Equine Veterinary Education最新文献

{"title":"Sino-nasal lymphoma","authors":"A. R. Hollis","doi":"10.1111/eve.14127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sino-nasal neoplasia is rare in horses, and most reports are limited to small numbers of cases, making it challenging to draw firm conclusions from the available literature. Exploring data from other species often assists the equine practitioner to better understand rare diseases in horses, but there are limited data about sino-nasal lymphoma in other species. The association with human herpes virus 4 (Epstein–Barr virus) in all reported cases of sino-nasal T-cell lymphoma in humans is especially interesting, but the rarity of this tumour in horses makes such an association with equine herpes virus extremely challenging to investigate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 8","pages":"400-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uraemic syndrome following acute renal failure in horses","authors":"G. van Galen","doi":"10.1111/eve.14125","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14125","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This clinical commentary accompanies the case report from Fernandes and Robin (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) that describes an interesting case with multiple metabolic problems including acute renal failure (ARF), metabolic encephalopathy, uraemic syndrome and hyperammonaemia. The aim of this commentary is to review the definition and extrarenal effects of the uraemic syndrome in acute kidney injury (AKI) and ARF. As little data are available on horses, a descriptive comparison is made across species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Azotaemia&lt;/i&gt; is a pure biochemical abnormality, that is defined as the elevation or buildup of nitrogenous products and other secondary waste products within the body because of reduced renal function (Tyagi &amp; Aeddula, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). When the severity of azotaemia increases, and it becomes manifested with clinical signs, this is called &lt;i&gt;uraemia&lt;/i&gt; (Tyagi &amp; Aeddula, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Uraemia literally means ‘urine in the blood’. The increasing concentration of waste metabolites can lead to toxic levels (these are then called uraemic toxins - UTs), which can have widespread effects throughout the body because of their deleterious effects on cell metabolism and function (Schott, &lt;span&gt;2010b&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Uraemic syndrome&lt;/i&gt; describes the combination of clinical signs that develop consequently (Schott, &lt;span&gt;2010b&lt;/span&gt;; Tyagi &amp; Aeddula, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Acute kidney injury (AKI)&lt;/i&gt; means that the kidney has sustained acute damage leading to a sudden decrease in the kidney's excretory function. AKI covers the whole spectrum ranging from mild non-azotaemic kidney injury to advanced renal failure with severe uraemia (Segev et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; van Galen et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On a cellular level UTs cause endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress and reduced mitochondrial respiration (Andre et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). They also cause activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), reactive oxygen species production and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling pathways. These effects lead to a pro-inflammatory state, cellular dysfunction and apoptosis (Andre et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some 150 molecules are considered to be &lt;i&gt;UTs&lt;/i&gt; and are believed to contribute to the uraemic syndrome when their concentrations increase following a decline in renal function (Andre et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). The most well-known UTs are blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, ammonia, uric acid, phenol, guanidino compounds and products of intestinal metabolism (secondary methylamines, polyamines and tryptophan breakdown products such as indole, skatole, indoleacetic acid; Lee &amp; Downing, &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;; Schott, &lt;span&gt;2010b&lt;/span&gt;). Although some UTs are inversely correlated with renal function (glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine concentrations; Ebrahimi ","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 5","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of a bilateral mandibular fracture in a foal using LCPs as external fixator","authors":"A. B. M. Dias,&nbsp;K. Gustafsson,&nbsp;P. J. Kieffer","doi":"10.1111/eve.14111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report describes the use of locking compression plates (LCP) as external skeletal fixators (ESF-LCP) in the surgical repair of a bilateral open mandibular fracture in a foal. A 3-week-old 90-kg Swedish Warmblood colt presented with reluctance to nurse, bilateral mandibular swelling and haemorrhagic discharge from the mouth. Clinical examination and radiographs revealed a fracture of both mandibles, with complete fracture anatomy defined by computed tomography (CT). The right mandible had a complete, displaced, open fracture between the deciduous premolars Triadan 806 and 807. The left mandible had a minimally displaced, comminuted fracture in the caudal aspect of the interdental diastema (705–706). Both mandibles were surgically repaired using narrow 4.5 mm LCP plates as external skeletal fixators (ESF-LCP) under general anaesthesia. The ESF-LCPs were removed 36 days post-operatively after radiographic healing was observed. Three months post-operatively repeat radiographs were performed showing no abnormalities of the mandibular or dental function. At 3 years of age, a routine dental examination was performed that showed normal occlusion and function of the mandible with only a mild external callus. The use of LCP plates as ESF-LCP in a bilateral mandibular fracture in a neonatal foal resulted in an excellent outcome and complete fracture healing with minimal complications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 11","pages":"e266-e274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture margin sequestration in mandibular fractures in three horses: Radiographic, computed tomographic and histological appearance","authors":"A. D. Aßmann,&nbsp;B. Donati,&nbsp;H. Geyer,&nbsp;F. Theiss,&nbsp;A. S. Bischofberger","doi":"10.1111/eve.14115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three horses with mandibular fractures (two chronic and one acute) were referred for fixation. Clinical signs, radiographical findings, computed tomography (CT) appearance of fractures and complicating fracture margin sequestra were documented and histology performed. The chronic fractures were treated with an external skeletal fixator type I (Horse 1) and an internally applied locking compression plates (LCP) (Horse 3). Horse 2 (acute fracture) was treated with an LCP applied as external fixator type I. All horses developed fracture margin sequestration visible radiographically and on CT, representing three parallel zigzagging radiolucent/hypoattenuating lines, consistent of a central fracture line, paralleled by two elongated sequestra and additional parallel demineralised lines separating the sequestra from the parent bone. Horses 1 and 2 were euthanised. Histology showed sequestra of the fracture margins, osteoclasts and inflammatory cells. In Horse 3, the fracture healed and the implants were removed. Drainage persisted for 3 years post-operatively due to the non-accessible fracture margin sequestra. Possible aetiology of fracture margin sequestration included motion in the region of the fracture, infection and disruption of the mandibular blood supply.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 11","pages":"e295-e305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers","authors":"S. Wright","doi":"10.1111/eve.14085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 3","pages":"114-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placement of custom-made full tracheal length stents in Miniature Horses for treatment of collapsing trachea","authors":"A. R. Watkins,&nbsp;D. L. Clarke,&nbsp;T. Morris,&nbsp;E. Parente","doi":"10.1111/eve.14105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report describes the placement of custom-designed intraluminal self-expanding nitinol stents spanning the entire length of the trachea for the treatment of tracheal collapse in two Miniature Horses. Both horses underwent an initial anaesthetic event for tracheal length and diameter measurements performed fluoroscopically at inspiratory pressures of 20 and 30 cm H₂O. Once the stents were available, a second anaesthetic event was performed for the fluoroscopic guided placement of the stents. The first case was found dead 36 days after stent placement; necropsy showed proliferative, obstructive, granulation tissue at the cranial extent of the stent. The second case survived for 2 years following stent placement without any further surgical intervention before ultimately being euthanised due to short and infrequent bouts of respiratory distress of unknown aetiology. This is the first description of full-length intraluminal nitinol stenting of the trachea in two Miniature Horses for tracheal collapse. This technique may be an improvement on the use of multiple short tracheal stents; however, more cases are needed to determine which animals will benefit most from the procedure, as well as guide sizing, position and placement techniques to optimise outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 9","pages":"e203-e207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permanent intramural stenting with polyethylene catheter to resolve parotid salivary duct stenosis secondary to sialolithiasis","authors":"M. Lahuerta,&nbsp;M. Figoli,&nbsp;V. Vitale,&nbsp;A. Velloso Alvarez","doi":"10.1111/eve.14102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sialolithiasis is an uncommon condition of the salivary gland in the horse, primarily affecting the parotid salivary duct. Clinical signs may include salivary stasis within the gland and potential progression to sialadenitis, facial draining tract or a permanent fistula. A 19-year-old Warmblood gelding was referred with septic sialadenitis of the right parotid gland. A 4 cm sialolith was detected radiographically and removed surgically. Although surgery was uneventful and patency of the salivary duct was assessed intraoperatively, mild accumulation of saliva within the gland was noted 1 day later. A stenosis caudal to where the sialolith was lodged was diagnosed through contrast radiography. Balloon dilatation of the stenosis was attempted unsatisfactorily, and a polyethylene catheter was placed and sutured to the oral mucosa to maintain the parotid emptying. A week later, the oral portion of the catheter was chewed by the horse, preventing catheter removal without surgery. Subsequently, ultrasonographic and radiographic re-evaluations were performed routinely to assess the patency of the catheter or complications associated with long-term placement. After 1 year, no salivary stasis in the gland or complications were observed. This is the first description of successful long-term indwelling catheter placement to resolve stenosis of the salivary duct. This procedure may offer a simple, economical and safe option compared to more complicated or invasive techniques previously described in horses, with excellent functional and cosmetic results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 7","pages":"e126-e133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenteric rents in the ascending mesocolon as a cause of colic — A retrospective case series","authors":"N. Verhaar,&nbsp;F. Geburek,&nbsp;G. Cuevas Ramos,&nbsp;S. Skov Hansen","doi":"10.1111/eve.14107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ventral and dorsal components of the ascending colon are adjoined by the ascending mesocolon, and few case reports have described congenital or acquired malformations of this structure. This case series reports the occurrence of large mesenteric rents of the ascending mesocolon (<i>Hernia mesocolica coli ascendentis</i>) in six adult horses diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy. Based on the history of the patients, the rents were most likely acquired. The rents were mainly located directly adjacent to the left dorsal colon, and without affecting the intestinal blood supply. The size of the defect varied between 20 and 80 cm, and in 5/6 cases it was a subacute or chronic rupture with rounded edges. Two different types of intestinal displacements in relation to the rent were found, with either a localised torsion of the dorsal colon or incarceration of the pelvic flexure in the rent. In all cases, the intestine could be repositioned, and the rent was sutured. Despite some minor postoperative complications, the short- and long-term outcomes were excellent. It was hypothesised that trauma elicited by an intrauterine foal or recurrent colon displacements may have been the cause of the rent in some of the cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 11","pages":"e275-e282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine tongue tumours: A multicentre retrospective study","authors":"C. Noll,&nbsp;C. Reyner,&nbsp;J. E. Dechant,&nbsp;C. Omura,&nbsp;P. Dixon,&nbsp;M. Nowak,&nbsp;S. Schulte-Bahrenberg,&nbsp;J. Fowlie,&nbsp;H. M. Lang,&nbsp;T. S. Mair,&nbsp;T. Prange","doi":"10.1111/eve.14114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumours of the oral cavity in horses are rare, and because they are not easily visible, their diagnosis is often delayed. Different types of equine tongue tumours have been described, but information about clinical signs, treatments and outcomes is very limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify horses with a confirmed antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour and to document their clinical presentation, treatment and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multicentre study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records (1997–2024) from eight specialty or referral practices were reviewed. Horses met inclusion criteria if an antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour was made and confirmed by cytology or histopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen horses met the inclusion criteria. Presenting complaints included one or more of the following: tongue mass (4) or wound (2), difficulty eating (6), external facial swelling (2) and abnormal respiratory noise (2). Tumours were identified as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (5), melanoma (2), mast cell tumour (2), anaplastic carcinoma (1), poorly differentiated carcinoma (1), B-cell lymphoma (1) and neuroendocrine tumour (1). Seven of 13 horses (54%) underwent surgical treatment. Five of the seven (71%) had no recurrence for ≥1 year, and two were euthanised earlier for reasons other than tumour regrowth. One mast cell tumour responded to conservative treatment. All horses with SCC were euthanised following palliative or no treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main limitations are the small sample size, a result of the rarity of the condition and the diversity of performed diagnostics and treatments, a consequence of the multicentre study design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses with tongue tumours frequently present for evaluation of a tongue laceration or mass and biopsy or cytology is required for definitive diagnosis. While the prognosis for lingual SCC was uniformly grave, surgical excision for other types of tongue tumours carried a good long-term prognosis in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 11","pages":"597-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle transposition graft for closure of a permanent tracheostoma in a Quarter Horse mare","authors":"G. P. Stemmet,&nbsp;R. Labens","doi":"10.1111/eve.14106","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.14106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Permanent tracheostomy is sometimes required in horses with severe and irreversible obstructive upper airway conditions. Abnormal respiratory noise and altered vocalisation may be of concern to owners and its influence on mare-foal recognition and bonding should be considered. Reversal of a permanent tracheostoma in the horse has not been described. This case report presents the case of a 13-year-old Quarter Horse mare with a longstanding permanent tracheostoma that underwent primary surgical closure of the stoma 6 years after resolution of the underlying disease. It demonstrates the value of considering surgical closure of permanent stomata when underlying conditions have resolved or improved and animal welfare implications are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"37 9","pages":"e185-e191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}