M. M. Brosnahan, K. L. Wycislo, M. E. White, E. L. Oberhaus
{"title":"Endocrine profile of a 9-year-old thoroughbred mare with idiopathic inappropriate lactation","authors":"M. M. Brosnahan, K. L. Wycislo, M. E. White, E. L. Oberhaus","doi":"10.1111/eve.14191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inappropriate lactation, or the onset of lactation in the absence of gestation, occurs sporadically in mature mares, but the aetiology is often uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia secondary to the dopaminergic neurodegeneration that also results in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is cited as a common aetiology, but data on these cases are lacking. Phytoestrogens in forage have been proposed as another possible, though unproven, inciting factor. Anecdotally, many cases of inappropriate lactation are considered idiopathic, and treatment is often not attempted. To further characterise this condition, this report presents detailed results of serial endocrine tests from a 9-year-old Thoroughbred mare with inappropriate lactation, as well as fluid cytology and the data from a forage analysis. Interpretation of this data supports a diagnosis of idiopathic inappropriate lactation, with clinical signs only partially resolving during treatment with pergolide. A role for persistent inflammation should be considered in these cases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"e189-e195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on diagnosis, nonpharmacological treatment and prevention of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)","authors":"R. Lensing, A. K. Barton","doi":"10.1111/eve.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The term Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) has been used since 1999. As there are important differences, the terms Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) were introduced in 2015. Risk factors like dietary management, training regimens and drug side effects, as described for NSAIDs, predispose horses to ESGD or EGGD. To date, gastroscopy remains the gold standard for a reliable diagnosis. However, there are new diagnostic approaches using less invasive biomarkers. Based upon current best evidence, the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole is the treatment of choice for both ESGD and EGGD. Alternative nonpharmacological treatments have been investigated due to the high cost of approved omeprazole, long-term adverse effects in humans and the restriction on omeprazole use in some equestrian sports. An update on diagnosis, nonpharmacological treatment options and prevention of ESGD/EGGD is the focus of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"206-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonefficient treatment for a mostly cosmetic problem?","authors":"E. K. Hainisch, S. Brandt","doi":"10.1111/eve.14217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aural plaques are a common condition but rarely need treatment. Diagnosis is usually straightforward by clinical examination. Differential diagnosis distinguishing aural plaques from sarcoid, if needed, is best achieved by PCR from surface samples or swabs. There is little evidence of any effect of autohaemotherapy. In contrast, Imiquimod is highly successful in the treatment of aural plaques. Purely cosmetic therapy of aural plaques is questionable.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"175-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transoral endoscopic-guided subepiglottic cyst excision in two standing horses using a polypectomy snare","authors":"E. J. F. Wall, F. E. Hillen, H. D. O'Neill","doi":"10.1111/eve.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subepiglottic cysts (SECs) form within the aryepiglottic tissue of the equine upper airway and are thought to arise from remnants of the embryonic thyroglossal duct, craniopharyngeal duct or Ranke's pouch. The clinical presentation of affected horses can vary, with larger cysts usually associated with signs such as dysphasia, exercise intolerance and epiglottic entrapment. Incidental recognition of asymptomatic cases can occur during routine endoscopic examination. Various surgical approaches and techniques for cyst excision have been described and are most commonly performed under general anaesthesia. This case report describes an alternative surgical technique in two horses where cyst excision was performed under standing sedation using a transoral approach with endoscopic guidance. A four-wire electrocautery polypectomy snare was used to encircle and excise the cyst(s) in toto. The technique offers advantages including improved visualisation of the surgical field and reduced complications usually associated with general anaesthesia. In both cases, the surgery was well tolerated, the cysts were successfully removed without complication, and recoveries were uneventful.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"e210-e217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Premature ovarian failure in a 16-year-old warmblood mare","authors":"V. Akbarinejad","doi":"10.1111/eve.14226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14226","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovarian failure has been recognised in old mares, usually older than 19–20 years old; however, in equine, little information is available about premature ovarian failure, which refers to the occurrence of ovarian senescence at ages younger than expected. The present case report describes a 16-year-old mare with a history of infertility as well as intrauterine fluid accumulation during oestrus and ovulation disorders in the years before referral. At referral, the mare was examined using transrectal ultrasonography and it had no follicle larger than 15 mm on the ovaries. Thereafter, the ovaries of the mare were transrectally examined periodically, but there was no evident change in the follicular growth on the ovaries even after a period of treatment with buserelin for stimulation of follicular growth. In addition, blood samples were collected from the mare for measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), as an indirect marker of ovarian reserve, at referral as well as before and after treatment with buserelin. Additionally, blood samples were collected from cyclic mares (during breeding season) and deeply anoestrous mares (during non-breeding season) for assessment of serum AMH. Although AMH was detected in both cyclic and deeply anoestrous mares, it was not detectable in any of the samples derived from the mare with inactive ovaries. In conclusion, considering the inactive ovaries, undetectable serum AMH and the age of the mare, this case was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure probably due to diminished ovarian reserve.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"e196-e201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Bastianetto, M. I. de Azevedo, I. S. Ferrão, P. Fantini, E. M. M. Lima, M. B. Castro, C. B. de Melo
{"title":"Aural plaques: Considerations on autohaemotherapy treatment in four Mangalarga Marchador crossbred horses","authors":"E. Bastianetto, M. I. de Azevedo, I. S. Ferrão, P. Fantini, E. M. M. Lima, M. B. Castro, C. B. de Melo","doi":"10.1111/eve.14196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The occurrence of Aural Plaques (AP) in horses, attributed to infection with <i>Equus caballus</i> Papillomavirus (EcPV), has become increasingly prevalent in equine breeding populations. Major challenges in managing this condition include genetic susceptibility to the virus, significant variability in individual immune responses among horses and the limited efficacy of currently available treatments. Although some treatments have shown partial success, a definitive and universally effective resolution for this condition in horses remains elusive. This case report aims to discuss the challenges encountered and findings related to the use of autohaemotherapy as a treatment for AP in four Mangalarga Marchador crossbred horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"e180-e188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.14196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporomandibular joint ankylosis caused by intraoral needle in a 3-year-old Arabian mare","authors":"A. Sajedi, M. Tayebi, M. Ghalandari","doi":"10.1111/eve.14221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.14221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 3-year-old Arabian mare was referred for evaluation of swelling beneath the tongue, unilateral facial swelling, mandibular abscess drainage, severe oral cavity wounds, anorexia and depression. Radiographic imaging revealed a metallic foreign body located near the caudal molars, adjacent to the laryngeal region. Due to significant trauma-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis and severe limitation in mouth opening, surgical access was extremely challenging. After extensive planning, the mare was anaesthetised and after 90 min of delicate manipulation, the foreign object, identified as a needle embedded within the daily forage, was successfully retrieved. Postoperative wound management and medical therapy led to complete recovery over 2 weeks. This case emphasises the importance of considering intraoral foreign bodies in horses presenting with unexplained facial swelling and oral trauma.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 4","pages":"e207-e209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distal urethral obstruction in an eight-week-old colt with struvite urolithiasis","authors":"M. T. Connaughton, A. Wilson, C. M. Baldwin","doi":"10.1111/eve.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eve.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-week-old Thoroughbred colt presented with acute colic signs. Physical examination and transcutaneous ultrasound of the abdomen and penis revealed a urinary tract obstruction in the distal urethra due to urolithiasis. A distal urethrotomy over the site of obstruction was performed to remove the urolith and relieve the obstruction. Analysis of urolith constituency revealed the presence of pure magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite). Urinalysis identified a lower urinary tract infection (UTI) with the presence of urease-producing bacteria. Patent urinary flow via the urinary catheter was present immediately after surgery. Urinary catheterisation was discontinued after 36 h, and the foal resumed normal micturition. The foal was discharged after 5 days. At telephone follow-up 12 months later, the owner reported no recurrence of urolithiasis or altered micturition. At the time of authorship, this report describes the youngest case of urolithiasis in equids documented in the literature and features an atypical crystalloid composition of the urolith. The report highlights the potential for urolith development in young foals with concurrent lower UTI and urethral obstruction as a differential for colic in foals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11786,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Education","volume":"38 3","pages":"e130-e136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eve.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}