Equine Veterinary Education最新文献

{"title":"A narrative literature review of equine sarcoidosis","authors":"Christina Maria Wimmer-Scherr,&nbsp;Bianca Christine Schwarz","doi":"10.1111/eve.14030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine sarcoidosis (ES) is a rare disease characterised by granulomatous inflammation of one or multiple organs. The skin is most frequently affected in horses and the clinical presentation can range from scaling and crusting lesions to nodular or tumour-like masses. ES has been divided into three subtypes depending on the distribution of lesions in the body: the localised, partially generalised and generalised form. Overall, no breed or sex predilections have been consistently observed so far. Most affected horses are older than 3 years although the disease may occur at any age. While aetiology and pathogenesis of ES have not yet been fully determined, a chronic exaggerated immune response to one specific or multiple antigens is frequently hypothesised. Diagnosis is based upon history, clinical presentation, histopathology and exclusion of likely differential diagnoses. The treatment of choice in ES is initial anti-inflammatory to immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids with subsequent tapering doses. Reported treatment success seems to be highly variable and prospective studies on the efficacy of corticosteroids or other agents are currently lacking in ES. Prognosis for survival is good for the localised form and poor for the other forms of ES. Complete remission of lesions in the localised form following treatment is less frequent and response to treatment is typically characterised by a slowdown or cessation of disease progression. There are scarce reports of spontaneous remission of this disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study: Laser excision versus combined laser, cryosurgery and intralesional 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of equine sarcoids","authors":"Katie S. Offer,&nbsp;David G. M. Sutton","doi":"10.1111/eve.14031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laser excision is used routinely in the treatment of sarcoids but may be ineffective in cases where complete excision cannot be achieved. A multimodal approach is warranted in these cases. 5-FU may improve the lethal effect of cryosurgery as an adjunct to laser excision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare two treatment protocols for equine sarcoids, laser excision alone versus a combination protocol of laser excision, cryosurgery and 5-FU chemotherapy. Factors associated with sarcoid recurrence are also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case controlled study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-four horses with 168 histologically confirmed sarcoids were included, with a median follow-up time of 39 months (IQR 21–62 months). Sarcoid recurrence at the treated site was reported in 38% of cases and in 23% of any individual sarcoid. No significant difference was demonstrated between treatment categories in either rate of sarcoid recurrence (<i>p</i> = 0.45 for any treated horse, <i>p</i> = 0.63 for individual sarcoid) or time to sarcoid recurrence (<i>p</i> = 0.73). Sarcoid recurrence was higher in horses with a greater number of sarcoids (OR 1.2 (1.0–1.5), <i>p</i> = 0.03); when treatment had been received prior to admission (OR 7.6 (2.0–33), <i>p</i> = 0.004). Horses with urogenital sarcoids or &gt;1 mixed sarcoid experienced more rapid recurrence (HR 3.6 (1.3–10), <i>p</i> = 0.02 and HR 9.9 (3.3–30), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and recurrence was less rapid following the treatment of a horse's first sarcoid (HR 0.3 (0.1–0.7), <i>p</i> = 0.009).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences in case populations in each treatment category. Treatment selection was neither blinded nor randomised and missing data and recall bias limit the study's power. Sarcoid recurrence was owner reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When assessing the likelihood of sarcoid recurrence, characteristics of both the individual patient and sarcoid phenotype must be considered carefully when selecting a specific treatment protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 7","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital angular deviations of the tail in horses","authors":"Carlotta Valletti,&nbsp;Thomas R. Schmitz,&nbsp;Reiner Egle,&nbsp;Matthias Haab,&nbsp;Joerg A. Auer","doi":"10.1111/eve.14029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this clinical commentary, the various pathologies occurring in the tail region of horses and foals are briefly summarised, followed by a discussion of angular deviations of the tail and the possibilities of their correction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"36 10","pages":"515-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital valvular dysplasia in the horse","authors":"Todd Sumerfield,&nbsp;Carl Toborowsky","doi":"10.1111/eve.14034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the case report described in this issue, Bell et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) describe a previously unreported occurrence of aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) in a 7-month-old, Warmblood-cross colt. The prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the horse is limited to historical studies that suggest a prevalence of 0.03%–0.2% (Buergelt, &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Michaëlsson &amp; Ho, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;). Valvular dysplasia appears to make up an even smaller group of CHD in horses, and was identified in only 8/18 foals in one report (Hall et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). The reported numbers likely underestimate total occurrence, as the true numbers include foals with severe cardiac malformations who die during or shortly after birth, as well as clinically silent defects that go undetected. Despite the suspectedly low occurrence of congenital valvular disease, the equine practitioner must still be aware of these conditions and be familiar with the clinical presentation and available diagnostics for detection and management of congenital valvular dysplasia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The horse in this report had changes consistent with congenital dysplasia of the aortic, mitral and tricuspid valves. Individual case reports of dysplasia of the mitral valve (Marr &amp; Bowen, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; McGurrin et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Schober et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;) and mitral and tricuspid valves (Duz et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;) in horses have been published. Anecdotal observation of TVD as an isolated congenital defect has also been previously reported by the authors. Most congenital abnormalities of the tricuspid valve in horses are forms of atresia (Hall et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Krüger et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Meurs et al., &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;), with some investigators suggesting it is among the most common form of equine CHD (Hall et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Atrioventricular valvular dysplasia can also be a component of complex CHD (Bayly et al., &lt;span&gt;1982&lt;/span&gt;; Kohnken et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; van der Luer &amp; van der Linde-Sipman, &lt;span&gt;1978&lt;/span&gt;). Dysplasia of the aortic valve has been described as an isolated abnormality (Clark et al., &lt;span&gt;1987&lt;/span&gt;; Taylor et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), as well as in combination with other CHD (Michlik et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The clinical signs of valvular dysplasia tend to manifest early in life, particularly when disease is severe. The clinical presentation of horses with CHD varies greatly based on disease severity. Most foals diagnosed with one or more forms of valvular dysplasia present with lethargy, exercise intolerance, failure to thrive, dyspnoea, cyanosis or syncope within the first days to weeks of life (Scansen, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Clinical signs are often nonspecific, which can complicate diagnosis and delay management. Recognition of disease requires that the practitioner consider CHD as a differential. Abnormal cardiac auscultation is often the first diagnostic that triggers suspicio","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"36 11","pages":"568-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of equine glandular gastric disease","authors":"Heidi E. Banse,&nbsp;Linda J. Paul","doi":"10.1111/eve.14028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common disorder of horses that presents challenges in both diagnosis and treatment for equine veterinarians. Because clinical signs are non-specific, diagnosis requires endoscopy. Lesion grading may be inconsistent due to challenges in interpreting endoscopic findings, which complicates diagnosis and monitoring. Successful management is difficult due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of disease. This review will provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and approach to the management of EGGD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"36 10","pages":"555-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of flank laparoscopy in the standing horse as a diagnostic aid in horses with chronic abdominal pain","authors":"Tanja Pudert,&nbsp;Antonio M. Cruz,&nbsp;Michael Röcken","doi":"10.1111/eve.14021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reaching a specific diagnosis in horses with chronic or recurrent abdominal pain may be challenging and elusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to report indications, findings and outcomes of equine exploratory laparoscopy in a case series to support its diagnostic value and identify potential limitations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cases series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-nine client-owned horses underwent laparoscopic exploration of the abdomen due to chronic colic symptoms. All horses were operated standing while sedated and under local anaesthesia. Diagnosis, follow-up, surgical or medical interventions, as well as intra- and postoperative complications were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A definitive diagnosis could be made by laparoscopy in 61 horses. However, no abnormal findings were found by laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity in eight horses. Overall, the sensitivity of diagnostic laparoscopy in the standing horse in our study was 88% and its specificity was 15%. No severe intra- or postoperative complications occurred. Exploratory flank laparoscopy in the standing horse can be a valuable diagnostic tool for chronic abdominal pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The limitations of the present study are its retrospective nature, missing some details in the reports. In addition, no long-term follow-up was available for the horses which underwent surgical intervention, and whether the colic signs reoccurred after a period of time or complications occurred in the long-term postoperative period are not known. No confirmation of the laparoscopic diagnosis was available in some horses, and a post-mortem examination or histology of a biopsy sample would have been beneficial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exploratory flank laparoscopy in the standing horse can be considered in horses with chronic abdominal pain in view of the high sensitivity and low complication rate of this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 6","pages":"299-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced photothermal ablation of equine dermal melanoma","authors":"Sarah Matyjaszek,&nbsp;Hilary Porubovich,&nbsp;Kenneth Sullins","doi":"10.1111/eve.14023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine dermal melanoma is a skin tumour most commonly seen in grey horses. Most grey horses will develop at least one tumour if they live long enough. Dermal melanoma and dermal melanomatosis are histologically identical, but dermal melanoma can present as either isolated single or multiple discreet lesions, while dermal melanomatosis presents as multiple coalescing lesions. These tumours are slow growing and have a predilection for the base of the tail, perineum, prepuce, parotid salivary gland and commissures of the lips. This report describes 980-nm diode laser photothermal ablation as a non-invasive treatment for equine dermal melanoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report the results of a series of horses that underwent laser photothermal ablation of equine dermal melanomas with a 980-nm diode therapy laser.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses were sedated for a standing procedure and restrained in stocks. A thermocouple needle was inserted deep to/into each lesion and the laser was applied either in contact or non-contact fashion at 4–6 watts until a temperature of 50°C was reached. Masses that were significantly thicker than 1 cm had thermocouple needles placed at multiple levels. After 1 month, treatment sites were re-evaluated. Lesions in which the planned treatment and follow-up were completed were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-one individual melanomas in seven horses were included. Fifty lesions were classified as ‘Complete Response’ (CR). One thicker lesion had a ‘Partial Response’ (PR) but there was CR to the depth that temperature was reached.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only tumours approximating 1 cm in thickness are practical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laser photothermal ablation using a 980-nm therapy laser is a practical, non-invasive and readily available modality for treating smaller equine dermal melanomas. Thickness rather than surface area is the main limitation for a single application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 7","pages":"349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of hysteroscopy to identify and treat reproductive tract abnormalities in the mare","authors":"Sarah Eaton","doi":"10.1111/eve.14024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hysteroscopy is a complementary tool to the traditional transrectal palpation and ultrasonography commonly performed by equine practitioners. Once mastered, it is a quick and useful diagnostic tool for the general and targeted evaluation of the endometrium and provides real time information about potential causes of subfertility. Samples of intrauterine fluid and the endometrium can be taken via transendoscopic catheters or infusion pipettes or via the use of traditional endometrial biopsy forceps. In addition to being a useful diagnostic tool, treatments can often be performed at the same time the pathologies are identified, providing mare owners with information and resolution of problems. With the development of additional technologies, hysteroscopy allows for optical biopsies to be performed, which will likely increase in use as the software moves from the research laboratories to clinical practice. Hysteroscopy is an easily learned, useful clinical skill for the identification of abnormalities in the mares' reproductive tract.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a palmar approach to the carpal flexor tendon sheath","authors":"Robert Cole,&nbsp;John Schumacher,&nbsp;Ray Wilhite,&nbsp;Jessica Brown","doi":"10.1111/eve.14022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A palmar approach for centesis of the carpal flexor tendon sheath has not been reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the feasibility and accuracy of a palmar approach to an undistended carpal flexor tendon sheath.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vivo and experimental.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both forelimbs of six horses were used. A 20-gauge, 8.9- or 7.62-cm spinal needle was inserted 3–4 cm proximal to the dorsal border of the accessory carpal bone in the space between the ulnaris lateralis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles and directed sagittally and perpendicular to the long axis of the limb until the needle contacted the radius. The needle was retracted slightly, contrast medium was injected, and a laterally projected radiograph of the carpus and distal aspect of the radius was obtained and examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The technique, when performed on 12 limbs of six horses, was 92% accurate. For one limb, the needle was inadvertently directed slightly ventrally, rather than perpendicular to the long axis of the limb, causing it to contact the radius near its physeal remnant, resulting in centesis of the antebrachiocarpal joint.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The palmar approach to the carpal flexor tendon sheath appears to be highly accurate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 5","pages":"248-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and behavioural considerations for managing horses with tail disorders","authors":"Ashraf M. Abu-Seida","doi":"10.1111/eve.14020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"36 10","pages":"512-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}