Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Alabama Freshwater Gastropod Species to Nickel Exposure.","authors":"Andrew Barrick, Sean Parham, Paul Johnson, Shannon Brewer, Tham Hoang","doi":"10.1002/etc.5985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snails are effective bioindicators due to their prolific distribution, high level of endemism, and capacity to accumulate contaminants. Freshwater snails have unique ecological niches which are imperiled by land-use change and the introduction of hazardous chemicals. To assess how environmental alterations affect gastropods, lab-based studies are needed to characterize the toxicity of specific stressors. This can help guide policy decisions and remediation efforts. The aim of this research was to characterize acute toxicity of nickel (Ni) on endemic snails (Somatogyrus georgianus [Walker, 1904], Elimia cahawbensis [Lea, 1861], and Elimia spp.) and measure the accumulation of Ni and mineral elements including calcium (Ca), magnesium, potassium, and sodium (Na). Snails were exposed to six concentrations (25-800 µg/L) of Ni for 96 h. Among the studied snail species, E. cahawbensis was the most sensitive to Ni, with the lowest lethal concentration where 50% of the organisms died (LC50) at 88.88 µg/L Ni after 96 h. The LC50 at 96 h for S. georgianus was 167.78 µg/L Ni, and 393.13 μg/L Ni for Elimia spp. Except for Elimia spp., mortality of the other two snail species corresponded to the whole-body uptake of Ni. Nickel exposure also influenced Ca and Na uptake for Elimia spp. All three endemic species are potential candidate species for evaluating localized effects of human activities, and the present study provides a first step in characterizing how snails would be affected by environmental alterations. More research could further characterize potential effects of other human stressors on these endemic snail species. Future research into subindividual responses and routes of exposure can further elucidate variations in species sensitivity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Modeling in Metal Risk Assessment: Extrapolation of Toxicity Tests to the Population Level.","authors":"Karel P J Viaene, Karel Vlaeminck, Simon Hansul, Sharon Janssen, Kristi Weighman, Patrick Van Sprang, Karel A C De Schamphelaere","doi":"10.1002/etc.5966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population models can be a useful tool for ecological risk assessment to increase ecological realism. In the present study, population models were used to extrapolate toxicity test results of four metals (Ag, Cu, Ni, Zn) to the population level. In total, three primary producers, five invertebrate species, and five fish species were covered. The ecological modeling-based laboratory to population effect extrapolation factor (ECOPEX factor), defined as the ratio of the predicted 10% effect concentration (EC10) at the population level and the observed EC10 for the laboratory toxicity test, ranged from 0.7 to 78.6, with a median of 2.8 (n = 27). Population modeling indicated clearly higher effect concentrations in most of the cases (ECOPEX factor >2 in 14 out of 27 cases), but in some cases the opposite was observed (in three out of 27 cases). We identified five main contributors to the variability in ECOPEX factors: (1) uncertainty about the toxicity model, (2) uncertainty about the toxicity mechanism of the metal, (3) uncertainty caused by test design, (4) impact of environmental factors, and (5) impact of population endpoint chosen. Part of the uncertainty results from a lack of proper calibration data. Nonetheless, extrapolation with population models typically reduced the variability in EC10 values between tests. To explore the applicability of population models in a regulatory context, we included population extrapolations in a species sensitivity distribution for Cu, which increased the hazardous concentration for 5% of species by a factor 1.5 to 2. Furthermore, we applied a fish population model in a hypothetical Water Framework Directive case using monitored Zn concentrations. This article includes recommendations for further use of population models in (metal) risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-21. © 2024 SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Workers' Day: Consumption Patterns of Morphine, Codeine, and Methamphetamine in Urban and Rural Areas Based on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.","authors":"Wen Li, Jianjiang Lu, Haijun Zhao, Jie Zhao, Yujun Yan, Yan Xu","doi":"10.1002/etc.5987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a reliable means to estimate drug consumption in a specific population. By measuring the concentration of drug residues or metabolites in wastewater, the consumption behavior pattern of a specific population can be deduced. Using the WBE method, the present study, for the first time, continuously monitored the differences in the consumption of morphine (MOR), codeine (CODE), and methamphetamine (METH) in three wastewater-treatment plants in a city and two surrounding villages in Xinjiang, China during International Workers' Day and the following week. The wastewater samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methamphetamine was not detected in rural areas and was detected only on International Workers' Day in urban areas. According to the estimation of per capita consumption, the per capita consumption of MOR, CODE, and METH in urban inhabitants was 12.04 to 23.39, 10.44 to 16.39, and 1.31 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The per capita consumption of MOR and CODE in rural areas was 5.19 to 8.35 and 2.56 to 3.52 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The consumption of MOR in urban and rural areas was significantly higher than that of CODE and METH. During International Workers' Day, workdays, and weekends, the consumption of MOR and CODE in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas. Compared with those on weekends, the consumption of urban MOR and CODE increased more during International Workers' Day. The consumption of MOR in urban areas showed a weekend effect. The present study can provide information for subsequent research and government departments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-9. © 2024 SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Risk Assessment of Time-Variable Toxicant Exposure with Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Modeling of Sublethal Endpoints and Moving Time Windows: A Case Study with Ceriodaphnia dubia.","authors":"Carlo Romoli, Marie Trijau, Erik B Muller, Liubov Zakharova, Roland Kuhl, Anja Coors, Neil Sherborne, Benoit Goussen, Roman Ashauer","doi":"10.1002/etc.5975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling has received increasing attention in terms of the regulatory environmental risk assessment of chemicals. This type of mechanistic model can integrate all available data from individual-level bioassays into a single framework and enable refined risk assessments by extrapolating from laboratory results to time-variable exposure scenarios, based, for instance, on surface water exposure modeling (e.g., FOCUS). Dynamic energy budget (DEB) models coupled with TKTD modules (DEB-TKTD) constitute the leading approach to assess and predict sublethal effects of chemicals on individual organisms. However, thorough case studies are rare. We provide a state-of-the-art example with the standard aquatic test species Ceriodaphnia dubia and the fungicide azoxystrobin, including all steps, from bespoke laboratory toxicity tests to model calibration and validation, through to environmental risk assessment. Following the framework proposed in the European Food Safety Authority Scientific Opinion from 2018, we designed bespoke good laboratory practice-compliant laboratory toxicity studies based on test guideline 211 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and then identified robust parameter values from those data for all relevant model parameters through model calibration. The DEB-TKTD model, DEBtox2019, then informed the design of the validation experiment. Once validated, the model was used to perform predictions for a time-variable exposure scenario generated by FOCUS. A moving time-window approach was used to perform the environmental risk assessment. This assessment method reduces uncertainty in the risk assessment while maintaining consistency with the traditional measures of risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-13. © 2024 Syngenta Crop Protection AG. ibacon GmbH and The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Diet on the Sensitivity of Hyalella azteca to an \"Eco-friendly\" Deicing Agent.","authors":"Paige Kohler, Rebecca E Yates, Greysen R Tomlinson, Amanda D Harwood","doi":"10.1002/etc.5988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salting of roadways contaminates local waterways via snowmelt and precipitation runoff, eliciting various toxicological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Recently, \"eco-friendly\" deicing alternatives have been introduced in hopes of mitigating environmental impacts of deicing agents, while maintaining human safety. These \"eco-friendly\" alternatives may pose their own set of environmental concerns that require further study. While the potential toxicity of road salts has been evaluated for various aquatic species, the environmental factors that may influence this toxicity are less understood; and for emerging deicing alternatives, there is a lack of literature documenting these potential implications. For aquatic organisms, the highest exposure to road salts may coincide with reduced food availability, namely during the winter months. The present study evaluates the effect of a conditioning diet on the sensitivity of adult Hyalella azteca to an \"eco-friendly\"-labeled beet deicer (Snow Joe MELT Beet-IT). Various conditioning diets were examined, including TetraMin^TM, TetraMin and diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii) combinations, and TetraMin and conditioned Acer sacharum leaves. For each diet type, 48- and 96-h water-only toxicity bioassays were conducted with adult H. azteca. These results were compared to organisms which experienced a 96-h starvation period prior to exposure and culture organisms. Diet types representing excess quality and quantity of food significantly decreased the toxicity of beet deicer to the organisms. However, starvation likely increases the toxicity of road salts to H. azteca. Therefore, the quantity and quality of food available to H. azteca may influence their sensitivity to deicing agents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-8. © 2024 SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AOP Report: An Upstream Network for Reduced Androgen Signaling Leading to Altered Gene Expression of Androgen Receptor-Responsive Genes in Target Tissues.","authors":"Monica K Draskau, Anna K Rosenmai, Nora Bouftas, Hanna K L Johansson, Eleftheria M Panagiotou, Marie L Holmer, Emilie Elmelund, Johanna Zilliacus, Anna Beronius, Pauliina Damdimopolou, Majorie van Duursen, Terje Svingen","doi":"10.1002/etc.5972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) can aid with chemical risk assessment by providing plausible links between chemical activity at the molecular level and effect outcomes in intact organisms. Because AOPs can be used to infer causality between upstream and downstream events in toxicological pathways, the AOP framework can also facilitate increased uptake of alternative methods and new approach methodologies to help inform hazard identification. However, a prevailing challenge is the limited number of fully developed and endorsed AOPs, primarily due to the substantial amount of work required by AOP developers and reviewers. Consequently, a more pragmatic approach to AOP development has been proposed where smaller units of knowledge are developed and reviewed independent of full AOPs. In this context, we have developed an upstream network comprising key events (KEs) and KE relationships related to decreased androgen signaling, converging at a nodal KE that can branch out to numerous adverse outcomes (AOs) relevant to androgen-sensitive toxicological pathways. Androgen signaling represents an extensively studied pathway for endocrine disruption. It is linked to numerous disease outcomes and can be affected by many different endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Still, pathways related to disrupted androgen signaling remain underrepresented in the AOP-wiki, and endorsed AOPs are lacking. Given the pivotal role of androgen signaling in development and function across vertebrate taxa and life stages of both sexes, this upstream AOP network serves as a foundational element for developing numerous AOPs. By connecting the upstream network with various downstream AOs, encompassing different species, it can also facilitate cross-species extrapolations for hazard and risk assessment of chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-9. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Herbicide Drift Effects on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Seedling Growth of Native Plants of the Northern Great Plains.","authors":"Gabrielle A Bolwerk, Gregory A Cooper, A Joshua Leffler, Lora B Perkins","doi":"10.1002/etc.5982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small concentrations of herbicide, such as those found in drift, can affect nontarget plants at different life-history stages including seed germination and seedling emergence as well as seedling growth. Fragmented landscapes, such as those in the northern Great Plains, lead to increased proximity of ecological restoration sites to agricultural lands using herbicides. Germination, emergence, and growth are crucial life-history stages leading to ecological restoration success, but these stages are sensitive to impacts from external factors such as herbicide exposure. A lab germination experiment and a greenhouse emergence experiment were performed to examine the effect of herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], atrazine, and trifluralin) on species used in ecological restorations in the northern Great Plains. Seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling growth of many study species decreased with exposure to herbicides at different concentrations representative of herbicide drift. At concentrations as low as 0.1% recommended application rate 2,4-D elicited broad effects on final seed germination percentage and germination rate. Atrazine affected seedling emergence and growth for a number of study species at concentrations as low as 10% recommended application rate. Trifluralin affected germination, emergence, and growth of the fewest number of study species. The information gained from these experiments can be used to inform restoration practitioners of best practices and recommended species to use when implementing ecological restoration adjacent to agricultural lands. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Mixture Effects of Ni, Cu, and Zn in a Multispecies, Two-Trophic-Level Algal-Daphnid Microcosm Can Be Predicted From Single-Trophic-Level Effects: The Role of Indirect Toxicity.","authors":"Andreas Fettweis, Simon Hansul, Erik Smolders, Karel De Schamphelaere","doi":"10.1002/etc.5970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effect assessments of metals are mostly based on single-metal, single-species tests, thereby ignoring metal-mixture effects and indirect effects through species interactions. We tested the combined effects of metal and species interactions in two-trophic algal-daphnid microcosms. Metal-mixture effects on daphnid communities may propagate from effects on the generally more sensitive algal communities. Four different algal communities (three species each), with and without addition of the same daphnid community (three species) were exposed to single metals and one metal mixture (17:17:51 µg/L Ni:Cu:Zn). Daphnid densities were negatively affected by metals in the two-trophic test, the magnitude of which depended on the algal community composition. Algal densities were overall positively affected by the metals in the two-trophic test but negatively in the single-trophic test, illustrating an indirect positive effect in the two-trophic system due to a reduced grazing pressure. Metal effects on daphnid communities in the two-trophic test (day 21) were correlated with metal effects on the single-trophic-level algal communities during exponential growth (R² = 0.55, p = 0.0011). This finding suggests that metal effects propagate across trophic levels due to a reduced food quantity. However, the indirect positive effects on algal densities, resulting in abundant food quantity, suggests that metal effects can also propagate to daphnids due to a reduced food quality (not measured directly). Metal-mixture interactions on daphnid densities varied during exposure, but were additive or antagonistic relative to independent action when final daphnid densities were considered (day 56). This suggests stronger indirect effects of the mixture compared with the single metals. Overall, our study highlights the dynamic aspect of community-level effects, which empirical reference models such as independent action or concentration addition cannot predict. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-15. © 2024 SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Flow-Through System for the Macrophyte Growth Inhibition Test (OECD 239) Including Photosynthetic Activity Measurement to Determine Early Effects.","authors":"Joëlle Lousberg, Jost Hanfland, Lena Alix Kosak, Sebastian Eilebrecht, Benedikt Ringbeck, Karsten Schlich","doi":"10.1002/etc.5983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining constant exposure concentrations during ecotoxicological studies while testing rapidly degradable substances is a challenge. To achieve stable concentrations during exposure, flow-through systems are used. To assess the impact of substances on higher aquatic plants, the 14-day macrophyte water-sediment Myriophyllum spicatum growth inhibition test (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD, 2014a] test guideline 239) only includes a static or a semistatic test design. The main aim of our study was to investigate the applicability of a flow-through system for M. spicatum. The standard OECD test design was miniaturized, and a flow-through system with spill-over was developed to achieve stable exposure concentrations of a rapidly degrading substance. The main endpoints were total shoot length and fresh and dry weight. Photosynthetic activity was used as an endpoint for the identification of early effects using the noninvasive Image-Producing Pulse Amplitude Modulation (IMAGING-PAM) procedure. Atorvastatin (AV; fast degrading) and bentazone (BT; photosynthesis inhibitor) were used as model substances to observe differences of the effect concentration depending on the test design. At higher exposure levels of AV, stronger necrosis combined with lower effect concentrations was observed in the flow-through test compared with the semistatic test, indicating the applicability of the flow-through test for evaluating degradable substances. The test with BT demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in the photosynthetic yield (Y(II)) from day 3 onward even before macroscopically visible changes occurred. Our results show that the flow-through system in the macrophyte growth inhibition test (OECD test guideline 239; 2014a) is a suitable alternative when one is testing rapidly degradable substances such as AV. In addition, we showed that photosynthetic yield can serve as a supplementary endpoint, when one is testing substances with photosynthesis inhibition as a mode of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-12. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}