Environmental Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"First Assessment of Genetic Damage in the Speckled Cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) After Consumption of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Cultivated and Commercialized in Northeastern, Brazil","authors":"Aleson Aparecido da Silva,&nbsp;Eduardo Henrique da Silva Melo,&nbsp;Érima Maria de Amorim,&nbsp;Maria Gislaine Pereira,&nbsp;Claudia Rohde","doi":"10.1002/tox.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports, for the first time, the use of the speckled cockroach <i>Nauphoeta cinerea</i> as a promising bioindicator for genotoxic monitoring. It was validated through control groups (both positive and negative) in addition to testing lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> ) samples from public street markets consumed by <i>N. cinerea</i> specimens in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. <i>N. cinerea</i> nymphs were fed with lettuce samples for 48 h. A negative control group received fish feed hydrated in distilled water, while a positive control was exposed to cyclophosphamide 2 mg/mL within the feed. DNA damage was assessed through two independent experiments using the comet assay on hemolymph cells; results were classified on a scale from 0 to 4 and quantified using Damage Index and Damage Frequency. After exposure and comet assay performance, the hemocytes of <i>N. cinerea</i> demonstrated significant DNA damage within all samples consumed, including the positive control, suggesting the good sensibility of the model and the potential presence of genotoxic compounds on the crop samples. <i>N. cinerea</i> appeared as a sensitive bioindicator for the assessment of DNA damage, offering a novel and potentially valuable tool for assessing a variety of stressors on the DNA. Our findings indicate potential risks associated with lettuce consumption by non-human organisms. Additionally, further investigations integrating water, soil and the vegetable itself are encouraged to verify potentially toxic elements in the crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"682-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tributyltin Protumorigenic Effects Targeting Prostate Cancer Cell Metabolism, Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion","authors":"Mariana Feijó,&nbsp;Luís P. Brás,&nbsp;Catarina M. D. Serra,&nbsp;Lara R. S. Fonseca,&nbsp;Sara Correia,&nbsp;Bruno J. Pereira,&nbsp;Ana P. Duarte,&nbsp;Henrique J. Cardoso,&nbsp;Cátia V. Vaz,&nbsp;Sílvia Socorro","doi":"10.1002/tox.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is an endocrine-related cancer highly dependent on androgenic signaling. Beyond hormone dependence, extrinsic factors play a significant role in the risk of developing PCa, which raises concern about the influence of environmental compounds such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Tributyltin (TBT) is an EDC used in antifouling paints, and its androgenic (and obesogenic) actions have been described. This study investigated the effect of TBT on various cancer hallmarks, specifically its impact on the viability, metabolism, proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cells, using in vitro and in vivo models. Androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (PC3) PCa cells were exposed to 1–100 nM TBT for 24 and 48 h. Additionally, LNCaP cells were treated with 100 nM TBT in the presence of the androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide (1–40 μM) or 10 nM TBT and/or low-density lipoprotein (LDL, 100 μg/mL) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 10 nM, 48 h). Wistar rats were administered TBT (50 μg/kg) every 3 days for 45 days. TBT disrupted glycolytic flux and lipid handling in prostate cells, enhancing their proliferative activity. Moreover, 100 nM TBT stimulated migration and invasion of LNCaP cells. Bicalutamide attenuated the effect of TBT in inducing glucose consumption and LNCaP cell proliferation. A 10× lower TBT concentration maintained the stimulatory effects on LNCaP cells' viability, proliferation, and migration/invasion, sustained by high LDL-cholesterol availability and DHT. Our results show TBT as a potential inducer of PCa progression and aggressiveness and contribute to increasing awareness about the roles of EDCs in the prostate carcinogenic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"709-729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Toxicity Screening of Sodium Dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (LOBS) as a New Alternative Biocide Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models","authors":"Seung Eui Min,&nbsp;Seunghee Oh,&nbsp;Min Seong Jang,&nbsp;Kang-Hyun Han","doi":"10.1002/tox.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium hypochlorite is a well-established biocide extensively used in both living and industrial environments; however, exposure to it or improper handling can harm the human body and the environment. Thus, safer alternatives to sodium hypochlorite are required. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, 2-week repeated-dose toxicity studies (oral, dermal), and acute irritation/corrosion of sodium dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (LOBS), a new alternative biocide in various biological systems. LOBS did not show genotoxic or cardiotoxic effects in the bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, or hERG assay. Both males and females showed an increase in U-Na levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while an increase in focus/foci, thickness in the stomach, and discoloration was observed in the thymus of males during the 2-week repeated oral-dose toxicity study. In the 2-week repeated dermal-dose toxicity study, no significant adverse effects were observed. While mild erythema and edema were observed in all animals during the acute dermal irritation/corrosion study, all the animals recovered. During the acute eye irritation/corrosion study, all animals showed mild corneal clouding, conjunctival redness, and conjunctival chemosis; however, all animals recovered. Moreover, LOBS was classified into category 3 (mild irritant) and category 2A (irritant) in the acute dermal and eye irritation/corrosion studies. Therefore, LOBS should be further developed as a potential alternative biocide to sodium hypochlorite.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"670-681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Influences Epididymal Development in Pubescent Rats","authors":"Ivana Regina da Costa,&nbsp;Débora Hipólito Quadreli,&nbsp;Lucas Marcelo Meira da Silva,&nbsp;Fábio Goulart de Andrade,&nbsp;Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes","doi":"10.1002/tox.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The epididymis is responsible for sperm maturation, but is sensitive to the action of external agents, especially during the peripubertal period. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate class pesticide to which humans are constantly exposed. Currently, there are few studies that evaluate the effects of this insecticide on the epididymis; therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of chlorpyrifos on the postnatal development of the epididymis during the peripubertal period. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control, C5, and C15. The control group received only the vehicle and the C5 and C15 groups received, respectively, 5 and 15 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos via gavage during 40 days (DPN25–DPN65). On DPN 66, the animals were euthanized. The epididymis was used for sperm count, histopathological, stereological, and oxidative stress analyses. Sperm from the vas deferens was used for motility and mitochondrial activity analyses. There was a difference in the proportion of luminal, stromal, and epithelial compartments in the groups exposed to chlorpyrifos. An increase in sperm transit time in the caput epididymis was also observed in the C5 group and a decrease in mitochondrial activity in sperm from the C15 group. Oxidative stress analyses showed a decrease in GST activity in the C5 and C15 groups. Sperm motility remained unchanged. These results suggest that the exposure to chlorpyrifos during peripuberty harms the postnatal development of the epididymis. This study is the first to evaluate the morphology and function of the epididymis in peripubertal rats.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"758-765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report on Field-Evolved Resistance to Lambda-Cyhalothrin in Rice Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee) Populations in Kerala, India: Implications and Concerns of Its Environmental Impact","authors":"Seena R. Subhagan,&nbsp;Berin Pathrose,&nbsp;Mani Chellappan,&nbsp;D. Dhalin,&nbsp;M. S. Smitha,&nbsp;Smita Nair,&nbsp;M. T. Ranjith","doi":"10.1002/tox.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insecticide overuse in agriculture raises significant concerns, particularly in rice cultivation, where pest management heavily relies on chemical control. Major pests, such as rice leaf folders, are frequently targeted, leading to increased insecticide applications and subsequent selection pressure, fostering resistance development. Resistance in rice leaf folder, <i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i> to diamide and organophosphate groups of insecticides has already been reported. However, despite the widespread use of synthetic pyrethroids, particularly <i>lambda</i>-cyhalothrin, in Kerala, India, data on resistance levels and underlying mechanisms remain sparse. This study bridges this gap by assessing the susceptibility of field populations of <i>C. medinalis</i> to <i>lambda</i>-cyhalothrin and investigating the key biochemical mechanisms driving resistance. Resistance ratios (RR) across populations were alarmingly high, ranging from 170.73- to 763.66-fold, indicating significant resistance. Biochemical assays revealed elevated detoxification enzyme activity, including CarE (1.11–1.63 times), GST (2.33–2.97 times), and Cyt P450 (1.52–2.49 times). Synergism assays confirmed metabolic resistance mechanisms, with increased CarE activity contributing to resistance in the PKD population, elevated Cyt P450 activity in the KUD and ONT populations, and multiple detoxification enzymes involved in resistance in the TCR population. This marks the first documented evidence of field-evolved resistance to <i>lambda</i>-cyhalothrin in <i>C. medinalis</i> globally. The outcomes highlight serious implications, as high resistance levels may prompt more frequent and higher doses of insecticide applications, increasing the risk of unintentional environmental contamination, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, evidence from other lepidopteran pests suggests that chronic exposure to broad-spectrum insecticides may enhance preadaptive detoxification pathways, perpetuating a pesticide treadmill and accelerating resistance evolution. Given these findings, the study emphasizes the urgent need for resistance monitoring and integrated resistance management strategies to sustain rice productivity while mitigating ecological risks and preserving the long-term efficacy of available insecticides.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"730-745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: “Up-Regulation of Gadd45α After Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>EXPRESSION OF CONCERN</b>: <span>L. Feng</span>, <span>Y. Zhang</span>, <span>M. Jiang</span>, <span>Y. Mo</span>, <span>R. Wan</span>, <span>Z. Jia</span>, <span>D. J. Tollerud</span>, <span>X. Zhang</span> and <span>Q. Zhang</span>, “ <span>Up-Regulation of Gadd45α After Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α</span>,” <i>Environmental Toxicology</i> <span>30</span>, no. <span>4</span> (<span>2015</span>): <span>490</span>–<span>499</span>, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.21926.\u0000 </p><p>This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 26 November 2013 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, April Rodd; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The Expression of Concern has been agreed following concerns raised by a third party. An investigation identified suspected duplication between the Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining bands shown in Figures 2D and 6A. The authors cooperated with the investigation and provided some original raw data but were unable to locate the original gel image for Figure 6A. As this issue cannot be resolved without the original image, but the conclusions are not believed to be affected, the journal has issued this Expression of Concern to inform and alert readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Selenium Against TiZn Nanocomposite-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in the Freshwater Mussel Unio ravoisieri","authors":"Oumaima Abidi,&nbsp;Abdelhafidh Khazri,&nbsp;Ali Mezni,&nbsp;Rihab belgacem,&nbsp;Wafa Hajlaoui,&nbsp;Tamara García-Barrera,&nbsp;Ezzeddine Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Mohamed Dellali","doi":"10.1002/tox.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing production and application of engineered nanoparticles have raised significant environmental and health concerns, particularly, regarding their potential release into aquatic ecosystems. Among these, multifunctional nanocomposites combining titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have garnered considerable attention due to their widespread use. This study examined the biological responses of the freshwater mussel <i>Unio ravoisieri</i> to TiZn nanocomposites at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/L. In a subsequent phase, the potential protective effects of selenium (Se) against nanocomposite-induced toxicity were assessed using biochemical markers, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The results demonstrated that exposure to TiZn nanocomposites alone induced oxidative stress in the digestive gland, with elevated levels of CAT, GST, AChE, GSH, and MDA in a concentration-dependent manner. However, selenium co-administration at 100 μg/L significantly mitigated these oxidative responses, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against nanocomposite-induced toxicity. These findings suggest promising avenues for the use of selenium in reducing nanoparticle-related environmental stress in aquatic organisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"645-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration of Fluoride Induced Toxicity by trans-Chalcone in Zebrafish Larvae and Its Gill Cell Line: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach","authors":"Mohamed Jaffer Abdul Wazith,&nbsp;Gani Taju,&nbsp;Seepoo Abdul Majeed,&nbsp;Venkatesan Rajkumar,&nbsp;Sivaraj Mithra,&nbsp;Kumaraswamy Kanimozhi,&nbsp;Sathar Zaheer Ahmed,&nbsp;Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed","doi":"10.1002/tox.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluoride (F−), a common environmental contaminant resulting from both natural and human activities, poses a threat to animal and human health globally. Plant-derived phytochemicals with pharmacological properties offer promising potential for mitigating various chemical toxicants. In this study, we explored the potential benefits of <i>trans</i>-chalcone (TC) in counteracting sodium fluoride (NaF) induced toxicity in zebrafish models. The cytotoxic effects of NaF (0–5 mM) and TC (0–100 μM) were evaluated in <i>Dr</i>G cells using MTT and AB assays. The larvae and <i>Dr</i>G cells were treated with NaF alone and in combination with TC to evaluate for ROS generation, biochemical parameters, and the mRNA expression profiles of inflammatory genes (<i>cox-2a</i>, <i>cox-2b</i>, <i>tnf-α</i>, and <i>il-1β</i>) as well as apoptotic regulatory genes (<i>bcl-2</i>, <i>bax</i>, <i>p53</i>, and <i>cas3</i>). Mitochondrial membrane integrity in <i>Dr</i>G cells was analyzed using rhodamine 123. Additionally, the cardiac rate and tactile response were measured in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrated that TC mitigated the toxic effects of NaF by modulating cellular oxidant levels, preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity, and enhancing antioxidant responses in <i>Dr</i>G cells and larvae. Furthermore, TC restored the cardiac rate and tactile response in fluoride-treated larvae and normalized the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic regulatory genes in response to NaF toxicity. Overall, our findings suggest that TC is a promising candidate for reducing cellular oxidant levels, inflammation, and apoptotic stress associated with NaF derived toxicity, utilizing both in vivo and in vitro approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"604-618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Intergenerational Effects of Arecoline on Aedes aegypti via Acute Exposure and Its Role in Inducing the Leg Deformities Involved in Chitin Synthesis Inhibition","authors":"Yuejie Wu,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Longxiang Gao,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhang,&nbsp;Lanying Wang,&nbsp;Yanping Luo","doi":"10.1002/tox.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arecoline is a major active alkaloid in <i>Areca catechu</i> L. Currently, its biological toxicity has been extensively explored using multiple models, such as cell lines, animal embryos and representatives of rodent and non-rodent species. However, the intergenerational impacts of this compound on aquatic invertebrate species remain still unclear. Thus, in this study, using <i>Aedes aegypti</i> as the model insect, we evaluated the toxicity of arecoline to the larvae and its subsequent effects on the developmental parameters of the parental (<i>F</i>₀) and offspring (<i>F</i>₁) generations. Arecoline exhibited a high toxicity to <i>A. aegypti</i> larvae with the LC₅₀ value of 72.68 μg/mL via acute exposure for 48 h. As a result, the cumulative pupation rate of <i>F</i>₀ decreased significantly by ranging from 12.96% to 38.50% with the increase of arecoline concentration from 51.63 to 63.27 μg/mL as compared with that of the blank control. Similarly, the <i>F</i>₀ cumulative emergence rate and the average egg number per female exhibited reductions of 15.30%–43.88% and 26.32%–45.10%, respectively. Meanwhile, leg deformities of <i>F</i>₀ adults were observed as the main visible morphological defects with a maximum rate value of 11.89% at 63.27 μg/mL of arecoline. In contrast, the lifecycle parameters for <i>F</i>₀ mentioned above were not significantly affected in the <i>F</i>₁ generation. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the transcriptome data demonstrated that arecoline-induced leg deformities were associated with extracellular chitin-related biological processes. Furthermore, five chitin synthesis pathway genes (<i>G6PI</i>, <i>GFAT</i>, <i>GNPNA</i>, <i>UAP</i> and <i>CHS</i>) of F₀ adults were significantly down-regulated with ranging from 1.62 to 7.80 folds of the control adults. Correspondingly, the activity of chitin synthetase was significantly inhibited by 72.88% after arecoline exposure. As expected, the chitin contents of leg-deformed adults and their legs were also evidently reduced by 61.13% and 65.44%, respectively. These results imply that acute exposure of arecoline is of high toxicity to <i>A. aegypti</i> larvae and affected the subsequent intergenerational growth and development of <i>F</i>₀ rather than <i>F</i>₁, and that a decrease in chitin synthesis was involved in arecoline-induced leg deformities of <i>A. aegypti</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"581-592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable X-Ray Spectrometry to Assess Metal and Metalloid Bioconcentration in the Compost Worm Eisenia fetida Exposed to Polluted Soil","authors":"Noah Casañas,&nbsp;Maxime Louzon","doi":"10.1002/tox.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessing metal bioconcentration in terrestrial organisms is essential for understanding the ecotoxicological risks associated with soil contamination. This study investigates the potential of portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) as a rapid, non-destructive method for quantifying metal and metalloid bioconcentration in the compost worm <i>Eisenia fetida</i> following exposure to contaminated soils. Initial calibration was performed using spiked worms to establish the relationship between internal concentrations and pXRF signal response. Subsequently, <i>E. fetida</i> individuals were exposed to 48 contaminated soils with varying contamination profiles. After a controlled exposure period, metal and metalloid concentrations in the worms' tissues were measured using a pXRF spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The results obtained by pXRF were original and demonstrate some significant relationships by comparison with internal concentrations measured with conventional elemental analysis methods. By incorporating a modeling step, the predictive capabilities of pXRF data were further validated. The findings highlight the applicability of pXRF for monitoring of metal bioconcentration in soil invertebrates, aligning with the principles of green analytical chemistry by minimizing sample destruction, analysis time, and cost. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional laboratory methods and could significantly enhance environmental risk assessment and biomonitoring strategies for contaminated sites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 9","pages":"658-669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}