Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Board and Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 10","pages":"2087-2090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pesticide Application Method, Timing, and Rate on Contamination of Nectar with Systemic and Nonsystemic Pesticides","authors":"Vanesa Rostán,&nbsp;Patrick C. Wilson,&nbsp;Sandra B. Wilson,&nbsp;Edzard van Santen","doi":"10.1002/etc.5989","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5989","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to pesticides is one potential factor contributing to the recent loss of pollinators and pollinator diversity. Few studies have specifically focused on the relationship between pesticide management during ornamental plant production and contamination of nectar. We evaluated contamination of nectar in Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’ (<i>Salvia longispicata</i> M. Martens &amp; Galeotti × <i>S. farinacea</i> Benth.) associated with applications of the systemic insecticide thiamethoxam, and the nonsystemic fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin. Applications were made at the labeled rates for the commercially available products, and we compared the influence of application method (drench vs. spray), timing (relative to flowering), and rate (low vs. high) for each pesticide. Nectar was sampled using 50-µL microcapillary tubes and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicate that concentrations from the spray application resulted in the least contamination of nectar with the systemic thiamethoxam, with lower concentrations occurring when thiamethoxam was applied before blooming at the lowest rate. Concentrations of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin were detected in nectar in all treatments (regardless of the method, timing, or rate of application), and ranged from 3.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL (spray-applied before blooming, low rate) to 1720.0 ± 80.9 ng/mL (drench-applied after blooming, high rate). Residues of clothianidin in nectar ranged from below quantification limits (spray-applied before blooming, low rate) to 81.2 ± 4.6 ng/mL (drench-applied after blooming, high rate). Drench applications resulted in the highest levels of nectar contamination with thiamethoxam, and exceeded published median lethal concentrations (LC50s/median lethal doses for native bees and/or honeybees in all cases). Spray treatments resulted in nectar concentrations exceeding published LC50s for some bee species. In comparison, all nonsystemic treatments resulted in concentrations much lower than the published no-observable-effect doses and sublethal toxicity values, indicating low risks of toxicity. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2616–2627. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 12","pages":"2616-2627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Effects and Ingestion of Several Pristine Microplastics in Two Early Life Stages of Freshwater Mussels","authors":"Yaryna M. Kudla,&nbsp;Moira M. Ijzerman,&nbsp;C. James Bennett,&nbsp;Patricia L. Gillis,&nbsp;Karen A. Kidd,&nbsp;Ryan S. Prosser","doi":"10.1002/etc.5993","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microplastics have been found in freshwater systems, and in turn have been detected in freshwater bivalves. However, there is limited research that defines the toxicity of microplastics to native freshwater bivalves that have long been imperiled in North America. Our objective was to determine whether a suite of pristine microplastics has an adverse effect on two early life stages of unionid freshwater mussels. Glochidia of <i>Lampsilis fasciola</i> (a Canadian species at risk) and <i>Lampsilis siliquoidea</i> (widespread across Canada) were individually exposed to spheres of polystyrene (6 and 90 μm), polyethylene (28, 90, and 1000 μm), and cellulose acetate (1000 μm), as well as fibers of polyethylene terephthalate (60 μm). After 24 h, there was no significant decrease in glochidia viability in either species. Juvenile <i>L. siliquoidea</i> mussels were also exposed to spheres of polystyrene (6 and 90 μm) and polyethylene (28 μm), and fibers of polyethylene terephthalate (60 μm) in individual 28-day subchronic tests followed by a 7-day depuration period. Burial was assessed weekly, and ingestion of each microplastic was compared in nondepurated and depurated mussels. There was no sustained effect on juvenile burial with any microplastic tested. Ingestion of microplastics was concentration dependent, and depuration occurred for all particles and size ranges tested. The results suggest that pristine microplastics were not acutely toxic to the early life stages of these freshwater mussels, but that the energetic costs associated with particle uptake and depuration, which were not measured in our study, may have an impact on fitness that warrants further investigation. In addition, testing with other shapes and polymers of microplastics typically detected in the environment is recommended. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2557–2568. © 2024 The Author(s). <i>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 12","pages":"2557-2568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SolBeePopecotox: A Population Model for Pesticide Risk Assessments of Solitary Bees","authors":"Amelie Schmolke,&nbsp;Nika Galic,&nbsp;Vanessa Roeben,&nbsp;Thomas G. Preuss,&nbsp;Mark Miles,&nbsp;Silvia Hinarejos","doi":"10.1002/etc.5990","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In agricultural landscapes, solitary bees occur in a large diversity of species and are important for crop and wildflower pollination. They are distinguished from honey bees and bumble bees by their solitary lifestyle as well as different nesting strategies, phenologies, and floral preferences. Their ecological traits and presence in agricultural landscapes imply potential exposure to pesticides and suggest a need to conduct ecological risk assessments for solitary bees. However, assessing risks to the large diversity of managed and wild bees across landscapes and regions poses a formidable challenge. Population models provide tools to estimate potential population-level effects of pesticide exposures, can support field study design and interpretation, and can be applied to expand study data to untested conditions. We present a population model for solitary bees, SolBeePop_{<i>ecotox</i>}, developed for use in the context of ecological risk assessments. The trait-based model extends a previous version with the explicit representation of exposures to pesticides from relevant routes. Effects are implemented in the model using a simplified toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic model, BeeGUTS (GUTS = generalized unified threshold model for survival), adapted specifically for bees. We evaluated the model with data from semifield studies conducted with the red mason bee, <i>Osmia bicornis</i>, in which bees were foraging in tunnels over control and insecticide-treated oilseed rape fields. We extended the simulations to capture hypothetical semifield studies with two soil-nesting species, <i>Nomia melanderi</i> and <i>Eucera pruinosa</i>, which are difficult to test in empirical studies. The model provides a versatile tool for higher-tier risk assessments, for instance, to estimate effects of potential exposures, expanding available study data to untested species, environmental conditions, or exposure scenarios. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2645–2661. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 12","pages":"2645-2661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 10","pages":"C1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Environmental Contaminants: Uncovering Reaction Mechanisms, Identifying Novel Products, and Understanding Environmental Implications","authors":"Carrie A. McDonough,&nbsp;Shira Joudan,&nbsp;Natalia Soares Quinete,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/etc.5994","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5994","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Thousands of synthetic substances are released into the environment through industrial processes, waste disposal, product usage, and other human activities, presenting a serious challenge for environmental risk assessors (Persson et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Chemicals that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) or persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) are often prioritized as potential contaminants of concern (Arp &amp; Hale, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). However, some chemicals are not persistent outright, but rather transform in the environment or in biota with poorly understood implications for PBT/PMT (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Cwiertny et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Zahn et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The potential for chemicals to transform into unknown products that are similarly or more toxic or persistent than the parent is often not considered in environmental risk assessment. In many cases, the disappearance of a chemical is taken to mean that risks associated with the parent substance have been attenuated, with no consideration of the potential for harmful transformation products. Predicting chemical reactivity, describing transformation reactions, and identifying transformation products are all essential to truly understand risks posed by environmental contaminants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many previous studies have demonstrated the formation of unexpected transformation products in indoor and outdoor environments and in engineered systems (e.g., wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities). These products are typically overlooked because they are not targeted by traditional chemical analyses. For example, formation of novel chlorinated byproducts from various organic compounds during drinking water treatment can result in novel toxic chemicals in treated water, posing a human health risk (Cochran et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Wong et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). In addition, transformation of organophosphates from plastics via oxidation and hydrolysis formed several novel products that were tentatively identified in an indoor environment using nontarget analysis (Kutarna et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Conversely, unknown parent chemicals can transform into known toxic products and are also often overlooked in environmental risk assessment; this is often (although not always) the case for per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs; Joudan et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Xiao et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chemical transformation also occurs through a variety of biological processes. Microbial communities cause transformations in natural and engineered systems (Cook et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Fenner et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Metabolic reactions occurring in vivo also transform chemicals, often enhancing their solubility, their mobility, and potentially their reactivity, with implications for toxicity and for biomonitoring in humans and wildlife (Joudan et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Phillips et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Rand &amp; Mabury, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Rates an","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 11","pages":"2249-2251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Alabama Freshwater Gastropod Species to Nickel Exposure","authors":"Andrew Barrick,&nbsp;Sean Parham,&nbsp;Paul Johnson,&nbsp;Shannon Brewer,&nbsp;Tham Hoang","doi":"10.1002/etc.5985","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5985","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snails are effective bioindicators due to their prolific distribution, high level of endemism, and capacity to accumulate contaminants. Freshwater snails have unique ecological niches which are imperiled by land-use change and the introduction of hazardous chemicals. To assess how environmental alterations affect gastropods, lab-based studies are needed to characterize the toxicity of specific stressors. This can help guide policy decisions and remediation efforts. The aim of this research was to characterize acute toxicity of nickel (Ni) on endemic snails (<i>Somatogyrus georgianus</i> [Walker, 1904], <i>Elimia cahawbensis</i> [Lea, 1861], and <i>Elimia</i> spp.) and measure the accumulation of Ni and mineral elements including calcium (Ca), magnesium, potassium, and sodium (Na). Snails were exposed to six concentrations (25–800 µg/L) of Ni for 96 h. Among the studied snail species, <i>E. cahawbensis</i> was the most sensitive to Ni, with the lowest lethal concentration where 50% of the organisms died (LC50) at 88.88 µg/L Ni after 96 h. The LC50 at 96 h for <i>S. georgianus</i> was 167.78 µg/L Ni, and 393.13 μg/L Ni for <i>Elimia</i> spp. Except for <i>Elimia</i> spp., mortality of the other two snail species corresponded to the whole-body uptake of Ni. Nickel exposure also influenced Ca and Na uptake for <i>Elimia</i> spp. All three endemic species are potential candidate species for evaluating localized effects of human activities, and the present study provides a first step in characterizing how snails would be affected by environmental alterations. More research could further characterize potential effects of other human stressors on these endemic snail species. Future research into subindividual responses and routes of exposure can further elucidate variations in species sensitivity. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2578–2588. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 12","pages":"2578-2588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Modeling in Metal Risk Assessment: Extrapolation of Toxicity Tests to the Population Level","authors":"Karel P. J. Viaene,&nbsp;Karel Vlaeminck,&nbsp;Simon Hansul,&nbsp;Sharon Janssen,&nbsp;Kristi Weighman,&nbsp;Patrick Van Sprang,&nbsp;Karel A. C. De Schamphelaere","doi":"10.1002/etc.5966","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Population models can be a useful tool for ecological risk assessment to increase ecological realism. In the present study, population models were used to extrapolate toxicity test results of four metals (Ag, Cu, Ni, Zn) to the population level. In total, three primary producers, five invertebrate species, and five fish species were covered. The ecological modeling–based laboratory to population effect extrapolation factor (ECOPEX factor), defined as the ratio of the predicted 10% effect concentration (EC10) at the population level and the observed EC10 for the laboratory toxicity test, ranged from 0.7 to 78.6, with a median of 2.8 (<i>n</i> = 27). Population modeling indicated clearly higher effect concentrations in most of the cases (ECOPEX factor &gt;2 in 14 out of 27 cases), but in some cases the opposite was observed (in three out of 27 cases). We identified five main contributors to the variability in ECOPEX factors: (1) uncertainty about the toxicity model, (2) uncertainty about the toxicity mechanism of the metal, (3) uncertainty caused by test design, (4) impact of environmental factors, and (5) impact of population endpoint chosen. Part of the uncertainty results from a lack of proper calibration data. Nonetheless, extrapolation with population models typically reduced the variability in EC10 values between tests. To explore the applicability of population models in a regulatory context, we included population extrapolations in a species sensitivity distribution for Cu, which increased the hazardous concentration for 5% of species by a factor 1.5 to 2. Furthermore, we applied a fish population model in a hypothetical Water Framework Directive case using monitored Zn concentrations. This article includes recommendations for further use of population models in (metal) risk assessment. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2308–2328. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 11","pages":"2308-2328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Workers' Day: Consumption Patterns of Morphine, Codeine, and Methamphetamine in Urban and Rural Areas Based on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology","authors":"Wen Li,&nbsp;Jianjiang Lu,&nbsp;Haijun Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Zhao,&nbsp;Yujun Yan,&nbsp;Yan Xu","doi":"10.1002/etc.5987","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a reliable means to estimate drug consumption in a specific population. By measuring the concentration of drug residues or metabolites in wastewater, the consumption behavior pattern of a specific population can be deduced. Using the WBE method, the present study, for the first time, continuously monitored the differences in the consumption of morphine (MOR), codeine (CODE), and methamphetamine (METH) in three wastewater-treatment plants in a city and two surrounding villages in Xinjiang, China during International Workers' Day and the following week. The wastewater samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Methamphetamine was not detected in rural areas and was detected only on International Workers' Day in urban areas. According to the estimation of per capita consumption, the per capita consumption of MOR, CODE, and METH in urban inhabitants was 12.04 to 23.39, 10.44 to 16.39, and 1.31 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The per capita consumption of MOR and CODE in rural areas was 5.19 to 8.35 and 2.56 to 3.52 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The consumption of MOR in urban and rural areas was significantly higher than that of CODE and METH. During International Workers' Day, workdays, and weekends, the consumption of MOR and CODE in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas. Compared with those on weekends, the consumption of urban MOR and CODE increased more during International Workers' Day. The consumption of MOR in urban areas showed a weekend effect. The present study can provide information for subsequent research and government departments. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2569–2577. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 12","pages":"2569-2577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Risk Assessment of Time-Variable Toxicant Exposure with Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Sublethal Endpoints and Moving Time Windows: A Case Study with Ceriodaphnia dubia","authors":"Carlo Romoli,&nbsp;Marie Trijau,&nbsp;Erik B. Muller,&nbsp;Liubov Zakharova,&nbsp;Roland Kuhl,&nbsp;Anja Coors,&nbsp;Neil Sherborne,&nbsp;Benoit Goussen,&nbsp;Roman Ashauer","doi":"10.1002/etc.5975","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling has received increasing attention in terms of the regulatory environmental risk assessment of chemicals. This type of mechanistic model can integrate all available data from individual-level bioassays into a single framework and enable refined risk assessments by extrapolating from laboratory results to time-variable exposure scenarios, based, for instance, on surface water exposure modeling (e.g., FOCUS). Dynamic energy budget (DEB) models coupled with TKTD modules (DEB–TKTD) constitute the leading approach to assess and predict sublethal effects of chemicals on individual organisms. However, thorough case studies are rare. We provide a state-of-the-art example with the standard aquatic test species <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> and the fungicide azoxystrobin, including all steps, from bespoke laboratory toxicity tests to model calibration and validation, through to environmental risk assessment. Following the framework proposed in the European Food Safety Authority Scientific Opinion from 2018, we designed bespoke good laboratory practice–compliant laboratory toxicity studies based on test guideline 211 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and then identified robust parameter values from those data for all relevant model parameters through model calibration. The DEB–TKTD model, DEBtox2019, then informed the design of the validation experiment. Once validated, the model was used to perform predictions for a time-variable exposure scenario generated by FOCUS. A moving time-window approach was used to perform the environmental risk assessment. This assessment method reduces uncertainty in the risk assessment while maintaining consistency with the traditional measures of risk. <i>Environ Toxicol Chem</i> 2024;43:2409–2421. © 2024 Syngenta Crop Protection AG. ibacon GmbH and The Author(s). <i>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"43 11","pages":"2409-2421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}