Toxicity studies on Danio rerio (zebrafish) models using yttrium oxide nanoparticles from Hygrophila auriculata and their potential biological and environmental applications.

Nanoparticles have varied applications across the biomedical field, and their relatively simple synthesis makes them the subject of extensive research. In this study, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles utilizing Hygrophila auriculata leaf extract were synthesized and characterized using different techniques, such as UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and so on. Synthesized Y2O3 nanoparticles were also used for different biological applications, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory assays, where the nanoparticles have shown better efficiency when compared with previously available drugs. This property of the synthesized nanoparticles allows for the use of metallic nanoparticles using plant extract substituting for synthetic drugs. The Yttrium oxide nanoparticles were also used to check photocatalytic activity using a full factorial method to understand the consequences of pH, time, and concentration on dye degradation. Nanotoxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles was also checked on Danio rerio for 14 days, followed by histopathology and hematoxylin and eosin staining and molecular studies done using agarose gel electrophoresis. These nanoparticles showed immensely positive results in all the fields that were tested, which renders them a potential product that can be applied to both biological fields and industries.