Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Salt-Masked Micro/Nano-Plastics: A Seasonal Study of Contaminants in Coastal Waters of Matagorda Bay using Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Morphological Techniques.","authors":"Ruaa Al-Mezrakchi, Daniel Adrian, Noor Al-Ramthan, Angel Guzman, Adam B Mitchell, Rajani Srinivasan, Marconi A Azadah, Elizabeth A Everett","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water samples from seven Matagorda Bay locations were collected in spring, summer, and fall to assess micro- and nano-plastics contamination. Samples were oxidatively digested (30% H2O2), filtered, dried, and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy FT-IR ATR, Raman spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC, and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy SEM-EDS. The identification of micro- and nano-plastics in estuarine waters is complicated by high salinity and inorganic matrices that can obscure or mask polymeric signals. To address this challenge, an integrated analytical approach was employed, combining vibrational spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and electron microscopy to compensate for the limitations of individual techniques. While surface-sensitive and element-specific methods were influenced by salt encapsulation, differential scanning calorimetry provided complementary bulk thermal evidence of polymeric materials embedded within the inorganic matrix. The spectra consistently showed peaks at ∼3300, 1630, and 1100 cm-1, indicating amine and hydrocarbon groups associated with synthetic polymers. The thermograms of DSC for fall and summer revealed three melting transitions (∼105-110 °C, ∼150 °C, ∼220 °C), consistent with polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, and high-melting polyamides PA or polystyrene PS. By contrast, spring samples showed only two transitions (∼85-95 °C, 140-150 °C), suggesting absence of some micro/nano-plastic materials. The outcomes of SEM-EDS demonstrated that the dried residues were dominated by inorganic salts (sodium Na, magnesium Mg, calcium Ca, sulfur S, chlorine Cl) with little detectable carbon, implying micro- and nano-plastic particles were embedded in a salt matrix. Overall, the data suggests the presence of common plastics (PE, PP, PVC, PA) in Matagorda Bay waters, with possible seasonal variation. The prevalent salt background highlights analytical challenges in detecting plastics in estuarine samples. Combining DSC technique alongside SEM-EDS and FT-IR show micro/nano-plastic particles encapsulation within inorganic salt. These findings underscore the plastic pollution in this coastal system and the need for rigorous monitoring and improved isolation of microplastics from saline matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) show subtle changes in the cellular stress response following exposure to microplastics in large in-lake mesocosms.","authors":"Ludovic Hermabessiere, Alyssa Weinrauch, Sabrina Zaidi, Elli T Hung, Garth A Covernton, Desiree Langenfeld, Rachel N Cable, Cody Veneruzzo, Diane M Orihel, Jennifer F Provencher, Michael D Rennie, Kenneth M Jeffries, Chelsea M Rochman","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics are found worldwide and are ingested by a wide range of organisms, yet the drivers of toxicity of these common environmental contaminants are still not fully understood. To better understand the contribution of plastic additives in the toxicity of microplastics to organisms, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were exposed for 9 weeks to additive-free or additive-containing microplastics using in-lake pelagic mesocosms. Microplastics were fragments (37 to 1408 µm) of polymers commonly used in consumer plastics (linear low density polyethylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate). One objective of this work was to understand the contribution of additives to the overall toxicity of microplastics on yellow perch using targeted gene expression analysis via qPCR. After 9 weeks of exposure, fish were sampled and whole fish were assessed for selected metal additives (aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and bismuth (Bi)), and liver and gonads were assessed for gene expression analysis. No significant differences of metal contamination in fish tissue exposed to microplastics with additives was detected in comparison with fish exposed to plastic without additives or the control. While only limited effects on gene expression were observed, our work revealed that the genes hsp90aa and mgst1 in livers and mhc-I in gonads were differentially expressed when fish were exposed to microplastics with or without additives in comparison with the control fish. This finding indicated cellular stress and detoxification responses to microplastic exposure. Overall, there was no clear pattern demonstrating that toxic effects on fish were driven by either the physical or chemical aspects of the microplastics. Future work should measure the accumulation of the organic additives and assess the health of organs using histopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AOP report: Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Developmental Androgen Signalling-Inhibition Leading to Hypospadias.","authors":"Emilie Elmelund, Monica K Draskau, Henrik Holbech, Terje Svingen","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report summarizes an adverse outcome pathway network (AOPN) describing how reduced androgen signaling during fetal life may lead to hypospadias in male offspring. Hypospadias is a penile malformation caused by disrupted masculinization of the genital tubercle. Under normal physiological conditions, androgen action promotes differentiation of the genital tubercle to a penis in male fetuses. Suboptimal androgen receptor (AR) signaling can impair genital tubercle development, causing hypospadias in humans and other mammals. In rodent toxicity studies, including Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline studies for reproductive toxicity, hypospadias is assessed as an adverse outcome (AO). This report presents three adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) (AOP-wiki IDs 477, 570, 571), each with distinct upstream events representing anti-androgenic mechanisms. Downstream, the pathways converge at the nodal key event (KE)-1614 'decrease, AR activation' and share AO-2082 'hypospadias'. This report provides assessments of all three AOPs (477, 570, and 571), including one new KE (2082), and three new key event relationships (KERs 2828, 3350, and 3488) not previously reported. The three KERs, connecting upstream events non-adjacently with the AO, were developed using a systematic weight-of-evidence approach. Overall, empirical evidence for the AOPs is strong, with few exceptions or uncertainties. The AOPN is considered applicable to male mammals, but supporting data comes primarily from rodent and human studies, hence the applicability domain is currently restricted to these species. While quantitative understanding remains limited, the AOPN establishes robust mechanistic links between anti-androgenic activity and hypospadias, providing a foundation for future efforts to quantify KERs and develop predictive methods based on upstream events, often measured in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chronic Clothianidin Exposure on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Development.","authors":"Jacob A Schmid, Matthew Hogue, Jeremias Aguilar-Cardoza, Roman Parpart, Michael R Minicozzi","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural run-off is one of the leading sources of environmental pollution in the United States. Insecticides and neonicotinoids have become the most used insecticide class across the world and act as an agonist on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Clothianidin is one of the most applied neonicotinoids, yet few studies have investigated its chronic effects on fishes. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are particularly vulnerable as a non-target species, as their habitats frequently overlap with areas of agricultural activity. This study exposed developing rainbow trout (15-100 days post fertilization, dpf) to environmentally relevant concentrations of Clothianidin (0, 0.3, 3, 30 μg/L) and analyzed the effects on gross spinal abnormality development, swimming performance, behavior, kidney, and muscle histology. Spinal abnormality was analyzed upon mortality of individuals before 72 dpf. At 72 dpf, rainbow trout were randomly selected and euthanized for histological analysis, Swimming performance was conducted on individuals aged 72-93 dpf, followed by behavioral analysis (97-100 dpf). The highest concentration group showed decreased swimming performance and increases in gross spinal abnormalities compared to the control. Clothianidin exposure also caused a significant decrease in myofiber size in the lowest and highest concentration group and a significant increase in inter-myofiber distance in the two highest concentration groups compared to the control. Chronic Clothianidin exposure did not alter behavior nor kidney development. These data show a clear connection that atrophied muscle likely leads to decreases in swimming performance. Because rainbow trout are highly motile species, decreases in swimming performance, coupled with increase in spinal abnormalities pose a threat to survivability and migration of this important economic and ecologically relevant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially toxic trace elements in bee pollen collected around a former municipal waste deposit site.","authors":"Samira Stalder, René Nussbaumer, Marion Fracheboud, Benoît Droz, Adrien Mestrot, Christina Kast","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potentially toxic trace elements (PTTEs) pose a risk to living organisms. We used honey bees (Apis mellifera) to explore differences in PTTE contamination levels between two study sites. Two apiaries with five bee colonies each were studied: The experimental apiary was located at a former waste deposit site (Witzwil; Switzerland), and the control apiary was 4.5 km away in the neighbouring area (Bellechasse; Switzerland). Pollen was collected from colonies from May to August 2022 and 2023, and we developed an analytical method to assess 22 PTTEs. We quantified 19 PTTEs in at least one of the pollen samples (n = 80), with maximal levels recorded for Mn (298.8 mg/kg), B (95.1 mg/kg), Zn (63.4 mg/kg), Cu (19.2 mg/kg), Rb (17.7 mg/kg), Ba (11.1 mg/kg), and Sr (3.2 mg/kg). Most notably, site-specific and seasonal variations were observed. For example, in June, pollen at the Witzwil site had statistically significant higher average concentrations of PTTEs-Mn (204.6 ± 53.1 mg/kg), Rb (13.9 ± 2.3 mg/kg), Ba (6.7 ± 2.2 mg/kg), and Ni (1.8 ± 0.4 mg/kg)-than the Bellechasse apiary, with Mn (74.2 ± 67.1 mg/kg), Rb (5.6 ± 2.0 mg/kg), Ba (4.4 ± 2.5 mg/kg), and Ni (1.1 ± 0.5 mg/kg). By contrast, the levels of several PTTEs (e.g., Mn, Ba, and Ni) were similar in July and August in both apiaries. For maximal Cu, Cd, Cr levels in pollen, we expect no increased acute oral toxicity to adult honey bees above the expected mortality levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cypermethrin and PFOS Co-Exposure: Synergistic Immunotox-icity in Ex Vivo Stimulated Whole Blood of Nile Tilapia (Oreo-chromis niloticus).","authors":"Regina Aparo, Sabrina Natale, Carmelo Iaria, Alessio Filippo Peritore, Rosalia Crupi, Giovanni Lanteri, Fabiano Capparucci","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental contaminants pose an increasing threat to aquatic organisms, with potential consequences for fish health, aquaculture, and food safety. This study investigated the cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using ex vivo Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures and whole blood assays. High concentrations of PFOS and CYP reduced PBMC viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with CYP exhibiting stronger cytotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related oxidative burst (NBT) and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that PFOS (10 μM) and CYP (1 μM) induced oxidative stress and modulated the expression of antioxidant Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytokine cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) genes, indicating disruption of immune regulation. Importantly, co-exposure to sub-toxic concentrations of PFOS (1 μM) and CYP (100 nM) elicited significant cytotoxic and immunotoxic responses, including reduced PBMC viability, increased MPO and MDA levels, increased oxidative burst activity and nitrite production, and altered gene expression. These effects were comparable to those induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory control, suggesting a potential interaction between the two contaminants. While single exposures at these concentrations were largely inactive, the combined treatment revealed the enhanced toxic potential of chemical mixtures in aquatic environments. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of evaluating combined exposures, as interactions between environmental contaminants may pose greater risks to fish health, aquaculture sustainability, and food safety than individual pollutants alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzodiazepine Contamination in Surface Waters: Sources, Quantification and Bioremediation.","authors":"Adéla Lamaczová, Eliška Maršálková, Klára Odehnalová, Radka Opatřilová, Petra Přibilová, Blahoslav Maršálek","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical contamination of surface water is a serious concern, posing a threat to the ecosystem stability. This study focuses on assessing the occurrence and environmental impact of diazepam and its active metabolites oxazepam, temazepam and nordazepam in two Czech rivers, identifying the main sources of pollution, and evaluating the effectiveness of root-zone wastewater treatment plant in removing these contaminants. Benzodiazepines were detected in 72% to 100% of the water samples, with oxazepam concentrations peaking at 67.50 ng/L, particularly at the conventional wastewater treatment plant effluent. While root-zone plants are often reported to be effective in removing organic pollutants, the investigated plant failed to effectively remove oxazepam, likely due to insufficient maintenance. Ecotoxicological assessments revealed that multiple sites exhibited hazard quotient values of moderate to high environmental risk, suggesting the persistence and bioaccumulative nature of these contaminants. The findings highlight the limitations of current wastewater treatment technologies in fully eliminating benzodiazepines, which continue to be detected even after treatment, leading to potential long-term ecological consequences. This research calls for the development and implementation of more effective, scalable, and cost-efficient wastewater treatment solutions to reduce pharmaceutical pollution, and for an ongoing monitoring of aquatic environments to protect freshwater resources and safeguard biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited evidence of elevated microplastics in lower trophic levels downstream of wastewater treatment plants.","authors":"C M Wardlaw, K A Kidd, B G Perrotta, W Khwaja, B Koseck, M Dang, R S Prosser","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater treatment plants perform an important role in removing biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and some contaminants from municipal wastewaters, yet they are suggested to be a major contributor of microplastics (plastic particles ≤ 5 mm) to aquatic systems. Once there, microplastics may accumulate in sediments and biofilms, therefore posing a risk to benthic macroinvertebrates. This study examined the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in municipal wastewater effluents, as well as sediments, biofilms, and three families of aquatic insects to assess the source of microplastics and potential exposures to primary consumers. Effluent samples were collected from eight wastewater treatment plants (sites) in the Grand River watershed, Ontario, Canada, and sediment, biofilm and aquatic insects (Hydropsychidae, Heptageniidae, Chironomidae) were taken upstream and downstream of each facility. Effluents were filtered, sediments were density separated with CaCl2, biofilm and aquatic insects were digested using H2O2, and microplastics were counted and chemically confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fibres were the most common morphology across pooled sample types (94% in effluent, 87% in sediment, 68% in biofilm, 75% in Hydropsychidae, 90% in Heptageniidae and Chironomidae) and were mainly organic material and polyester. Across the treatment plants, effluents ranged from 14.36-50.5 microplastics per L. Higher microplastic abundances were found at four and five of eight downstream locations for biofilm and sediment, respectively. For insect families Hydropsychidae and Heptageniidae, abundances were higher downstream of three of eight sites. No differences were found between up- and downstream sites for Chironomidae. No significant correlations were observed between microplastic abundances in basal resources and aquatic insect consumers. Overall, results suggest that wastewater treatment plants increased microplastics in basal resources (biofilm and sediment) in some downstream areas, but there was little evidence of increased uptake in effluent-exposed consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Gd3+ concentration drives the accumulation of Gd and its subsequent toxicity to the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.","authors":"Aissatou Y Sow, Duc Huy Dang, Claude Fortin","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of Gd-based contrast agents for medical imaging analyses has led to extensive enrichment of Gd in aquatic systems, which is often quantified as positive Gd anomalies. This study aims at evaluating the bioavailability and toxicity of Gd3 + and two Gd-based contrast agents (GBCA: Gd-DTPA and Gd-BT-DO3A) on the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the presence and absence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Growth inhibition tests were performed over 72 hours at pH 6. The chemical equilibrium software Visual MINTEQ was used to calculate the speciation of Gd in exposure media and verify the applicability of the biotic ligand model. Limited bioaccumulation of Gd was detected when algae were exposed to Gd-DTPA or Gd-BT-DO3A, both in the presence and absence of DOM. As for inorganic Gd, the presence of DOM decreased Gd toxicity. The 72 h-EC50 values based on the total concentration of Gd were estimated at 3.7 [2.9-4.7] µM of Gd for the exposure to Gd without DOM and 6.6 [5.9-7.5] µM of Gd in the exposure with DOM. Internalized Gd by cells and estimated free ion concentrations were strongly linked to toxicity, which confirms the applicability of the biotic ligand model. Moreover, the 72 h-EC50 estimations based on free Gd3 + ion concentrations were statistically indistinguishable at the 95% confidence level for the exposure conditions with and without DOM: 1.0 [0.6-2] µM and 2.1 [1.4-3.1] µM, respectively. These results highlight the central role of chemical speciation determination in assessing the ecotoxicity of metals and that the free Gd ion drives its toxicity to the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From fashion to the marine environments: Adverse effects of textile microfibers on Crassostrea gasar.","authors":"Laís Adrielle De Oliveira Santos, Letícia Fernanda da Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo do Nascimento Gonçalves, Julia Lino Duz, Milton Alexandre Cardoso, Thiago Felicíssimo Turíbio de Camargo, Beatriz Barbosa Moreno, Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil Choueri, Fábio Ruiz Simões, Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira, Caio Rodrigues Nobre, Renata de Britto Mari","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by textile microfibers is a growing concern. Because bivalves continuously filter large volumes of water, they are particularly vulnerable to microfiber exposure, making them important indicators of emerging pollutants. The ingestion of microfibers by marine organisms can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the food chain, putting higher trophic levels at risk. This study evaluated the sublethal effects of three textile microfiber types and a mixed-fiber treatment (conventional cotton, polyester, their mixture and, organic cotton) at two exposure concentrations, a wastewater-impacted hotspot concentration (0.11 mg. L-1) and a higher level (1.00 mg. L-1), on the gills, and digestive gland, of Crassostrea gasar across 7, 14, and 21 days. Responses were assessed using biomarkers of biotransformation, antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and survival rate. Exposure to microfibers induced multi-system toxicity with organ-specific response patterns. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased in the gills but decreased in the digestive gland, whereas lipid peroxidation and DNA damage occurred in both organs. In addition, survival decreased significantly in oysters exposed to conventional cotton and mixed fibers at both concentrations (Log-rank test: cotton, P = 0.0302; mix, P = 0.0247). Among the evaluated microfiber types, organic cotton elicited the most pronounced integrated sublethal responses, as shown by notable biochemical and cellular disturbances. However, conventional cotton and mixed fibers had a more significant impact on survival, indicating that the microfiber hazard varies depending on the biological endpoint considered. These findings demonstrate that both natural and synthetic textile microfibers impair C. gasar's redox and cellular homeostasis, leading to oxidative damage and reduced survival, underscoring their ecological relevance as emerging contaminants, and the magnitude and dynamics of this toxicity depend on fiber type and exposure duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}