{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/etc.5670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie A. McDonough, Shira Joudan, Natalia Soares Quinete, Xiaomeng Wang
{"title":"Transformation of Environmental Contaminants: Uncovering Reaction Mechanisms, Identifying Novel Products, and Understanding Environmental Implications","authors":"Carrie A. McDonough, Shira Joudan, Natalia Soares Quinete, Xiaomeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/etc.5994","DOIUrl":"10.1002/etc.5994","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thousands of synthetic substances are released into the environment through industrial processes, waste disposal, product usage, and other human activities, presenting a serious challenge for environmental risk assessors (Persson et al., <span>2022</span>). Chemicals that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) or persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) are often prioritized as potential contaminants of concern (Arp & Hale, <span>2019</span>). However, some chemicals are not persistent outright, but rather transform in the environment or in biota with poorly understood implications for PBT/PMT (Chen et al., <span>2015</span>; Cwiertny et al., <span>2014</span>; Zahn et al., <span>2024</span>). The potential for chemicals to transform into unknown products that are similarly or more toxic or persistent than the parent is often not considered in environmental risk assessment. In many cases, the disappearance of a chemical is taken to mean that risks associated with the parent substance have been attenuated, with no consideration of the potential for harmful transformation products. Predicting chemical reactivity, describing transformation reactions, and identifying transformation products are all essential to truly understand risks posed by environmental contaminants.</p><p>Many previous studies have demonstrated the formation of unexpected transformation products in indoor and outdoor environments and in engineered systems (e.g., wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities). These products are typically overlooked because they are not targeted by traditional chemical analyses. For example, formation of novel chlorinated byproducts from various organic compounds during drinking water treatment can result in novel toxic chemicals in treated water, posing a human health risk (Cochran et al., <span>2024</span>; Wong et al., <span>2019</span>). In addition, transformation of organophosphates from plastics via oxidation and hydrolysis formed several novel products that were tentatively identified in an indoor environment using nontarget analysis (Kutarna et al., <span>2023</span>). Conversely, unknown parent chemicals can transform into known toxic products and are also often overlooked in environmental risk assessment; this is often (although not always) the case for per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs; Joudan et al., <span>2022</span>; Xiao et al., <span>2018</span>).</p><p>Chemical transformation also occurs through a variety of biological processes. Microbial communities cause transformations in natural and engineered systems (Cook et al., <span>2022</span>; Fenner et al., <span>2021</span>). Metabolic reactions occurring in vivo also transform chemicals, often enhancing their solubility, their mobility, and potentially their reactivity, with implications for toxicity and for biomonitoring in humans and wildlife (Joudan et al., <span>2017</span>; Phillips et al., <span>2020</span>; Rand & Mabury, <span>2013</span>). Rates an","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.5994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monica K. Draskau, Anna K. Rosenmai, Nora Bouftas, Hanna K. L. Johansson, Eleftheria M. Panagiotou, Marie L. Holmer, Emilie Elmelund, Johanna Zilliacus, Anna Beronius, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Majorie van Duursen, Terje Svingen