Energy Storage最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Thermal Energy Management for Different Phase Change Materials by Polypyrrole Impregnation","authors":"Pankaj Singh Rawat,&nbsp;Deepika P. Joshi,&nbsp;Jaspreet Singh Aulakh","doi":"10.1002/est2.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energy storage systems have emerged as a key area of research due to growing global energy sustainability concerns. Phase change materials (PCMs) store energy in the form of latent heat and have applications at various temperatures. In the present work, Octadecane (M.P. 28°C) and Paraffin wax (M.P. 58°C) are selected as phase change materials, while Polypyrrole is chosen as a supporting material. Octadecane or Paraffin-based composites with varying weight percentages of Polypyrrole are prepared by the direct melt mixing method. Leakage tests suggest that Octadecane having 30 wt% Polypyrrole (OCT/PPY-3 composite) and Paraffin having 20 wt% of Polypyrrole (PAR/PPY-2 composite) show excellent shape stability. XRD patterns and FTIR spectra confirm the successful synthesis of OCT/PPY-3 and PAR/PPY-2 composites without any impurities or chemical reactions. DSC analysis reveals that Polypyrrole impregnation decreases the latent heat of octadecane and paraffin by 88 and 68 J g⁻¹, respectively, without any change in the melting temperature of the respective PCMs. Polypyrrole impregnation enhances the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of octadecane by 30°C and 47%, respectively; however, it does not affect paraffin. Charging and discharging times of pure PCM are shortened by polypyrrole impregnation. Therefore, the inherent properties of OCT and paraffin have been altered in distinct ways as a result of polypyrrole impregnation. In conclusion, OCT/PPY-3 can be considered a promising material for thermal management in buildings and textiles, while PAR/PPY-2 can be a promising candidate for water heaters and solar cookers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Power Split Control for State of Charge Balancing in Battery Systems With Integrated Spatial Thermal Analysis and Aging Estimation","authors":"Vivek Teja Tanjavooru,&nbsp;Melina Graner,&nbsp;Prashant Pant,&nbsp;Thomas Hamacher,&nbsp;Holger Hesse","doi":"10.1002/est2.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an optimal control strategy for SOC balancing and introduces a framework for analyzing the spatial temperature distribution in a multi-pack battery energy storage system (BESS) composed of multiple battery modules. While various control techniques exist to distribute power among parallel-connected battery systems, their influence on the spatial temperature distribution within their modules is often neglected, despite temperature being a critical factor accelerating battery health degradation. To bridge this research gap, this framework integrates a 1D thermal simulation and state-of-health (SoH) estimation with power split control strategies. To showcase the application of this framework, a comparative study of two power-sharing methods is conducted: (i) Model Predictive Control (MPC) based State of Charge (SoC) balancing, and (ii) Rule-Based Control (RBC) strategies, highlighting their impact on temperature distribution and battery aging. Results show that MPC maintains a more uniform temperature profile, limiting peak temperatures to 300 K and minimizing SoH degradation, whereas RBC results in higher peak temperatures (314 K) and accelerated aging. In summary, this framework primarily intends to: (i) Enable researchers to further develop health-aware power-sharing strategies for BESS. (ii) Equip BESS operators with detailed spatial temperature insights to optimize power management and cooling systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Shrimp Shell Powder as a Bio-Template for the Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Biocarbon From Lignin for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Mahalingam Sri Nandha Guru,&nbsp;Singaravelu Vivekanandhan","doi":"10.1002/est2.70204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sodium lignosulfonate was effectively converted into hierarchical porous biocarbon (L/SS-PC) by employing shrimp shell as a bio-template. Further, its properties were enhanced by using KOH as a chemical activating agent (L/SS-AC). To understand the effect of the bio-template and activating agent, sodium lignosulfonate was converted into pristine (L-PC) and activated (L-AC) biocarbon materials by adopting similar processing conditions of 600°C for 1 h under an N₂ atmosphere. The prepared samples are subjected to various characterizations such as CHNS, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, scanning electron microscopy–EDX analysis, and BET surface area analysis to identify their structural and morphological features. The specific surface area of synthesized biocarbon materials is found to be 86, 176, 88, and 836 m² g⁻¹, respectively for the L-PC, L-AC, L/SS-PC, and L/SS-AC. The synthesized biocarbons were used as electrode materials to fabricate the symmetric supercapacitor employing a pouch cell assembly using 1 M KOH as the electrolyte. Their specific capacitance was calculated to be 8.68, 36.56, 18.74, and 72.0 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, respectively, for L-PC, L-AC, L/SS-PC, and L/SS-AC biocarbons. The energy density and power density of the activated hierarchical porous biocarbon (L/SS-AC) were 2.452 Wh kg⁻¹ and 247.67 W kg⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica-Based Microencapsulation of Phase Change Materials for Efficient Thermal Energy Storage: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Kanak Mishra,&nbsp;Shweta Singh,&nbsp;Rachit Agarwal,&nbsp;Nagesh Babu Balam,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;B. Srinivasarao Naik","doi":"10.1002/est2.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermal energy storage (TES) is a key component for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of energy systems, especially in renewable energy integration and building energy management. Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted considerable attention for storing and releasing large amounts of latent heat during phase transitions owing to their high energy density. This review comprehensively explores the development of silica-based microencapsulation methods for PCMs, focusing on their synthesis methods, thermal performances, and practical applications. Key encapsulation approaches, such as sol–gel processes, spray drying, and interfacial polymerization, are discussed, along with their effects on the thermal conductivity, encapsulation efficiency, and energy storage capacity. This review also highlights a critical analysis of the challenges, such as scalability, cost, and environmental concerns associated with synthesis methods. This review aims to guide future research that emphasizes the importance of suitable manufacturing technologies and the development of innovative components of TES systems based on silica-encapsulated PCMs to achieve optimal thermal management in environmentally sustainable construction. Despite the significant potential of silica-based PCMs for thermal energy storage, their applications remain limited in the current literature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model Development for the Estimation of State-of-Charge and Minimization of Charging Time for Batteries of Lithium-Ion in Electric Vehicles”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/est2.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T. K. Guya and T. Bounahmidi, “Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model Development for the Estimation of State-of-Charge and Minimization of Charging Time for Batteries of Lithium-Ion in Electric Vehicles,” <i>Energy Storage</i> 7, no. 3 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70146.</p><p>The figure legends for Figures 3, 4, and 5 are incorrect. They should read as follows:</p><p>Figure 3: Data structure, transmitted models, and Python Battery Mathematical Modeling designed via the pipeline for symbolic expression trees.</p><p>Figure 4: Architecture of artificial neural network (ANN).</p><p>Figure 5: Charging approach of batteries by constant current-constant voltage.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Refined Approach Exploiting Demand Response in Distribution Grids Integrating Renewable Energy and Storage Systems Alongside Metro Facilities via LSTPA Methodology","authors":"Ali Dehghan Pir,&nbsp;Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam,&nbsp;Esmaeil Alibeaki,&nbsp;Nasrin Salehi,&nbsp;Reza Davarzani","doi":"10.1002/est2.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the expansion of electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy integration, and electrified subway systems, maintaining the balance between load and generation in distribution networks has become increasingly challenging. This imbalance can result in power losses, voltage instability, and additional operational costs for independent grid operators (IGOs). To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to enhance the performance and resilience of distribution systems. The model incorporates demand response, energy storage, a battery-to-subway (B2S) system, optimal control of on-load tap changers (OLTCs) and step voltage regulators (SVRs), as well as various generation resources, capacitors, and shunt reactors. A multi-objective, scenario-based stochastic framework is employed to manage uncertainties from renewable sources. To solve the complex optimization problem, the Large-Scale Two-Population Algorithm (LSTPA) is applied, offering robust performance in large-scale scenarios. Simulation results on a standard 33-bus system demonstrate improved efficiency and reliability. Notable findings include a 50% increase in losses after the failure of three distributed generation units and a 35% emission rise following the outage of three renewable units. The proposed model ensures uninterrupted power delivery over a 24-h horizon, regardless of load variations or generation disruptions, making it highly suitable for real-time grid applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Flame Retardant Additives on Fire Properties of Paraffin Impregnated Gypsum","authors":"Nur Izzah Nadiah Iskandar Syah,&nbsp;Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said","doi":"10.1002/est2.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phase change material (PCM) can be integrated into construction materials to mitigate temperature fluctuations and enhance thermal mass. However, their incorporation may increase the combustibility of these materials. This study investigates the fire performance of gypsum boards impregnated with paraffin-based phase change material (RT20) and various flame retardant additives, including ammonium polyphosphate (APP), montmorillonite (MMT), and pentaerythritol (PER). Cone calorimeter tests were conducted to evaluate ignitability, heat release, mass loss, smoke production, and gas emissions. The gypsum + RT20 sample exhibited a time to ignition (TTI) of 31 s. Incorporation of APP reduced the TTI to 27 s, while the combination of APP, MMT, and PER further reduced TTI to 21 s. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) increased from 7.58 kW/m² (gypsum + RT20) to 28.72 kW/m² (gypsum + RT20 + APP), but decreased to 5.42 kW/m² with the addition of MMT and PER. Total heat release (THR) followed a similar trend. The peak specific extinction area (SEA) increased to 487.08 m²/kg with APP but was reduced to 259.24 m²/kg when MMT and PER were added. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide yields showed variability across formulations. The fire growth rate index (FIGRA) and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) were lowest (0.0098 kW/m² · s and 1.9 kW/m², respectively) in the gypsum + RT20 + APP + MMT + PER sample, indicating comparatively lower fire growth and heat release characteristics. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing flame retardant formulations to achieve both effective fire resistance and minimal smoke hazards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Iron Complex as a Potential Catholyte for Alkaline Aqueous Redox Flow Battery","authors":"Jeremiah Belva,&nbsp;Muhammad Aziz","doi":"10.1002/est2.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An alkaline all-iron complex aqueous redox flow battery (AAICARFB) is an RFB that utilizes iron complex as the active material for both its anolyte and catholyte. A key limitation of iron-based RFBs is the use of solid Fe, which prevents full separation between the cell stack and the electrolytes, hindering scalability. This study investigates the properties and performance of iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide electrolytes in alkaline conditions as potential catholytes for AAICARFB, evaluating them as alternatives to ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)₆). The higher redox potential and solubility of the complexes compared with Fe(CN)₆ at neutral pH mean that the AAICARFB that uses the iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide catholyte has the potential to have higher cell voltage and energy potential compared with previous configurations, as energy density depends on both cell voltage and solubility. Catholytes made using Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₃], K₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₃], Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₂(CN)₂], K₄[Fe(Dcbpy)₂(CN)₂], and Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy) (CN)₄] dissolved in strongly alkaline NaOH or KOH solution were studied. As a result, the Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)(CN)₄] was the only iron dicarboxylic bipyridine cyanide complex to exhibit redox activity in alkaline media. It demonstrated a higher redox potential than Fe(CN)₆ and better solubility than some Fe(CN)₆ electrolyte configurations in alkaline conditions. These findings suggest that the Na₄[Fe(Dcbpy)(CN)₄] catholyte has the potential to enhance the energy density of AAICARFB systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/est2.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonizing Transportation With Flywheel Energy Storage Systems: Current Trends and Future Prospects in Sustainable Mobility","authors":"Ravikumar Jayabal","doi":"10.1002/est2.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) have emerged as a sophisticated methodology for energy recuperation, power transmission, and eco-friendly transportation. These systems utilize state-of-the-art high-speed rotors, attaining rotational velocities that surpass 100 000 rpm through the application of carbon fiber-reinforced composites, which augment energy density while minimizing material deformation. Furnished with magnetic bearings, FESS effectively lowers friction and supports elevated rotational speeds, delivering power outputs that can reach up to 10 kW/kg. Recent progress in control algorithms, encompassing neural networks and predictive maintenance frameworks, guarantees meticulous energy management, thereby diminishing energy losses and enhancing reliability. The hybrid integration of FESS with batteries or supercapacitors further refines energy recovery, effectively addressing the constraints associated with standalone systems. Significant applications encompass hybrid vehicles, wherein FESS facilitates fuel savings of up to 35% in urban traffic scenarios, and rail systems, where the recuperation of braking energy leads to a reduction in energy consumption by 30%. Public transit buses outfitted with FESS exhibit fuel savings of 45%, while motorsport applications leverage FESS for immediate energy surges, underscoring their adaptability. Notwithstanding these merits, challenges such as gyroscopic phenomena, standby energy losses, and substantial initial investment costs continue to persist, necessitating advancements in nanotechnology and IoT-enabled monitoring systems to bolster performance. As international initiatives aimed at decarbonizing transportation gain momentum, FESS is strategically positioned to assume a crucial role in sustainable mobility by facilitating efficient energy storage, curtailing emissions, and ensuring enduring reliability. This review elucidates emerging trends, numerical advancements, and the overarching implications of FESS, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for prospective research and development in next-generation energy solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Optimization of Fin Configurations for Increased Thermal Performance in Horizontal Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems","authors":"Naresh Kumar Goud Ranga,&nbsp;S. K. Gugulothu,&nbsp;P. Gandhi","doi":"10.1002/est2.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study optimizes fin height and configuration angle in the lower section of a latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system to enhance thermal performance. Using numerical simulations, the research explores the impact of placing fins exclusively below the horizontal axis, an area with minimal convection heat transfer. The study determines the optimal fin height and investigates four alternative fin configurations to identify the most efficient angle for heat storage. The numerical model is validated with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3% and a melting time deviation of 4.7%. Results show that increasing the extended surface length from 10 to 30 mm reduces melting time by 35% due to enhanced heat conduction. Fin incorporation improves LHTS performance, cutting PCM melting time by at least 50%. Longer extended surfaces reduce temperature variation from 15°C to 6°C, ensuring better heat distribution. High-surface-area fin configurations increase thermal conductivity by 45%, reducing melting time by 28%. A fin angle of 45° accelerates melting by 22% compared with a vertical (90°) configuration due to enhanced convection. Optimizing the fin angle at 45° increases velocity magnitudes within the PCM by 35%, promoting uniform melting. Reducing the fin angle from 72° to 15° further decreases melting time from 75 to 45 min. Overall, optimizing fin configurations and integrating thermally enhanced PCMs significantly improve LHTS efficiency. The proposed design enhances thermal performance, accelerates phase transition, and ensures uniform temperature distribution, making it suitable for applications such as solar thermal energy storage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}