Equine Veterinary Education最新文献

{"title":"Effects of a supplement containing hyaluronan with TBG-136™ schizophyllan β-glucan on gastric ulcer scores in horses","authors":"F. M. Andrews,&nbsp;S. Mordoh,&nbsp;M. L. Keowen,&nbsp;F. Garza Jr,&nbsp;C. -C. Liu","doi":"10.1111/eve.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polysaccharides, hyaluronan and TBG-136™ Schizophyllan (Sβ-glucan) have not been thoroughly evaluated in horses with equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) or equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of hyaluronan with Sβ-glucan ([RELGI] Relyne^GI®, Hagyard Pharmacy, Lexington, KY) on ESGD and EGGD in stall-confined horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single period non-crossover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy adult thoroughbreds (<i>n</i> = 12) were divided into RELGI ([<i>N</i> = 6], 30 mL gel) or control ([<i>N</i> = 6], 30 mL gel) groups and fed 3× daily for 35 days. The horses were stratified by ESGD ulcer score on Day −1, and gastroscopy was repeated on Days 14, 21, 28 and 35. ESGD number and severity (NGN and NGS) and EGGD number and severity (GN and GS) scores were assigned at scoping by a masked clinician. Gastric fluid pH and bodyweight were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median ESGD scores were lower on Day 28 in the RELGI group (median: 1.0, IQR: 1.0–1.0), compared to the control group (median: 1.5, IQR: 1.0–2.25; <i>p</i> = 0.037). The median NGN and NGS scores were lower on Days 28 and 35 in the RELGI group (median: 0; IQR: 0–0) than in controls. On Day 28, NGN had a median of 1.0 (IQR: 0–2.5) and NGS had a median of 1.0 (IQR: 0–2.25). On Day 35, NGN had a median of 0.5 (IQR: 0–2.25) and NGS had a median of 1.0 (IQR: 0–2.5). ESGD ulcers healed in the treatment group on the same days. EGGD was low, so statistical analysis was not reported. Gastric fluid pH was low and horses gained weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Limitation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thoroughbred horses had very mild EGGD lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The supplement Relyne^GI® was palatable and safe. Relyne^GI® administration resulted in improvement in stomach health without altering stomach pH and might be an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment for ESGD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e430-e439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal cell proliferations in in vivo equine embryos – Implications for a successful pregnancy","authors":"S. Wilsher,&nbsp;S. Kovacsy,&nbsp;J. Funes","doi":"10.1111/eve.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recovery of early equine embryos from the uterus provides an opportunity to assess their morphology microscopically and detect any abnormalities, which may have implications for pregnancy establishment and loss thereafter. During recovery of equine embryos, for either research purposes or commercial embryo transfer, abnormal proliferations of cells were noted in the blastocoele and/or attached to the cells on the periphery of the blastocoele of 7 expanded blastocysts. To the authors' knowledge, these anomalies have not previously been reported in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe these abnormalities and report if such morphological changes are compatible with embryo survival. Three of the embryos were transferred to recipient mares, and all resulted in a pregnancy. Two of the pregnancies resulted in the birth of a normal foal and the third, in a research mare, developed normally before it was terminated at Day 32 of pregnancy. Hence, these cellular proliferations in the 3 embryos which were transferred to a recipient mare did not appear to influence conceptus development and survival. We hypothesise that the morphological anomalies seen in the 7 blastocysts reported here result from overproliferation of trophectoderm or primitive endoderm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e364-e373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal tubular acidosis in a mule mare","authors":"L. Kummer,&nbsp;K. Lohmann,&nbsp;C. Arnold","doi":"10.1111/eve.14178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in horses is differentiated into type I (distal) and type II (proximal) forms. We report the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of type I RTA in a 13-year-old mule mare that was referred because of lethargy and inappetence of several weeks' duration as well as lack of manure, anorexia and mild colic for 3 days. In addition to mild impaction of the pelvic flexure of the large colon, clinical pathological examination confirmed severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis and hypokalaemia. Based on an ammonium chloride load test, the mule mare proved unable to acidify urine. No cause of RTA could be determined. Treatment consisted of intravenous fluid therapy to stabilise acid–base and electrolyte status, followed by oral supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride. The mule mare was discharged after 1 week of hospitalisation with the recommendation to continue oral supplementation and monitor laboratory values regularly. Ten months after diagnosis, the owner reported the mare to be clinically healthy. Apart from a slightly elevated bicarbonate concentration, blood acid–base status and electrolytes had been within normal limits. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate powder had been reduced but that of potassium chloride powder remained unchanged. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of type I RTA in a mule.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e424-e429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactate and colic–Shetland ponies as an example of one size does not fit all","authors":"A. T. Blikslager","doi":"10.1111/eve.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clinical commentary discusses the utility of peritoneal lactate alone, and in the context of other clinical factors, in determining the presence of a strangulating intestinal obstruction. A current study on Shetland ponies has revealed that peritoneal lactate well outside the range typically to be considered at risk of strangulating obstruction actually had simple obstruction, and therefore suggests caution in interpretation of lactate values when making clinical decisions on equine patients with colic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"357-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal tubular acidosis: A ‘basic’ disorder","authors":"H. J. Mason,&nbsp;L. G. Arroyo","doi":"10.1111/eve.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70042","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) occurs when impaired acid excretion by the kidneys due to varied tubular disorders results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. Within human literature, the disease can be classified into types I, II, III or IV, with differences in electrolyte imbalances and cited causes. The disease can be primary (inherited or idiopathic) or secondary to other disease or toxins (Bagga &amp; Sinha, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Drugs that have been associated with RTA include amphotericin B, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and lithium carbonate (Arroyo et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). RTA has limited documentation within horses and has not been reported in donkeys. This case report by Kummer et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) is the first documentation of occurrence within mules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Type I, or distal, RTA occurs due to failure of hydrogen ion secretion in the intercalated cells of the distal tubules and collecting duct. This results in failure of urine acidification, reduced ammonium excretion, increased calcium and potassium excretion. The occurrence of hypokalemia is not fully understood but is a hallmark for early recognition of type I RTA (Kunchur et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Increased urine calcium that occurs in type I RTA often causes urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis to occur in humans (Alexander et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), however, to the authors' knowledge, this has not been recorded in horses. The presence of urinary calcium is higher in horses than people, which could explain this pathophysiological difference (Aleman et al., &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Type II, or proximal, RTA results from decreased bicarbonate resorption in the proximal tubules. This, with other proximal tubular absorption deficits, comprises Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome can be inherited or can occur secondary to other diseases or toxins. A deletion mutation of the Fanconi anaemia-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1) gene has been implicated in the development of Fanconi syndrome in Basenji dogs, resulting in mitochondrial damage in the kidneys (Farias et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Transient Fanconi syndrome has been reported in two Quarter Horses, for which an inciting cause was unknown (Ohmes et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). It has been suggested that Quarter Horses are over-represented in type II RTA, but there have been no genetic links proven (Aleman et al., &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;; Arroyo et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neither type III nor IV RTA has been reported in horses. Type III RTA in humans is characterised by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency due to an inherited disorder. This produces a mixed RTA which is challenging for practitioners to diagnose and treat. Type IV RTA is caused by aldosterone deficiency or resistance which leads to hyperkalemia and ultimately impaired ammonium excretion (Kunchur et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mule in this case report presented with let","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"365-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a 3D-printed custom-designed tracheostomy tube to stabilise a permanent tracheostoma in a 25-year-old Icelandic mare","authors":"D. C. Debald,&nbsp;J. P. Schramel,&nbsp;E. Haltmayer,&nbsp;N. M. Biermann","doi":"10.1111/eve.14211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 25-year-old Icelandic mare diagnosed with bilateral temporohyoid-osteoarthropathy, moderate pharyngeal instability and bilateral laryngeal paralysis was presented because of intermittent stridor and dyspnoea worsening during exercise. As a previous ceratohyoidectomy had not improved these symptoms substantially, a permanent tracheostomy was performed. After development of a surgical site infection and dehiscence followed by revision, the final stoma collapsed at times, especially during exercise, resulting in respiratory distress. To stabilise the stoma, a tracheotomy tube was constructed with Autodesk Fusion® and printed from TPU-95 material with an Ultimaker® S5 3D-printer. The parametric design allowed fast adaptation in size, shape and stiffness as wound healing progressed. Precision adjustments of size and shape were conducted on an ambulatory basis over a period of several weeks. Intermittently placed by the owner, the device prevented stoma collapse during exercise and was well tolerated by the horse without causing irritation or pressure sores. It was easy to clean, soft but robust and could be replaced and adapted easily. The present case suggests that a 3D-printed tracheotomy tube is an affordable and effective measure to stabilise a permanent tracheostoma and resulted in improved airway function of the affected horse.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e399-e405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of glandular hypospadias with congenital urethral atresia in a Friesian colt","authors":"L. R. Hayden,&nbsp;M. J. McCracken,&nbsp;K. S. Townsend","doi":"10.1111/eve.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 5-day-old Friesian colt was presented to the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center with lethargy, progressive abdominal distension and failure to urinate. Upon examination, the colt appeared dehydrated with marked abdominal distension and dull mentation. Bloodwork revealed severe azotaemia, electrolyte derangements and an inflammatory leucogram. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a large volume of free peritoneal fluid and evidence of a ruptured bladder. The uroperitoneum was confirmed via abdominocentesis. The colt was stabilised, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A ruptured bladder and concurrent membranous obstruction at the level of the penile urethra, consistent with congenital urethral atresia-like abnormality and hypospadias, were identified. The bladder tear was repaired in routine fashion, and a functional urethral opening was created. Postoperatively, a urinary catheter was maintained for 4 days, and the colt received intravenous antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications and gastroprotectants. Azotaemia and electrolyte imbalances progressively improved. The colt is reportedly doing well after discharge from the hospital.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e380-e386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle bevel orientation does not affect diffusion of contrast medium during perineural injection of the lateral palmar/plantar nerve and lateral palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal nerves","authors":"V. Knopp,&nbsp;A. Dockery,&nbsp;S. Giancola,&nbsp;J. Bonner,&nbsp;S. Johnson,&nbsp;E. Crowfoot,&nbsp;K. L. Ellis","doi":"10.1111/eve.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perineural anaesthesia is used to localise pain in horses presenting with lameness. Diffusion of local anaesthetics during perineural analgesia complicates clinical interpretation. Needle bevel orientation has been shown to affect drug diffusion in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the effects of needle bevel orientation and time on proximal diffusion following lateral palmar/plantar and palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal perineural analgesia (lateral low four-point) in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analytical experimental.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve horses had lateral components of the low four-point injections performed with contrast medium with the needle bevel oriented proximally on either the left or right limbs and distally on the contralateral limbs. Radiographs were taken at the time of injection and at 5, 10, 15 and 30 min post-injection. Measurements of proximal and total diffusion of contrast medium were performed. Comparison between groups and time points were analysed with two-way ANOVA and mixed model effects, with Dunnet's multiple comparison test and significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference between proximal and total diffusion of contrast medium with needle bevel proximal versus bevel distal. An increase in proximal and total diffusion occurred over time regardless of needle bevel orientation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use of contrast medium with a higher molecular weight than local anaesthetics. Use of radiography was used for diffusion evaluation rather than three-dimensional imaging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Needle bevel orientation does not affect diffusion of contrast medium. Analgesia of more proximal structures should be taken into consideration if horses are evaluated at later time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e456-e463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical excision of melanomas in the anal region and reconstruction of the anus in 11 horses","authors":"F. Somm,&nbsp;A. E. Fürst,&nbsp;M. A. Jackson","doi":"10.1111/eve.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This case report describes the surgical excision of large perianal and perineal melanomas, and reconstruction of the anus in 11 grey horses. Four horses had a history of painful defaecation or urination due to extensive tumours. Seven horses had no clinical signs at the time of admission but had rapidly growing nodules around the anus with infiltration of the surrounding musculature. All horses had melanomas in remote parts of the body. The surgical procedure involving removal of the external anal sphincter followed by reconstruction of the anus, and the pre- and postoperative surgical considerations for performing the operations in standing horses were described. In six cases, reconstruction of the vulva and perineal region was also performed, and large perirectal melanomas were removed in five cases. All horses had a good outcome characterised by resolution of clinical signs, marked improvement in quality of life and a high owner satisfaction level. Our results show that, while early intervention is crucial in treating equine melanoma, a good outcome can be achieved even in seemingly hopeless situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e387-e398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperandrogenemia and behavioural changes in a mare with equine metabolic syndrome","authors":"K. Shell,&nbsp;A. B. M. Rijkenhuizen,&nbsp;I. Vervuert","doi":"10.1111/eve.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperandrogenemia and elevated serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), as well as an increased risk to develop cancer, are well described in women with metabolic syndrome (MS). This case report describes a mare presenting with a 1-year history of behavioural changes making her unable to be ridden, lack of signs of oestrus, hyperandrogenemia, increased AMH concentration and an enlarged right thyroid gland. Granulosa theca cell tumour (GCT) was suspected by the referring veterinarian due to behavioural changes and inability to work under the saddle, which commonly are associated with GCT in mares. Only mild elevation of AMH levels in the serum, unremarkable findings upon ovarian palpation and ultrasonography made the diagnosis of GCT questionable. At referral in mid-April, body condition score (BCS) of six out of nine and regional fat deposits were suggestive of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Insulin dysregulation (ID) was confirmed by an oral sugar test (OST). A diet considering adequate energy and nutrient intake and exercise regime improved behaviour, work under saddle and insulin levels. Furthermore, the mare showed signs of oestrus again and serum AMH and testosterone were within normal limits. Due to ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid gland, it was excised and thyroid carcinoma confirmed. This case describes the occurrence of EMS, behavioural changes, hyperandrogenemia and concurrent neoplasia in a mare. While there is no proof of a causative link between neoplasia and EMS, the observation of the concurrent pathologies is interesting and warrants further investigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 7","pages":"e374-e379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}