Equine Veterinary Education最新文献

{"title":"Analgesic effects of alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists in equine medicine: systemic, spinal, and local applications","authors":"J. Brandly,&nbsp;J. R. Page,&nbsp;J. A. E. Hubbell,&nbsp;W. W. Muir III,&nbsp;K. Hopster","doi":"10.1111/eve.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists provide analgesia when used as sole agents but can also be used in combination with other drugs for their additive and potentially synergistic effects. Further, because of their effects on blood flow, alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists act to extend and perhaps intensify the effects of drugs, such as local anaesthetics, administered perineurally or epidurally. This paper will explore what is known about the analgesic effects of alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists administered in combination with other drugs systemically, spinally and perineurally.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 8","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cone beam CT and low-field MRI of the distal limb of 85 horses","authors":"S. E. Taylor,&nbsp;P. Kelly,&nbsp;C. Daniel,&nbsp;O. James,&nbsp;M. McMaster,&nbsp;T. Schwarz","doi":"10.1111/eve.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the equine distal limb under standing sedation are increasingly available, yet there is little published information to guide veterinarians on how both modalities compare to optimise horse management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe dual modality CBCT and MRI findings in the equine distal limb of images acquired in the standing sedated horse for clinical purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective descriptive study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical records, CBCT and MRI DICOM images of patients that underwent advanced imaging of the distal limb with both modalities on the same day (April 2024 to April 2025) were reviewed. Key imaging findings were categorised to allow comparison of CBCT and MRI findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Imaging studies of 85 horses met the inclusion criteria, resulting in imaging of 120 foot and 38 pastern regions. Twenty-four of 85 horses had a primary soft tissue injury that was detected on MRI only. Forty-four horses had increased STIR signal intensity on MRI within the phalanges or navicular bone. CBCT identified a small sequestration of the distal phalanx that was identified on MRI retrospectively, subsequent to CBCT evaluation. CBCT allowed clearer evaluation of cortical bone, specifically at the margins of the flexor cortex of the navicular bone and the articular surfaces of the phalanges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Imaging findings were not verified by a gold standard and are subjective and descriptive. Categorical representation of primary diagnosis was difficult for some horses. The horses evaluated are limited to a mixed referral population of horses in Scotland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary diagnosis was based on MRI in more horses than on CBCT due to the ability of MRI to identify soft-tissue injury. Combined MRI and CBCT imaging of the foot can provide additional information in horses with solar penetration or when careful evaluation of the cortical bone is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 8","pages":"e523-e534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual presentation of osteomyelitis of the tuber calcanei in a 16-month-old gelding","authors":"A. M. Arreola,&nbsp;C. Serna,&nbsp;K. G. Mitchell,&nbsp;A. Merchán","doi":"10.1111/eve.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 16-month-old Morgan gelding was referred for evaluation of a right hindlimb lameness (grade 4/5, AAEP) accompanied by swelling of the right calcaneal region. Clinical signs had been present for approximately 4 weeks prior to referral. Initial diagnostic imaging (radiography and ultrasonography) identified an osseous defect on the plantaromedial aspect of the tuber calcanei, together with mild synovial effusion of the intertendinous calcaneal bursa. Synovial fluid analysis from the bursa was cytologically unremarkable. Repeat imaging 5 days later revealed rapid progression, characterised by substantial lesion enlargement and advanced osteolysis. Computed tomography of the right tarsus was performed on day 8 post-admission to further characterise the lesion's extent and morphology. Owing to the lack of clinical improvement, surgical exploration and debridement were undertaken. A plantar surgical approach was employed, with dissection through the skin, subcutaneous tissues, superficial digital flexor tendon and intertendinous bursa. These structures were retracted to provide direct access to the osseous defect just distal to the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon. Extensive debridement of the osteolytic lesion was performed. Bone samples submitted for bacterial culture yielded <i>Actinobacillus</i> spp. Postoperative recovery was marked by immediate improvement in comfort, with resolution of lameness at the walk. Long-term follow-up over a 2-year period confirmed sustained clinical resolution without recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 8","pages":"e480-e487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148357916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Eyes are the window to the soul’…or is it the heart?","authors":"F. C. F. Worsman","doi":"10.1111/eve.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 8","pages":"402-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permanent tracheostomy meets 3D-printing: Surgical technique and innovation","authors":"D. Major","doi":"10.1111/eve.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This clinical commentary serves to accompany the recent case report from Debald et al. (2025) detailing the use of a removable, custom, 3D-printed implant to manage a dynamically collapsing, permanent tracheal stoma. This creative use of an increasingly common technology provided a cost-effective manner to successfully manage the complications that occurred in this case and allowed the clinicians to optimise the design of the implant, adapting to the changing conditions inherent in the healing process. This case serves as an excellent jumping-off point to discuss both the surgical procedure and the use of 3D-printing in equine surgery. As this technology advances, its scope has broadened to incorporate materials and designs of a dizzying variety. As it becomes increasingly cost-effective and available, it would appear that the primary limit to its use will be our imagination, as clinicians and researchers continue to find innovative ways to utilise the technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"348-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volvulus nodosus of the small intestine: Differences in foals and adults","authors":"M. Gandini,&nbsp;G. Giusto","doi":"10.1111/eve.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Volvulus nodosus is a strangulating lesion of the small intestine described only in foals and in just one case in older horses. Huskamp et al. (1982, 1998) described the pathophysiology of volvulus nodosus in foals, but to date, there is no description of the pathophysiology of volvulus nodosus in adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the different features of volvulus nodosus in adult horses and foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of the clinical and anatomical features of two foals and three adults presenting with volvulus nodosus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical presentation between foals and adults differed mainly in the mild or absent pain shown by older horses. Clinical and ultrasonography findings were similar. At surgery or necropsy, we found anatomical differences between adults and foals. In adults, the volvulus did not involve the mesentery that instead forms a hernia sac in foals. Further, in adults, there was no involvement of the ileum, but two loops of jejunum resulted in one wrapped around another in all three cases. After accurate analysis of one case at necropsy, we found that in adults, one loop acts as a ‘post’ around which another loop turns. The weight of this loop then causes the formation of a half-hitch formed by the two loops and their mesentery. This causes strangulation and necrosis of two separate tracts of jejunum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small number of cases included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Volvulus nodosus may occur in adult horses with significant differences compared to foals. Knowing the presentation and pathophysiology of volvulus nodosus may help equine surgeons resolve selected cases of small intestinal strangulation in adult horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e440-e445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-exposure vaccination and plasma transfusion as an experimental treatment in the first reported equine cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Poland","authors":"A. J. Lewicka,&nbsp;J. Soczyńska,&nbsp;J. Samsel","doi":"10.1111/eve.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>West Nile virus (WNV) has recently expanded its geographical range across Europe, resulting in a growing number of outbreaks among humans and horses. In August 2024, WNV was detected in dead crows in Warsaw, central Poland, following a substantial die-off of local bird populations. Soon thereafter, the first cases of WNV in the country were confirmed in horses and nontravel-related cases were suspected in humans. Currently, no specific treatment exists for West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), highlighting the need for further research to establish effective therapeutic protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describing clinical manifestation and treatment outcomes of three confirmed WNND cases in horses in Poland, treated with experimental therapies comprising immunised plasma transfusions and post-exposure vaccination, and standard supportive treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Noncomparative study, case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three horses presenting with moderate-to-severe neurological signs were admitted to the Equine Hospital Sluzewiec in Warsaw. Treatment outcomes were assessed through clinical examination and were accompanied by measurements of anti-WNV IgM and serum amyloid A levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All three horses exhibited subacute to acute neurological signs, including marked ataxia and hindlimb weakness. Two out of the three horses admitted to the hospital made a full recovery and euthanasia was elected for one of the horses due to poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small number of cases, no control group without treatment and lack of confirmation via neutralisation test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WNND is a new disease in the horse population in central and northern Europe. Medical professionals in the region should consider WNND as a differential diagnosis of horses presenting with neurological disorders, develop skills to diagnose and manage the disease and recommend anti-WNV vaccinations as a preventive measure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e446-e455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a neonatal foal","authors":"L. De Maré,&nbsp;C. Loublier,&nbsp;H. Amory,&nbsp;L. Lecoq,&nbsp;C. Cesarini","doi":"10.1111/eve.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laryngeal paralysis is rarely described in foals, despite being a known congenital condition in several dog breeds and the second most common laryngeal abnormality in human neonates. This report describes the case of a 3-h-old Warmblood colt referred for inspiratory stridor observed immediately after birth, which was diagnosed as bilateral laryngeal paralysis. The foal arrived in lateral recumbency, with an orotracheal tube in place, showing a weak suckle reflex and mild signs of dehydration. Blood analysis revealed an inverted neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, increased creatine kinase activity, elevated haematocrit and higher blood lactate and creatinine concentrations. Airway endoscopy revealed bilateral laryngeal paralysis and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate, without signs of inflammation. The foal was hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit; a nasotracheal tube was placed, and medical treatment was initiated (oxygen, intravenous fluid therapy with glucose and dimethyl sulfoxide, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, milk via nasogastric tube, and supplementation with B-complex vitamins, vitamin E and selenium). A diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy was suspected, although nutritional myodegeneration could not be excluded. Laryngeal function progressively recovered, allowing removal of the nasotracheal tube 24 h after arrival and discharge from the clinic 10 days later, without the need for invasive surgical procedures. Follow-up 1 month after admission showed normal laryngeal function at rest. Bilateral laryngeal paralysis should be considered a differential diagnosis for neonatal stridor in foals. This case demonstrates that bilateral laryngeal paralysis can be fully reversible in foals and should not necessarily be associated with a poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e417-e423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a neonatal foal—Expanding our understanding of neonatal airway dysfunction","authors":"M. Abraham","doi":"10.1111/eve.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The case report by De Maré et al. 2025 describes a rare but instructive case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a newborn Warmblood foal with suspected neonatal encephalopathy (NE). The foal presented with inspiratory stridor from birth and was successfully managed through supportive medical therapy and temporary nasotracheal intubation, with complete resolution of clinical signs. This case provides an important reminder that bilateral laryngeal paralysis may not always represent a congenital structural abnormality, but rather a transient neurological dysfunction occurring within the spectrum of NE or other neonatal diseases. It likely reflects the same laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction that has long been recognised in some foals with NE. The clinical signs accompanying the neurological dysfunction can be variable, depending on the severity and specific laryngeal and pharyngeal structures involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"361-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peritoneal lactate concentration in Shetland ponies with nonstrangulating intestinal lesions: A case series","authors":"N. Watrobska,&nbsp;R. Gough,&nbsp;D. Singleton,&nbsp;K. McGovern","doi":"10.1111/eve.14230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It has been our clinical impression that Shetland ponies present with higher peritoneal lactate concentrations in the absence of strangulating intestinal lesions. The objective of this retrospective case series was to determine peritoneal lactate concentrations in Shetland ponies with nonstrangulating gastrointestinal lesions. A further objective was to evaluate the association of peritoneal lactate concentration with other clinical parameters. Case records of Shetland ponies admitted to a single UK referral hospital between 2009 and 2022 for evaluation of colic signs were retrieved. Cases where nonstrangulating intestinal lesions were confirmed at surgery or presumed nonstrangulating due to the resolution of clinical signs without surgical intervention, where a peritoneal lactate concentration was recorded, were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were generated. Twenty-three Shetland ponies with 26 episodes of colic met the inclusion criteria. The median [IQR] peritoneal lactate was 7.35 mmol/L (5.25 mmol/L). Limitations of this case series are sample size, incomplete data sets, lack of definitive diagnosis in cases that did not undergo surgery and lack of a comparison group. Further research with a larger sample size and including additional parameters such as body condition score is warranted. We concluded that in a Shetland pony that has no other signs consistent with a strangulating intestinal lesion, it is worth considering that a nonstrangulating lesion may be present despite a high peritoneal lactate concentration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e412-e416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}