Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Depletion of fenbendazole sulfone residues in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) liver following medicated feed treatment.","authors":"Brett J Henry, Cassandra Henry, Dhaval Patel, Matthew Z Brym, Aravindan Kalyanasundaram, Jeremiah Leach, Ronald J Kendall","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) are an important game bird that generates substantial revenue for rural communities and is also an important grassland conservation species. Unfortunately, northern bobwhite populations have been declining across their range for more than 50 years. In the southwest bobwhite range, parasites are suspected to contribute substantially to the decline. To test the relationship of parasites and wild northern bobwhite populations, an anthelmintic medicated feed was developed. The medicated feed was then tested as part of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration registration process. Because northern bobwhite are a game species and harvested birds are ingested by people, it was necessary to estimate the tissue clearance rate of the drug. This study examined how quickly the conjugated metabolite fenbendazole (FBZ) sulphone was cleared from quail liver. A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine clearance rate from pen-reared northern bobwhite fed the anthelmintic at 110 ppm in feed. Results of the tissue clearance study found the drug never exceeded the maximum allowable concentration of 6 ppm and was cleared from the liver in 9.38 hrs. Based on the Center for Veterinary Medicine guidance for industry #3, a 0-day withdrawal period was assigned to the recently registered medicated feed in wild northern bobwhite. Thus, the anthelmintic FBZ was shown to be rapidly cleared from northern bobwhite and represents a viable option for treating wild populations for parasite infections, while treated game birds remain safe for human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1545-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal/metalloid concentrations and multi-biomarkers in blood of Nile tilapia living in coastal lagoons near metallurgical industrial areas: an integrated evaluation.","authors":"Luana B Carvalho, Iara C Souza, Michelly P Soares, Magdalena V Monferrán, Daniel A Wunderlin, Silvia T Matsumoto, Marisa N Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic activity associated with metallurgy affects nearby aquatic ecosystems by contaminating them with metallic effluents (e.g., liquid and aerosols). This study evaluated the metal/metalloid contamination of two coastal lagoons with different physical and chemical water characteristics, Carapebus (brackish water) and Maembá (freshwater), located near metallurgical industries, and an aquaculture facility, Alegre (freshwater), located far away from the industries. The lagoons are in the state of Espirito Santo, the largest steel producer and iron ore exporter in Brazil. Relative condition factor (Kn) and multiple blood biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a common species in all sites, were evaluated in these sites. A total of 27 metals/metalloids were analyzed in water, sediment, and fish blood (cells and plasma). The hematological, immunological, physiological, and genetic biomarkers were analyzed in blood. Metal/metalloid concentrations varied in each matrix of each site. Fish from Maembá (site M1) had lower Kn, presented anemia, and had higher leukocytes and plasma lysozyme and glucose levels. Fish from Carapebus had higher micronucleus and cortisol levels. Fish from the lagoons exhibited higher respiratory leukocyte activity. Multivariate analysis separated Alegre from the two lagoons and emphasized the difference between them and fish responses. The correlation of some metals with erythrocyte DNA damage (Zn, Sr, Sn, and Ag), total leukocytes (Zn, Sr, Sn, Ag, V, Cr, and La), lymphocytes (Cu and Ni), and eosinophils and cortisol (Fe, As, and, Pb) in fish from Maembá and Carapebus showed that toxicity depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of water, which affect metal speciation. The interaction of abiotic factors and metals/metalloids in water also implies that fish adjust to maintain homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1596-1610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRTBee: a standalone calculator for time-reinforced toxicity according to European Food Safety Authority honeybee guidelines.","authors":"Neil Sherborne, Helen M Thompson, Roman Ashauer","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The revised European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance document for the risk assessment of plant protection products on honeybees requires an assessment of time-reinforced toxicity (TRT) using toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling. Although there are user-friendly software options available for this modeling, it is not specialized for this new application; therefore, conducting the TRT assessment still requires additional manual calculations. Here, we present TRTBee, a new, freely available tool that is capable of automatically performing all stages of the TRT assessment. The tool is based on robust and well-known algorithms. We conclude with a brief discussion of the open problems that still exist within the EFSA scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1497-1502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake and elimination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in earthworms exposed to spiked artificial soil or aqueous medium.","authors":"Guilherme R Lotufo, Robert E Boyd, Paige M Krupa, Zhao Yang, Jennifer E Guelfo, Michael Simini, Roman G Kuperman","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in earthworms (Eisenia andrei). Uptake kinetics and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were determined using a mixture of 16 PFAS by exposing earthworms to spiked artificial soil for up to 28 days. Two treatments were used, with the low treatment targeting environmentally relevant concentrations. The concentrations of PFAS remained relatively unchanged during the exposures and statistically significant rates of uptake were estimated for most individual PFAS. For the 0.01 mg/kg treatment (target concentration of each PFAS), steady state was reached for all PFAS except perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA), and perfluorotridecanoic acid. For the 0.01 mg/kg treatment, bioaccumulation factors (BAF; kg/kg-dry wt) ranged from 4-49 for most PFAS but were higher for PFHxS (72), PFTeDA (271), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (299). Organic carbon-normalized BAFs were within the range of published values. The BAF values increased with increasing length of the alkyl chain for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), but not for perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Uptake rates and BAFs were lower for the 1 mg/kg treatment, typically by over one order of magnitude, likely because of sublethal physiological impairment. Fast and steep decreases in tissue concentrations of PFAS occurred when earthworms were transferred to clean soil, even for long chain PFAS, agreeing overall with previous reports. However, measured elimination rates were faster than predicted from the uptake experiments and the causes remain unknown. Bioaccumulation of PFAS was also investigated in exposures to aqueous medium for up to 7 days to derive bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Comparison of BCFs and BAFs suggests that uptake from soil may have higher relevance than dermal uptake from porewater for long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1655-1671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do co-solvents used in exposure studies equally perturb the metabolic profile of Daphnia magna?","authors":"Salwa Hajir, Karl J Jobst, Sonya Kleywegt, André J Simpson, Myrna J Simpson","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissolution methods such as co-solvents are used to solubilize insoluble compounds in exposure experiments. Several exposure studies have followed the guidelines from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development where co-solvents are applied at 0.01% v/v of the total exposure volume. Although no observable apical endpoint abnormalities were reported following these guidelines, little is known about the molecular-level impacts of co-solvents used in exposure studies. A targeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to assess Daphnia magna responses to four commonly used co-solvents, including acetone (ACT), acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), at three different levels (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% v/v) over 48 hr. Based on the observed metabolic disruptions, exposure to MeOH and DMSO induced higher metabolic perturbations in amino acid levels and associated biochemical pathways in comparison to ACT and ACN exposures. However, as with mixtures, when co-solvents are combined with the pollutants under investigation, there is a possibility for additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. Hence, to examine the possible impairments in co-solvent and pollutant mixtures, ACT and ACN applied at 0.01% v/v were chosen to be tested with phenanthridine (PN). Daphnia magna exposure to PN dissolved in ACT had less disruptions; in contrast to PN prepared in ACN, which triggered a higher degree of antagonism in the D. magna metabolic profile. Consequently, exposing D. magna to ACT applied at 0.01% v/v resulted in the lowest metabolic perturbation in both parts of this study, suggesting that it is the least disruptive co-solvent for molecular-level exposure studies involving D. magna.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1622-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating and extrapolating the effects of different exposure routes for invertebrates: a case study with honeybees interpreting acute oral, acute contact, glass plate and chronic tests within one single framework.","authors":"Jan Baas, Dick Belgers, Anna Huang, Arrienne Matser, Ivo Roessink","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In indirect exposure tests for non-target arthropods, organisms are exposed to a compound on pre-treated glass plates or leaves to mimic exposure in the field. These tests are difficult to generalize because the effective dose that the organism received is unknown. This is unfortunate, because this hampers further interpretation and integration of ecotoxicological tests in general. As proof of principle to show that indirect tests can be integrated with dose-driven tests, an indirect test was carried out with honeybees exposed to imidacloprid and the results were compared with available, more standard chronic oral, acute oral, and acute contact test results. The three standard tests were used to calibrate and validate a ToxicoKinetic ToxicoDynamic model to obtain the toxicity parameters that link the dose to effects. Subsequently, the validated parameter set was used to calculate the dose of imidacloprid needed to obtain the effects observed in the indirect exposure test. This exercise showed that the model can be used to calculate the dose in a glass plate test, which implies that any of the tests can be used to predict the outcome of any other test. This is a first step in the development of a \"criss-cross risk assessment model, where both effect endpoints and exposure endpoints, can be combined.\" This first step has great potential to use this predictive power to reduce bee testing and non-target arthropod testing in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1758-1766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cumulative effects of aquaculture chemicals in sediment on adult sea urchin behavioral, immunological, and metabolomic endpoints.","authors":"Davide Asnicar, Lauren Jonah, Benjamin de Jourdan, Dounia Hamoutene","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmon aquaculture is a major economic activity in Atlantic Canada. The anti-sea lice therapeutant emamectin benzoate (EMB) and the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) are widely used in aquaculture and are detected in sediments around sites. The green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is an important benthic species in Canada that may be exposed to these compounds including organic matter near aquaculture sites. A central composite rotatable design was applied to investigate the potential effect of contaminant mixtures on adult green sea urchins during a 140-day exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of EMB, OTC, and organic matter (OM). Endpoints considered in this study included behavior (righting time) assessed every two weeks, immunology (coelomocyte characteristics and functionality) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) investigated at the end of the exposure. Metabolomic profiling was also carried out in the gonad tissue at the end of the exposure. Two test conditions were found to impact coelomocyte number and cell viability, but immunology fully recovered 80 days post-exposure. No other clear trends in the effect of EMB, OTC, and OM were found on other sea urchin immunological endpoints, nor righting time, GSI or metabolites concentrations. Our results suggest that there is no clear impact of the contaminant mixtures tested on urchins though interactions suggest complex mechanisms that require further testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1686-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is double-blind peer review detrimental to scientific integrity? Author's reply.","authors":"Christopher A Mebane","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"44 6","pages":"1451-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-specific ontogenetic drivers of mercury concentrations in American alligators.","authors":"Kristen J Zemaitis, Thomas R Rainwater, Yank Moore, Kimberly M Andrews, Benjamin B Parrott, James E Byers","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contaminant body burdens are determined by complex interactions between contaminant inputs into the environment, local ecological dynamics, and organismal ontogeny. Although a naturally occurring element, mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxin, commonly assessed in contaminant body burdens. Anthropogenic activity has affected its spatial distribution, resulting in regional \"hotspots\" with elevated Hg concentrations. Due to the propensity of methylated Hg to bioaccumulate within individuals over time and biomagnify across trophic levels, long-lived apex predators can carry substantial body burdens in affected ecosystems. However, the role of an organism's ontogeny and habitat in shaping individual Hg concentrations, especially within and across species, is not well understood. We assessed total Hg, carbon (δ13C), and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic ratios in whole blood samples (n = 133) across three distinct habitats in the southeastern United States to investigate how size and dietary shifts in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) influence Hg accumulation. Mercury concentrations were approximately eightfold higher in alligators inhabiting the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia (mean = 0.62 mg/kg) compared with those inhabiting coastal habitats (Jekyll Island, Georgia and Yawkey Wildlife Center, South Carolina). Whereas individual size and nitrogen isotope signatures generally displayed positive relationships with Hg concentrations, model selection approaches revealed these relationships varied across populations, likely in response to site-specific differences in environmental Hg concentrations and life history attributes of the alligators. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that although Hg concentrations in A. mississippiensis are highly influenced by differences between sites, diet and body size can sometimes additionally affect individual variation within populations, suggesting that organismal ontogeny interacts with site-specific contamination and ecological factors to affect Hg body burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1611-1621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of a medicated feed to treat parasites of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).","authors":"Cassandra Henry, Matthew Z Brym, James G Surles, Jeremiah Leach, Ronald J Kendall","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites are a significant health concern for livestock and domestic animals, and much effort has been invested in the development, testing, and implementation of treatments. There has, however, been relatively little done to treat wild animal populations for parasites. Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a species of conservation interest that could benefit from anti-parasite treatment. Currently, there are no anthelmintics approved for wild game birds in the United States, and target animal safety data needs to be provided to support the registration of an anthelmintic that can be administered to wild bobwhite as part of the approval process. The purpose of this research was to test the safety of fenbendazole at a recommended concentration of 100 parts per million (ppm) for 21 days in feed. One hundred and sixty 8-week-old bobwhite were randomly assigned to a diet of 0, 100, 200, or 300 ppm for 63 days. Birds were monitored twice daily for overt signs of intoxication, and body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion were determined for each pen. At the end of the study, three birds from each pen were randomly selected to be assessed for feather abnormalities, hematology, blood chemistry, necropsy, and histopathology. There were no treatment-related mortalities. There were also no treatment-related effects on body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, feathering, hematology, blood chemistry, gross pathology, or histopathology. This study indicates that fenbendazole at 100 ppm for 21 days in feed is safe for bobwhite and represents the first drug approved for use in a free-ranging wildlife species that is commercially available and registered by the United States Food and Drug Administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1552-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}