Equine Veterinary Education最新文献

{"title":"Irregular reproductive cyclicity in a mare with a mosaic karyotype: 64,XX/64,XY/63,XO","authors":"R. M. Dwyer","doi":"10.1111/eve.14208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 5-year-old Oldenburg maiden mare presented for reproductive evaluation following several months of persistent oestrus-like behaviour, as observed by the owner. At referral, examination revealed anatomical abnormalities of the caudal reproductive tract, including asymmetry of the ventral labium and multiple soft tissue horizontal bands located in the vulva and vestibulo-vaginal fold. These findings raised the suspicion of an underlying disorder of sexual development (DSD). Cytogenetic evaluation via karyotyping was performed and revealed sex chromosome mosaicism. Chromosomal mosaicism is defined as the presence of two or more karyotypically different cell lines in the same individual. In this case, the mare was predominantly 64,XX, which is standard for an equine female. However, the mare also had individual cells with 63,XO (X monosomy) and 64,XY (male) karyotypes. While the presenting sign of persistent oestrus-like behaviour may have been associated with this chromosomal abnormality, a definitive causal relationship could not be established. The body of literature documenting and explaining cases of sex chromosome mosaicism in horses is limited, but the recent innovations in genetic testing have allowed for DSD to be identified more frequently and with greater ease. Recent publications have shown that mosaicism may be underdiagnosed in the equine population and can occur in phenotypically normal and fertile individuals. Therefore, mosaicism should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of infertility and sub-fertility. This report describes the diagnostic process leading to the identification of DSD in a mare presenting with persistent oestrus-like behaviour. It illustrates how routine reproductive complaints may have a more complex underlying aetiologies with significant implications for the horse's future working and reproductive potential. Furthermore, it underscores the value of considering DSD when investigating ‘the problem mare’ and considering karyotype as an ancillary diagnostic test.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"e222-e227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating reproduction-related behaviour and performance problems in mares","authors":"S. McDonnell","doi":"10.1111/eve.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.70008","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In this issue, Dr. Robert Dwyer describes a clinical case of a 7-year-old riding mare presented in early spring of each of two consecutive years for evaluation of persistent oestrus-like behaviour, intermittent aggression with herd mates and a decline in compliance during ridden work (Dwyer, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). At the time of presentation, the reproductive tract was found to be normal, with two notable exceptions: (1) vulvar asymmetry with incomplete labial apposition, and (2) two soft tissue bands connecting the left and right ventral vulva and another connecting the left and right vaginal walls at the vestibulo-vaginal fold. Testosterone, progesterone and anti-Müllerian hormone levels were within normal reference ranges. The ovarian findings were consistent with vernal transition. Karyotyping revealed mosaicism. Interventions included transecting the bands of tissue and GnRH vaccination. At follow-up examination 6 months later (autumn), the ovaries were found to be small and inactive. The owner reported improvement in behaviour. Dr. Dwyer wisely concludes that the mosaicism is an interesting finding but may be incidental.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whenever equine reproduction, behaviour or sports medicine specialists gather, the conversation inevitably turns to the challenges of evaluating mare behaviour and performance cases. Dr. Dwyer's case nicely illustrates some of these challenges. It is a pleasure to have been invited to preview this report and share my comments based on experience with clinical evaluation of similar cases of mare behaviour and performance problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the key challenges not directly addressed in Dr. Dwyer's case report is that oestrus in mares is often poorly understood. When we ask owners and trainers to describe the specific elements of their mare's behaviour, we often find that what they describe does not align with oestrus. In our experience, the behaviours described are often more consistent with physical discomfort. For instance, vocalisations, urination, tail movements and cowering typical of guarding behaviour are commonly mistaken for the distinct vocalisations, tail movements, urination and leaning behaviour of oestrus. Many owners are not aware of the nature of oestrus during seasonal transition. Another reason we ask owners and trainers about the specifics of their mare's oestrus behaviour is that we often encounter the assumption that nearly any reduction in compliance with work or undesirable behaviour—such as stopping, refusing to go forward, kicking at the abdomen, sensitivity to touch or ‘girthiness’—is indicative of oestrus or ‘marish’ behaviour. We actually prefer to observe the behaviour firsthand, either in person or video recordings. Our evaluation includes presenting the mare to a stallion (or playing recorded stallion vocalisations and/or offering soiled bedding from a stallion if a stallion is unavailable), as well as to another mare. The mare's response, together with the stimulus animal's response, c","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"236-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of metals in preventative and therapeutic equine podiatry applications","authors":"J. E. Caughron,&nbsp;G. M. Weaver,&nbsp;T. D. Burns","doi":"10.1111/eve.14201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thrush, abscesses, white line disease and cankers are life-threatening infections common in equine hooves. Copper has a history of medicinal use on equine hooves. There is a paucity of scientific evidence supporting the use of metals as antimicrobial agents in equine podiatry. Additionally, there is growing interest in discovering alternatives to copper. This report describes the process through which various metals inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens using an equine hoof model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report the results of exposure of clinically relevant hoof pathogens to various metals and determine the best method of application (i.e. route of exposure) of these metals to the pathogens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vitro culturing of bacteria exposed to various metals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lawns of <i>Escherichia coli</i> were cultured anaerobically at 24°C for 1–8 weeks on the surface of nutrient agar with silicone padding placed on top. The silicone padding either encapsulated the metal (copper, zinc and silver) or allowed it to come into contact with the bacteria. After the initial incubation, the agar was moved to glass beakers containing 200 mL nutrient broth and incubated at 26°C and 95 rpm for 24 h. Then, the broth cultures were serially diluted and plated onto fresh nutrient agar plates to determine the survival of <i>E. coli</i> underneath the silicone padding. Any growth indicated the survival of <i>E. coli</i> after it came into contact with the metal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth of the bacteria was inhibited if the metal was free to diffuse away from the silicon padding or was in direct physical contact with the bacteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a model pathogen representing <i>Treponema</i> sp. and <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i>. This work was conducted entirely in vitro.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metals are efficacious antimicrobial agents in equine podiatry. Diffusion of the metal away from the padding is crucial for antimicrobial activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"e264-e268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic use in equine hospitals—Serial point prevalence surveys in six European hospitals","authors":"T. S. Mair,&nbsp;C. Sinclair,&nbsp;H. Stone,&nbsp;I. Schofield","doi":"10.1111/eve.14190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14190","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Monitoring antibiotic use (AMU) is a key component of antimicrobial stewardship. Published AMU data in equine hospitals are limited.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To document AMU in equine hospitals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Repeated point prevalence surveys.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Prospective descriptive study. AMU recorded 1 day weekly for 12 months in six equine hospitals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;One thousand one hundred and forty-two horses were prescribed antibiotics among 15,031 horses (7.6%) hospitalised on 216 survey days. Commonest breeds were Thoroughbreds/crosses (34.7%) and Warmbloods/crosses (22.5%). Median age of adults was 6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 10, range: 1–28 years) and 8 weeks for foals (IQR: 14 weeks, range: 1 day to 50 weeks). Mean weight of 1127 horses 420 kg (range: 15–866 kg). Commonest indications were complicated wounds (23.6%), gastrointestinal/abdominal disease (19.2%), surgical prophylaxis (15.0%) and simple wounds (11.8%); 81.4% were community-acquired conditions, 14.4% surgical prophylaxis, 3.6% healthcare-acquired. Culture and susceptability performed in 11.4%. The commonest antibiotics prescribed were procaine penicillin (41.8%), gentamicin (41.4%), potentiated sulfonamides (16.5%), oxytetracycline (10.2%), ceftiofur (9.2%) and doxycycline (8.2%). Enrofloxacin prescribed in 59 horses (5.2%) and marbofloxacin in 19 (1.7%). The mean antibiotic dosages (mg/kg bwt) (±SD) were the following: procaine penicillin 20.5 (±2.8), gentamicin 7.1 (±1.0), potentiated sulfonamides 30.4 (±3.0), oxytetracycline 5.9 (±1.0), ceftiofur 5.2 (±1.4), doxycycline 5.9 (±1.7), enrofloxacin 6.6 (±1.1) and marbofloxacin 3.7 (±1.4).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Systemic AMU only. The duration of antimicrobial courses not recorded. Some cases may have been double (or more)-counted if they were in the hospital on more than 1 survey days.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Antimicrobials were prescribed in 7.6% of hospitalised horses. Commonest indications were complicated wounds, gastrointestinal/abdominal disease, surgical prophylaxis and simple wounds. Commonest antibiotics administered were procaine penicillin, gentamicin, potentiated sulfonamides, oxytetracycline, ceftiofur and doxycycline. Critically impor","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"e269-e277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent pressure: Unveiling spinal lymphoma in horses and its parallels to other species","authors":"H. E. Taylor,&nbsp;D. Luethy","doi":"10.1111/eve.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Though the nervous system is an uncommon location for lymphoma, the disease should remain a differential diagnosis in some cases of ataxia in equids. Diagnosis of lymphoma can be challenging, although a combination of cytology, histopathology and immunophenotyping can aid in definitive diagnosis and therefore more accurately guide treatment and prognostic recommendations. While equine herpesvirus-5 has been isolated in some cases of equine lymphoma, a clear correlation has not yet been established, in contrast to viral diseases and lymphoma in other species. Further investigation into this area is necessary to better understand the aetiology of equine lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"231-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causative organisms of equine nuchal bursitis","authors":"E. K. Pearson,&nbsp;T. Pinn-Woodcock","doi":"10.1111/eve.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine nuchal bursitis occurs as nonseptic inflammation, which may be secondary to trauma, or can be caused by bacterial infection. Many of the earliest described nuchal bursitis cases were associated with the bacteria <i>Brucella abortus</i> in horses in contact with cattle<i>. B. abortus</i> has since been eradicated from the United States, making this organism an unlikely cause of equine nuchal bursitis now. The spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has recently been associated with equine nuchal bursitis in the Northeastern United States, often accompanied by elevated serum <i>B. burgdorferi</i> outer surface protein A antibodies. Other bacteria reported in nuchal bursitis cases include <i>Trueperella pyogenes</i>, <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>zooepidemicus</i>, <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Bacillus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i> spp. The causative bacterial agent in equine septic nuchal bursitis cases cannot be distinguished based on clinical signs, imaging findings or bursal fluid cytology alone, warranting the submission of nuchal bursa fluid or synovium for aerobic and anaerobic culture and <i>B. burgdorferi</i> polymerase chain reaction. Next-generation sequencing of these specimens could be considered in cases where other diagnostics have not identified a causative organism. Septic equine nuchal bursitis cases are typically managed with a combination of antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention, resulting in variable outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"244-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An atypical case of equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis","authors":"C. Lengellé,&nbsp;A. Cattaneo,&nbsp;I. Raymond-Letron","doi":"10.1111/eve.14218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case report describes an unusual presentation of eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EK) in a horse. A 6-year-old Warmblood gelding was presented for acute blepharospasm and pruritus of the left eye. Topical antibiotics and/or corticoid treatments had been applied without success. The ophthalmic examination revealed a large granulomatous mass at the central part of the dorsal corneal limbus. This mass had a haemorrhagic appearance, and multiple caseous deposits were visible on the surface. Cytology and culture exams were performed under topical anaesthesia. Cytology revealed significant eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates. Bacteriology and mycology cultures were negative. A keratoconjunctivectomy was performed under sedation and topical anaesthesia, and the sample was submitted for histology. A rapid improvement in clinical signs was observed. The histopathological analysis revealed abundant degenerative and necrotic tissue, strongly eosinophilic, also extending into the corneal stroma with adjacent areas of collagenous necrosis. The proliferative nature of the lesion was linked to the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. There were no visible pathogens. One year later, no signs of recurrence were observed. This case report describes a necrotic and proliferative form of EK in a horse with a successful surgical outcome.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"e249-e253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal spinal cord compression in a horse with chronic actinobacterial cranial nuchal bursitis","authors":"H. Mesch,&nbsp;C. Frank,&nbsp;J. B. Daniels,&nbsp;E. Acutt,&nbsp;E. Contino","doi":"10.1111/eve.14210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 14-year-old warmblood gelding was managed for waxing and waning cranial nuchal bursitis for 2 years. Intensive medical and surgical management was not curative, and the patient was subjected to euthanasia after becoming acutely recumbent. Ante-mortem and post-mortem next generation sequencing of bursal tissue and post-mortem conventional PCR detected a sequence within the Actinobacteria phylum. Post-mortem examination, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings confirmed spinal cord compression, an undescribed sequela of nuchal bursitis in modern equine medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"e235-e242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carpal sheath hernia in a cob: Unusual case, unorthodox fix","authors":"A. Hawkins,&nbsp;R. Smith","doi":"10.1111/eve.14227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The case report presented by Neild et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) describes a rare and unusually complex case of carpal sheath synovial herniation in a cob-cross mare following tenoscopic treatment of a radial physeal exostosis and intra-thecal deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) tear - an injury more commonly seen in racehorses due to carpal hyperextension (Southwood et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). The use of a synthetic polypropylene mesh to support the compromised carpal sheath wall represents a novel adaptation of herniorrhaphy techniques to equine synovial pathology and adds a valuable perspective to the growing body of surgical solutions for complex synovial outpouchings. Beyond its technical innovation, the case report also invites thoughtful discussion on several broader clinical themes, including the underlying aetiopathogenesis in an atypical breed, the localisation and assessment of pain in such cases, the interpretation of intrathecal tissue recovery and the contextualisation of this case within the existing literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Synovial herniation of the carpal sheath is rarely seen in cob-type horses, whose upright limb conformation limits carpal hyperextension. While there is no published evidence specifically linking this condition to Thoroughbreds or other high-motion sport horses, it is thought to be more likely in these types due to the greater frequency of carpal overextension in such populations (Nixon et al., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Southwood et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). In this case, however, the mare was diagnosed with a radial physeal exostosis where a concurrent deep dorsolaterally located DDFT tear would suggest significant bony pathology given that it matched the location of the exostosis. However, it is also possible that the tear could have been created or exacerbated by dynamic carpal over-extension; although, notably, the report does not document this. An injury to the accessory ligament of the DDFT (ALDDFT) injury has also been associated with carpal over-extension and could have been responsible for chronic effusion, requiring repeat sheath injections, but was not reported by the authors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The terminology used to describe fluid-filled swellings associated with synovial structures, particularly the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) and tarsal sheath, has long been inconsistent in the veterinary literature (Crawford et al., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Hawkins et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Laverty, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Minshall &amp; Wright, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Terms such as synovial hernia, synoviocoele, synovial ganglion cyst and adventitious bursa have been applied somewhat interchangeably, though each has specific pathological and anatomical implications. In this case report, Neild et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) have elected to use the term ‘synovial hernia’ which traditionally refers to a protrusion of the synovial membrane through a defect in the joint capsule or tendon sheath, often still maintaining continuity with the synovial cavity","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"239-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic use in equine dentistry: What is the evidence?","authors":"A. Sidwell,&nbsp;S. L. Hole,&nbsp;R. Pereira","doi":"10.1111/eve.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human and veterinary health. In equine dentistry, antibiotics are commonly used despite limited evidence supporting their efficacy. While antimicrobials include antifungals, antivirals, parasiticides and antiseptics, this review focuses specifically on antibiotics, aiming to inform responsible prescribing practices. Prophylactic antibiotic use around dental procedures remains widespread, yet evidence suggests it is often unnecessary. Horses appear less susceptible than other species to complications such as bacteraemia-induced endocarditis, and post-operative infection rates following dental extractions are low. Routine perioperative antibiotics have not been shown to significantly reduce complications. Targeted antibiotic therapy may be justified in high-risk cases, including systemic illness, extensive oral trauma, osteomyelitis or severe apical infection. Even in these scenarios, surgical intervention remains primary and antibiotics should not replace procedures such as exodontia. Antibiotic use carries risks, including disruption of the oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes and promotion of resistance. These risks highlight the need for evidence-based prescribing that balances potential benefits against adverse effects. Despite their widespread use, data on equine dental antibiotic prescribing, pathogen susceptibility, and resistance trends remain limited. Improved surveillance and research are needed to support rational use. This review advocates for judicious, evidence-based antibiotic use, guided by clinical indications, pharmacokinetics and microbiology, aligning equine practice with One Health objectives and preserving antibiotic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 5","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}