A. Khodayari, A. Ghaffari, R. Kazemi, R. Braunstingl
{"title":"Modify car following model by human effects based on Locally Linear Neuro Fuzzy","authors":"A. Khodayari, A. Ghaffari, R. Kazemi, R. Braunstingl","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940465","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, simulation has become a cost-effective option for the evaluation of infrastructure improvements, on-road traffic management systems, and in vehicle driver support systems due to the fast evolution of computational modeling techniques. This paper presents a Locally Linear Neuro-Fuzzy (LLNF) model to simulate and predict the future behavior of a Driver-Vehicle-Unit (DVU). Local Linear Model Tree (LOLIMOT) learning algorithm is applied to train the model using real traffic data. This model was developed based on a new idea for estimating the instantaneous reaction of DVU, as an input of LLNF model. The model?s performance was evaluated based on real observed traffic data and also through comparisons with the results of LLNF models based on constant reaction delay. The results showed that LLNF model based on instantaneous reaction delay input outperformed the other car following models.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121638260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vehicle dynamics and road geometry estimation using a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy observer with unknown inputs","authors":"H. Dahmani, M. Chadli, A. Rabhi, A. Hajjaji","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a methodology for estimating both vehicle dynamics and road geometry using a Fuzzy unknown input observer. Vehicle sideslip and roll parameters are estimated in presence of the road bank angle and the road curvature as unknown inputs. The unknown inputs are then estimated using the observer results. The used nonlinear model deduced from the vehicle lateral and roll dynamics with a vision system is represented by a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model in order to take into account the nonlinearities of the cornering forces. Taking into account the unmeasured variables, an unknown inputs (TS) observer is then designed on the basis of the measure of the roll rate, the steering angle and the lateral offset given by the distance between the road centerline and the vehicle axe at a look-ahead distance. Synthesis conditions of the proposed fuzzy observer are formulated in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) using Lyapunov method. Simulation results show good efficiency of the proposed method to estimate both vehicle dynamics and road geometry.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131567842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recursive pose dependent AAM: Application to drivers' monitoring","authors":"L. Teijeiro-Mosquera, J. Alba-Castro","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940574","url":null,"abstract":"A general purpose driver's monitoring system should be able to robustly estimate the main rigid and elastic facial movements through time. Model-based methods have many advantages over feature-based methods for succeeding in this task. This paper presents a system for robust real-time tracking of a set of facial landmarks based on Active Appearance Models. The main differences with other AAM proposals in the literature are twofold. First, a run-time adaptation of the AAM regression matrix using a recursive algorithm to improve convergence precision, second, a multiresolution pose-dependent strategy, PD-AAM, to reduce error in landmarks location for rotated faces and to reduce also computational burden. The proposal is tested in the BUHMAP database, a public database with head and expression movements and in an own set of videos captured in a car. Tests show that the conjunction of these two strategies improve results over a classical AAM tracking system.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socio-economic assessment of the SAFESPOT cooperative systems - Methodology, final assessment results and deployment conclusions","authors":"T. Geissler, R. Schindhelm, A. Luedeke","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the methodology and the results of the socio-economic impact assessment of the SAFESPOT cooperative systems. Two application bundles, based on communication between vehicles or between vehicles and the infrastructure, which address the same problem areas of road safety (intersections, hazardous road and weather conditions, speed and inappropriate distance), are compared concerning their socio-economic benefits and system costs for the target year 2020. The results show that the infrastructure based bundle is slightly more effective in avoiding casualties, thus leading to higher safety benefits. The system costs are dominated by the infrastructure costs so that the lower invehicle costs of the infrastructure based system are outweighed by far. In terms of benefit-cost ratio the system based on vehicle-vehicle communication proves its efficiency whereas the vehicle-infrastructure based system is too expensive under the assumptions introduced for the assessment. In general it can be concluded that cooperative systems, especially when infrastructure comes into play, should aim towards leaner and smarter equipment at lower unit costs. Concerning deployment, it is argued that the system based on vehicle-vehicle communication looks more promising from the socio-economic perspective. The equipment of infrastructure on a limited scale, concentrating on black spots, would help to overcome the critical mass threshold of the vehicle-vehicle applications in early deployment phase.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129799815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometrically motivated set-point control strategy for the standard N-trailer vehicle","authors":"M. Michałek","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940436","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a novel control strategy for the problem of set-point feedback control for an articulated vehicle consisting of the unicycle-like tractor followed by the N passive semi-trailers. The concept results from geometrical interpretations of the vehicle model and the way in which the velocity components propagate along the kinematic chain. The control strategy is formulated for the original vehicle configuration space not involving any model transformations or approximations. The solution proposed is characterized by the fast and non-oscillatory convergence of the vehicle to the desired configuration. Formal considerations are examined by the simulations of backward parking maneuvers with 3-trailer vehicle, where the control input limitations of the tractor are preserved by using a simple scaling procedure.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127608491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A spectral clustering and kalman filtering based objects detection and tracking using stereo vision with linear cameras","authors":"Safaa Moqqaddem, Y. Ruichek, R. Touahni, A. Sbihi","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940540","url":null,"abstract":"3D scene based objects detection and tracking is a central problem in many intelligent transportation applications. Dynamic stereo vision is the known approach to solve this problem. It consists in detecting and tracking objects from their reconstructed features using stereo images. This paper proposes a new method for detecting and tracking objects using stereo vision with linear cameras. Edge points extracted from the stereo linear images are first matched to reconstruct points that represent the objects in the scene. To detect the objects, a clustering process based on a spectral analysis is then applied to the reconstructed points. The obtained clusters are finally tracked throughout their center of gravity using Kalman filtering and a Nearest Neighbour based data association algorithm. Experimental results using real stereo linear images are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for obstacle detection and tracking in front of a vehicle.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133931423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the performance of vehicular networks in high traffic density conditions with cognitive radios","authors":"N. Kirsch, Brett M. O'Connor","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940575","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular ad hoc networks offer safety and travel efficiency by sharing information between vehicles and roadside units. The performance of current proposed standard can suffer when there is a large amount of spectral congestion. Spectral congestion can result when there is high vehicle density such as traffic jams. In this paper, we propose a cognitive radio system to spatially and temporally add additional channels to VANETs. This additional spectrum can increase the throughput and decrease the probability of packet collisions.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132753365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Spehr, Dennis Rosebrock, Daniel Mossau, R. Auer, Stefan Brosig, F. Wahl
{"title":"Hierarchical scene understanding for intelligent vehicles","authors":"J. Spehr, Dennis Rosebrock, Daniel Mossau, R. Auer, Stefan Brosig, F. Wahl","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940566","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main tasks of intelligent vehicles is the extraction of information from the vehicle's surroundings and the understanding of the extracted information. The understanding of the environment allows the vehicle to drive autonomously or to support the driver in difficult or dangerous situations. In this paper we propose a vision-based hierarchical interpretation approach. First, we consider one single physical camera as a set of virtual sensors, where each virtual sensor gathers a type of 3d information. Then, the 3d information of this set is converted to high-level information that allows further reasoning. The interpretation is based on a hierarchical scene representation, where objects are recognized using nonparametric belief propagation. To demonstrate this approach we adopted the scene understanding to a parking spot finding application and show that it is real-time applicable and reliable even for multiple camera (on-board) systems.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Glavtchev, Pınar Muyan-Özçelik, Jeffrey M. Ota, John Douglas Owens
{"title":"Feature-based speed limit sign detection using a graphics processing unit","authors":"Vladimir Glavtchev, Pınar Muyan-Özçelik, Jeffrey M. Ota, John Douglas Owens","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940539","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we test the idea of using a graphics processing unit (GPU) as an embedded co-processor for real-time detection of European Union (EU) speed-limit signs. The input to the system is a set of grayscale videos recorded from a forward-facing camera mounted in a vehicle. We introduce a new technique for implementing the radial symmetry detector (RSD) efficiently using the native rendering capabilities of a GPU. The technique maps the algorithms to the hardware such that the detection of speed-limit sign candidates is significantly accelerated. The system reaches up to 88% detection rate and runs at 33 frames per second on video sequences with VGA (640×480) resolution on an embedded system with an Intel Atom 230 @ 1.67 GHz CPU and a NVIDIA GeForce 9400M GS GPU.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129420425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"StereoScan: Dense 3d reconstruction in real-time","authors":"Andreas Geiger, Julius Ziegler, C. Stiller","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2011.5940405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940405","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate 3d perception from video sequences is a core subject in computer vision and robotics, since it forms the basis of subsequent scene analysis. In practice however, online requirements often severely limit the utilizable camera resolution and hence also reconstruction accuracy. Furthermore, real-time systems often rely on heavy parallelism which can prevent applications in mobile devices or driver assistance systems, especially in cases where FPGAs cannot be employed. This paper proposes a novel approach to build 3d maps from high-resolution stereo sequences in real-time. Inspired by recent progress in stereo matching, we propose a sparse feature matcher in conjunction with an efficient and robust visual odometry algorithm. Our reconstruction pipeline combines both techniques with efficient stereo matching and a multi-view linking scheme for generating consistent 3d point clouds. In our experiments we show that the proposed odometry method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. Including feature matching, the visual odometry part of our algorithm runs at 25 frames per second, while - at the same time - we obtain new depth maps at 3-4 fps, sufficient for online 3d reconstructions.","PeriodicalId":117811,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116220840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}