of reliability can be evaluated via critical appraisal tools (CATs), although application of such methods assessing ecotoxicological literature for toxicity value development is not well established compared with human health assessments. A review of existing CATs revealed that there is currently no approach that considers the full range of biases that should be considered for appraisal of internal validity in ecotoxicological studies. Recognizing the need for a comprehensive ecotoxicity study assessment framework that addresses RoB for the interpretation of study reliability, we propose the ecotoxicological study reliability (EcoSR) framework. This framework builds on the classic RoB assessment approach, frequently applied in human health assessments. The EcoSR framewok adds reliability and key criteria specific to ecotoxicity studies from existing appraisal methods, emphasizing those used by regulatory bodies. Additionally, the framework recommends a priori customization based on assessment goals. The EcoSR framework is composed of two tiers: an optional preliminary screening (Tier 1) and a full reliability assessment (Tier 2). The framework outlines a systematic approach for conducting ecotoxicity study appraisals that enhances transparency and consistency in determining study reliability. The EcoSR framework provides flexibility and can be refined and applied to a variety of chemical classes. This framework represents a significant step towards improving the transparency and reproducibility of ecotoxicological study appraisals; ultimately, contributing to more informed and reliable toxicity value development within the ecological sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogenic activity of alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols in rainbow trout estrogen receptor binding and liver slices Vtg mRNA expression assays.","authors":"Mark A Tapper, Jeffrey S Denny, Barbara R Sheedy, Richard C Kolanczyk, Gavin Saari, Dean E Hammermeister, Will Backe, Jose Serrano","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols are industrial chemicals produced in large volumes. Little is known regarding the estrogenic activity of these chemicals in aquatic species. A series of para-alkyl substituted hexanones and hexanols with varying chain length and branching were tested in a suite of in vitro rainbow trout binding assays and in an ex vivo rainbow trout liver slice/vitellogenin (Vtg) expression assay to assess estrogenic potential. Furthermore, the extent of biotransformation of these chemicals under test conditions was monitored. Cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and 4-ethylcyclohexanol had no detectable estrogenic activity in these assays. Para substituted alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols with side chains containing three to six carbons were active in both assays. Alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols with other than para substitution were also estrogenic when tested in these assays. The binding affinity relative to estradiol in cytosol of active chemicals was low, ranging from 0.0016% to 0.000029%. Biotransformation of alkylcyclohexanones to alkylcyclohexanols occurred in the cytosol binding assay and in the liver slice assay, thus making those exposures a mixture of alcohol and ketone forms. Biotransformation did not occur in rainbow trout nuclear extract and recombinant binding assays; thus, the exposure in these assays was to only the dosed chemical. Both alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols bound to the estrogen receptor in these metabolically limited assays. Significant induction of Vtg mRNA expression was seen in slice exposed to chemicals with measurable binding affinities. Often the induction levels were below maximum efficacy and occurred at concentrations slightly lower than toxic concentrations. Therefore, while these chemicals produced an estrogenic effect, it is considerably weaker than that of the endogenous hormone and occurred at concentrations close to those which produce toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing chronic effects of chemical pollution on biodiversity using mean species abundance relationships.","authors":"Venja S A M Schoenke, Jiaqi Wang, Paul J Van den Brink, A Jan Hendriks","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because chemical pollution poses a persistent threat to freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity, innovative methodologies are required to address the ecological risks associated with such pollutants. This study predicts the long-term impacts of chemicals based on an equation that describes the time dependency of the median lethal and effect concentration (L(E)C50) with the critical body residue concept. This way, the methodology can predict species sensitivity distributions for any given time point. The methodology was extended to predict the mean species abundance relationships (MSAR) as an indicator of biodiversity. To test and validate the methodology, data from a case study with six freshwater arthropods exposed short- and long-term to imidacloprid were used. The potentially affected fraction of species (PAF) and its opposite (1-PAF) were used to validate the MSAR framework itself. The accuracy of the predicted chronic LC50 values was species-dependent. However, except for one species, all predicted chronic LC50 values were within the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the fits based on only acute data. The mean differences between the predicted and calculated MSARs were between 2% and 6%. The predicted MSARs generally underestimated the impact of imidacloprid. However, all predicted MSARs were either similar or lower than the calculated 1-PAF, and their CIs covered the calculated MSARs. Thus, the study found that the presented methodology is useful for predicting the long-term effects of chemical pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1134-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancestral bisphenol A exposure led to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sex-specific alterations in proline and bile metabolism pathways in the liver.","authors":"Sourav Chakraborty, Santosh Anand, Muhammad Numan, Ramji Kumar Bhandari","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgae081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgae081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can induce metabolic alterations, resulting in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease, which can be inherited by offspring inhabiting uncontaminated environments. Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, can induce endocrine disruption, leading to metabolic disorders in subsequent generations without further exposure to BPA via nongenetic transgenerational inheritance. Using medaka as an animal model, we reported that ancestral BPA exposure leads to transgenerational nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in grandchildren four generations after the initial exposure. It is unclear if transgenerational NAFLD developed because ancestral BPA exposure differs from that developed due to direct and continuous BPA exposure because the transgenerational disease develops in the absence of the stressor. We induced transgenerational NAFLD in medaka with ancestral BPA exposure (10 µg/L) at the F0 generation and examined transcriptional and metabolomic alterations in the liver of the F4 generation fish that continued to develop NAFLD. To understand the etiology of NAFLD in unexposed generations, we performed nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis in combination with bulk RNA sequencing and determined biomarkers, co-expressed gene networks, and sex-specific pathways triggered in the liver. An integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptional alterations revealed a positive association with the severity of the NAFLD disease phenotype. Females showed increased NAFLD severity and had metabolic disruption involving proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and bile metabolism pathways. The present results provide the transcriptional and metabolomic underpinning of metabolic disruption caused by ancestral BPA exposure, providing avenues for further research to understand the development and progression of transgenerational NAFLD caused by ancestral bisphenol A exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"958-972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}