Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Metal Mixtures on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Field.","authors":"Adam Peters, Stijn Baken S, Christopher Cooper, Elizabeth Middleton, Jasim Chowdhury, Yamini Gopalapillai","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns about the toxic effects of chemical mixtures have led to regulatory organisations considering how best to address exposures to complex mixtures in the environment. The ubiquitous nature of metals means that they are always present in the environment, even if only at very low levels. It is appropriate to consider whether the mixtures of commonly regulated metals in the environment are likely to cause adverse effects on ecosystems if the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for all the individual metals are complied with. The total risk from four metals (copper, lead, nickel, and zinc) was evaluated in terms of the potential effects on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities from the UK. The total risk was expressed as the sum of the individual Risk Characterisation Ratios for each metal (∑RCR). The ecological data are expressed relative to predicted reference conditions to provide an Ecological Quality Ratio, which indicates whether the local community has been affected by any stressors by comparison to unimpacted reference conditions. Very high metal exposures, expressed as the ∑RCR value, were found to be associated with reduced ecosystem diversity. However, a 10% reduction in community diversity relative to the predicted unimpacted reference conditions is expected to occur only at ∑RCR values of greater than 8 ∑RCR units. This indicates that in 'real world' situations, where a suite of inorganic and organic pollutants may be present, if the EQS for each of the individual metals is complied with (in this case, a ∑RCR value no higher than 4), there will likely not be any observable impact on benthic invertebrate community diversity despite the presence of these metals and other contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Activated Carbon on the Bioaccumulation of Methylmercury from Sediment by the amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus.","authors":"Susan Kane Driscoll, Cynthia C Gilmour, Steven S Brown, Sara Nedrich, Guilherme R Lotufo, J Daniel Farrar, Jeffery A Steevens, Grace Schwartz, James P Sanders","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the potential for activated carbon (AC) amendments to reduce the bioavailability of methylmercury (MeHg) in field collected sediments. To do so, we adapted a standard 28-day bioaccumulation bioassay with the benthic invertebrate, Leptocheirus plumulosus, to address challenges associated with assessing the dynamic nature of MeHg biogeochemistry and the difficulty of testing a heavily vegetated marsh sediment. After method development, we compared the bioavailability of MeHg in unamended sediment, sediment amended with powdered AC, and sediment amended with the commercial AC product, SediMite. A subsequent study compared the bioavailability of MeHg in unamended sediment, sediment freshly amended with AC, and sediment amended with AC almost two years prior to the start of this study. AC amendments consistently reduced the bioavailability of MeHg to L. plumulosus, as indicated by a 2- to 4-fold decrease in the biota-sediment-accumulation-factor (BSAF), which normalizes tissue concentrations to sediment concentrations. However, AC amendments increased sediment MeHg concentrations in 5 of 7 studies, apparently by altering the balance between MeHg production and degradation. As a result, the net effect of AC amendment on absolute concentrations of MeHg in amphipods was mixed, with moderate reductions at some time points in some experiments but increasing concentrations or no effect in other cases. AC amendments significantly decreased Hg and MeHg in porewater in all cases, however. A literature review of BSAFs for other studies was also conducted. The mechanism by which AC influences the physical and biogeochemical drivers of net methylation and concentrations of MeHg in sediment remain unclear. Any potential use of AC for mercury remediation should undergo site-specific testing before implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigeneration responses of the springtail folsomia candida to short-chain per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS).","authors":"Ge Xie, Michiel H S Kraak, J Arie Vonk, Thimo Groffen, Lieven Bervoets, Cornelis A M van Gestel","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-chain per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely distributed in the environment, but their chronic effects on soil organisms exposed over multiple generations remain largely unknown. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the toxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and its precursor perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA) to the springtail Folsomia candida during five successive generations, with adult survival (LC50), reproduction (EC50_repro), and population growth rate (EC50_r) as endpoints. The LC50 and EC50_r of PFBS were above the highest test concentration (1300 mg/kg dry soil) for all generations, while the EC50_repro was 1260 and 762 mg/kg dry soil in F2 and F4, respectively, though the difference was not significant owing to wide 95% confidence intervals. In contrast, FBSA exhibited significant reproductive toxicity and thereby affected population growth rate, with LC50, EC50_repro and EC50_r values of 10.3, 1.14, and 1.67 mg/kg dry soil in F0, respectively. The extinction of the populations exposed to the two highest FBSA concentrations (8.85 and 88.3 mg/kg dry soil) in F0 hindered toxicity assessment in subsequent generations, with only an EC50_repro of 0.965 mg/kg dry soil determined in F1. Although the effect concentrations were above environmental levels, the more pronounced reproductive toxicity made FBSA over 1140 and 1350 times more toxic to F. candida reproduction than PFBS in F0 and F1, respectively. These findings reveal that understudied PFAS may pose hidden risks, and emphasize the need to expand the currently limited spectrum of PFAS considered in environmental risk assessment. This study also highlights the value of long-term hazard assessment of PFAS in multigeneration scenarios, which could better capture the potential risks posed by these very persistent chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does biochar amendment of e-waste contaminated soil improve earthworm growth and reproduction?","authors":"Sophie Rella Tenonfo Ngouefack, Patricia Bi Asanga Fai","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inadequate management of e-waste at informal recycling sites contaminates soil with metals. Biochar offers agricultural and environmental benefits, but its effects on soil fauna remain poorly understood. We evaluated biochar's effects on the growth and reproduction of the earthworm, Alma nilotica (Grube, 1855), to determine an application level that mitigates harmful effects of e-waste contaminants without harming soil organisms. Biochar was prepared from dried maize cobs using a closed drum technique at 500-530 °C. Effects on earthworm growth and reproduction were assessed using Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guidelines (OECD) test methods. Results indicated that growth and reproduction were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, by up to 50 ± 6.4% and 68.2 ± 6.6%, respectively, at a 5% application rate without e-waste contaminants. Earthworm length was more sensitive to the e-waste contaminants than weight, showing disproportionate growth. A dose-dependent growth and reproduction inhibition was also observed in biochar-amended e-waste contaminated soil, giving growth and reproduction (Inhibitory Concentration (IC) IC50s (95% CI) of 3.75 (3.25-4.30)% and 2.1 (1.9-2.3)% biochar, respectively. Biochar amendment of e-waste soil at 1% significantly improved earthworm growth (2.2 times longer) and reproduction (5 times more offspring) compared to the unamended soil, unlike at 5% biochar amendment, where growth and reproduction were not different from the unamended soil. These findings underscore the importance of considering optimal biochar dosage in soil amendments to enhance earthworm growth and reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls as agonists and non-agonists of estrogen receptors using linear discriminant analysis and decision tree models.","authors":"Lukman K Akinola, Adamu Uzairu, Gideon A Shallangwa, Stephen E Abechi, Abdullahi B Umar","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are potential endocrine disruptors due to their interaction with nuclear receptors. However, experimental evaluation of their estrogenic activity is costly and time-consuming, limiting data availability. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were constructed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and decision tree (DT) with both 2D autocorrelation and Arithmetic Residuals in K-groups Analysis (ARKA) descriptors to classify OH-PCBs as agonists or non-agonists of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). For the ERα dataset, the training, test, and cross-validation set accuracies were 89.2%, 84.0%, and 88.0% for the LDA model developed with 2D autocorrelation descriptors (Model I); 89.2%, 72.0%, and 84.9% for the DT model developed with 2D autocorrelation descriptors (Model II); 89.2%, 80.0%, and 87.0% for the ARKA-based model (Model V). AUC-ROC values of 0.959, 0.903, and 0.954 were obtained for Models I, II and V respectively. For the ERβ dataset, the training, test, and cross-validation set accuracies were 90.5%, 84.0%, and 87.9% for the LDA model constructed with 2D autocorrelation descriptors (Model III); 89.2%, 68.0%, and 83.9% for the DT model constructed with 2D autocorrelation descriptors (Model IV); 87.8%, 80.0%, and 84.9% for the ARKA-based model (Model VI). AUC-ROC values of 0.966, 0.892, and 0.945 were obtained for Models III, IV, and VI respectively. Overall, the QSAR models reported in this paper provide a reliable and efficient approach for screening OH-PCBs for estrogenic activity, offering valuable tools for environmental risk assessment, with ARKA descriptors serving as effective alternatives to conventional descriptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in river water, lake water, sewage effluent, tap water and groundwater in Japan.","authors":"Norihiro Kobayashi, Yuko Tsuchiya, Yuki Kosugi, Toshinari Suzuki","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely detected in aquatic environments. However, recent studies on the environmental occurrence of currently used PPCPs in Japan are limited. In this study, a nationwide monitoring initiative focusing on PPCPs was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and fate of PPCPs in aquatic environments in Japan. A total of 700 samples were collected and analyzed from 2018 to 2022. Ninety-one PPCPs were detected in the analyzed samples. Three PPCPs [N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), salicylic acid, and crotamiton] were detected at particularly high frequencies, with a prevalence exceeding 99% of analyzed samples. Seasonal variations were observed for several PPCPs across multiple rivers, with concentrations generally increasing during fall/winter and decreasing during spring/summer (except DEET) throughout the sampling period. The detection frequencies and concentrations were higher in PPCPs with higher domestic prescription amounts. Some PPCPs, such as acetylsalicylic acid, exhibited low frequencies and concentrations despite high domestic prescription amounts, suggesting transformation into metabolites or degradates in the aquatic environment. The contribution of sewage treatment plant effluent to the PPCP concentrations in the environment was estimated by examining the correlation between each PPCP and sucralose concentration. Sewage effluents appeared to be a significant contributor to the majority of target PPCPs; however, DEET and certain other PPCPs may originate from alternate sources. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive assessment of the occurrence and fate of PPCPs in Japan's aquatic environment. Future research should assess the environmental and human health risks of these PPCPs and identify the occurrence of their metabolites or degradates in the aquatic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific differences in mercury and organochlorine pesticide concentrations in Arctic and boreal fishes.","authors":"Eugenie Jacobsen, Tanya Brown, David Cote, Maxime Geoffroy","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversity and complexity of Arctic fish communities increases as boreal species expand their range poleward in response to changing environmental conditions. In turn, borealization of fish communities modifies the species composition of Arctic food webs, trophic interactions, and distribution of contaminants. Contaminants in marine fish and how they vary as a function of feeding ecology and location in Arctic and boreal regions is lacking. Here we assessed the drivers of total mercury (THg) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in boreal capelin (Mallotus villosus), glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), blue hake (Antimora rostrata), and abyssal grenadier (Coryphaenoides armatus) from the northwest Atlantic and eastern Canadian Arctic. We also examined regional differences in THg concentrations in Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) across the Canadian Arctic. Length/δ15N and species were the most important determinants of THg concentrations in all fishes, with habitat (δ13C and δ34S) also playing a small role. While most OCPs varied by species, only three varied positively by trophic position (ie, ΣParlar, ΣDDT, and Dieldrin), and one varied by location (ie Dieldrin). Generally, demersal fishes had higher Hg and OCP concentrations than pelagic fishes. Mercury concentrations in Arctic cod were higher in the western than the eastern Canadian Arctic, likely due to increased atmospheric inputs in the Beaufort Sea. Given the likely shift to pelagic systems and the replacement of Arctic residents with less contaminated boreal species (e.g. Arctic cod to capelin), we expect Hg to decrease in Arctic food webs with borealization. In contrast, since OCPs did not vary between Arctic and boreal species, we expect little influence of borealization on OCP concentrations in Arctic fishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing fish embryo tests for endocrine disruptor testing: assessing endocrine adversity in non-protected life stages.","authors":"Dries Knapen, Lucia Vergauwen, Lisa Baumann, Henrik Holbech","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatotoxic impact of diphenyl ether on zebrafish: DNA damage, oxidative stress, and histopathological insights after acute and subchronic exposure.","authors":"Shiv Kumar, Pooja Chadha","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been emerged as a major environmental pollutant, being used as an additive flame retardant in various kinds of products including electronic devices (computers and TV sets), upholstery, carpets, plastics, textiles and building materials. They can undergo the degradation process to form less brominated or low brominated diphenyl ether (BFRs) in the environment. In current study, genotoxic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural scanning electron microscopy (SEM) changes in liver tissue of zebrafish were studied after acute and subchronic exposure of diphenyl ether (DE). The zebrafish were exposed to 2.13 mg/L DE (¼ median lethal concentration [LC50]) and 4.25 mg/L DE (½ LC50) for acute toxicity assessment and to 425 μg/L DE (1/20th LC50) and 850 μg/L DE (1/10th LC50) for subchronic toxicity study. After acute and subchronic exposure of DE, % tail intensity in liver tissue was found to be significantly increased in a concentration and duration dependent manner. The malondialdehyde content, glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity in liver tissue were found to be significantly elevated after acute and subchronic exposure of DE whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was found to be depleted in the liver tissue of zebrafish. The histological observations revealed various types of alterations including aggregation of hepatocytic nuclei, necrosis, vacuolization, sinusoidal dilation, disintegrated hepatocytes, erythrocytic infiltration etc in liver tissue of zebrafish after DE exposure. The SEM analysis showed the changes in the surface of liver tissue such as multiple pore formation, swelling in hepatocyte, necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes after acute and subchronic exposure of DE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not-so-simple patterns of neonicotinoids and diamides in small Prairie streams: Implications for assessing risk and understanding pesticide dynamics.","authors":"Caitlin Watt, John-Mark Davies, Claudia Sheedy, Jonathan K Challis","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Year-round neonicotinoids detections in waterways pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and drinking water supplies. Neonicotinoids, and increasingly diamides, are being used in the Canadian Prairies, but there is a paucity of detection and concentration data in streams and rivers. We report on neonicotinoids and diamides in 16 streams in southern Saskatchewan, Canada between 2017 and 2019. Approximately half of all samples had measurable levels of at least one insecticide, generally below guidelines. Thiamethoxam was most frequently detected across sites (42%), followed by clothianidin (18%) and imidacloprid (9%), while diamide detections differed with location. Most samples with detections contained at least one of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, or imidacloprid (98%). About 15% of samples between 2018 and 2019 detected diamides reflecting their increasing use in Canada. While thiamethoxam and clothianidin concentrations were similar between rain events and snowmelt, their average daily loads were greatest during snowmelt (p < 0.05); suggesting overwintering and spring freshet as a significant source to streams. Generally, agriculturally intensive sub-watersheds dominated by canola and cereals had higher neonicotinoid concentrations, yet crop cover and sites explained a small proportion of the variance. Neither site, crop, flow, or year considerably accounted for the large variation in detections, suggesting a complexity of factors. Based on probability distributions, exceedances of 7-15% were observed for thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid when compared to a highly protective chronic predicted no-effect concentration guideline value, suggesting limited acute or chronic risk in these systems. The variation of insecticide concentrations reflects crop practices, precipitation, prairie hydrology, agricultural practices, and environmental conditions, and highlights the need for improved monitoring across Canada to better understand processes affecting their distribution and risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}