Environmental Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of environmental factors on predation rate for Bactrocera dorsalis on a tropical island.","authors":"Jian Wen, Xingyu Geng, Zhe Shan, Jingyao Gong, Yongyue Lu, Fengqin Cao","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In tropical environments, insect prey face high predation rates due to the diverse interspecific interactions driven by various environmental factors. However, a detailed understanding of how these factors interact to influence predation rate remains limited. This complexity increases with the presence of both native and nonnative predators, yet no comprehensive assessment has been conducted. In this study, we used the pupae of the widely distributed fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis to examine how 8 tropical environmental factors affect its predation rate. Principal component analysis identified 3 principal components (PCs) that collectively explain 78.86% of the variance in the influence of these environmental factors: PC1 accounted for 49.62%, PC2 for 15.59%, and PC3 for 12.65%. PC1 was strongly influenced by patch density (loading: 0.87) and altitude (loading: -0.90), with communalities of 77.8% and 82.3%, respectively. PC2 was primarily driven by native predator diversity (loading: 0.90), with the highest communality (84.1%). PC3 was characterized by temperature (loading: 0.65) and humidity (loading: 0.70), with communalities of 81.2% and 81.8%, respectively. Although no individual PC had a significant effect on predation rate, the interaction between PC1 and PC2 was highly significant, indicating a strong combined effect. This interaction likely results from the way altitude and human disturbance contribute to habitat fragmentation, which in turn affects native predator diversity and alters the predation rate for B. dorsalis. These findings offer valuable insights into the interaction between B. dorsalis and its predators, as well as into the effectiveness of potential control strategies involving predators.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis and temporal expression patterns of wing development-related genes in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).","authors":"Fengrui Dou, Wenzhuai Ji, Qing Xie, Jingyu Wang, Yixia Cao, Juan Shi","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvae111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvae111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spongy moth, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), stands as a pervasive international threat, marked by its designation as one of the \"world's 100 worst invasive species\" by IUCN, owing to its voracious leaf-eating habits encompassing over 500 plant species. Its strong flight ability facilitates its spread and invasion. The present study aims to uncover differential gene expression, utilizing the Illumina Novaseq6000 sequencing platform for comprehensive transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of total RNA extracted from larvae and pupae. Results revealed pivotal processes of protein functional structure conformation, transport, and signal transduction in functional gene annotation during the 2 developmental stages of spongy moth. 18 functional genes, namely, Distal-less (Dll), Wingless (Wg), Decapentaplegic (Dpp), Hedgehog (Hh), Cubitus interruptus (Ci), Patched (Ptc), Apterous (Ap), Serrate (Ser), Fringe (Fng), Achaete (Ac), Engrailed (En), Vestigial (Vg), Scute (Sc), Invected (Inv), Scalloped (Sd), Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Serum Response Factor (SRF), and Spalt-major, associated with wing development were identified, and their expression levels were meticulously assessed through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 1st-6th instar larvae and male and female pupae wing discs. The results showed that 18 genes exhibited expression. Furthermore, the relative expression values of wing development-related genes were significantly higher in the pupae stage than in the larval stage. The relative expression values of male and female pupae were also significantly different. The RT-qPCR results were in general agreement with the results of transcriptome analysis. This study establishes a foundational understanding of the developmental mechanisms governing the formation of spongy moth wings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental factors impacting leg coloration in Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"K Clint Allen, Blake H Elkins, Nathan S Little","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is widely distributed throughout North and South America. It appears on important crop hosts with mixed populations of other looper species, especially the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). One of the earliest attempts to distinguish between the 2 species was to examine the legs of caterpillars, and those that possessed \"black\" legs were considered soybean loopers. However, it was demonstrated that this characteristic was variable and not under simple genetic expression. We examined 3 different environmental factors (temperature, light duration, and rearing density) to determine if these had an impact on the development of dark coloration on soybean looper legs. Larvae were exposed to 5 distinct levels of each environmental variable. We found that all 3 factors impacted the amount of dark coloration in the legs. Larvae reared at the coldest temperature and most light displayed darker-colored legs as early as the third instar of larval development. As larval rearing density increased, dark coloration on legs also increased, but this was not apparent until the fifth instar of larval development. There was a general trend for pupal weight to decrease and days to pupation to increase as the percentage of darkness on soybean loopers' legs increased within the various treatments of the study. Overall, dark leg coloration was largely dependent on environment and an apparent fitness cost was associated with larvae exhibiting darker legs within the various rearing conditions examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to sex pheromone from the pupal stage through eclosion has contrasting effects on subsequent mating behaviors of codling moth and oriental fruit moth adults.","authors":"Kelsey N Tobin, Julianna K Wilson, Juan Huang, Lukasz L Stelinski, Monique J Rivera","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mating disruption is achieved by releasing synthetic pheromones into crop systems to disrupt natural mating behavior of targeted pests. Dispensers of synthetic pheromones are deployed in various crops with the intent of limiting males from finding females thereby reducing or delaying mating to lower pest populations over time. Codling moth (CM) (Cydia pomonella L.) and oriental fruit moth (OFM) (Grapholita molesta) (Busck) are worldwide pests of pome and stone fruits. We investigated the hypothesis that pupal exposure to species-specific sex pheromones affects subsequent mate-finding ability, mating behavior, and reproductive output of adult CM and OFM. Laboratory experiments revealed that pheromone exposure during the pupal stage significantly impacts CM reproductive output and mate-finding, whereas these effects were not observed with OFM. Our findings suggest that targeted deployment of pheromones to cause pupal exposure may enhance control of certain species such as CM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lifelong effects of anoxia hormesis in solitary bees.","authors":"Michaelyne Wilkinson, Giancarlo López-Martínez","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stimulatory and protective response known as hormesis elicits an often over compensatory response resulting in life-history trait improvements. There are an array of abiotic and biotic agents that have been shown to trigger hormesis; most commonly studied are chemicals, temperature, and low oxygen. Investigations into low-oxygen exposures that activate the hormetic response reveal that insect performance can be dramatically improved by single short low-oxygen events, but the focus of this work has been primarily on short-term, transitory protection afforded by hormesis. Few reports examine whether the effect is longer lasting or lifelong. We previously reported that one hour of anoxia was enough to induce a hormetic response in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Here, we investigated the long-term effects of this response by looking at starvation resistance, flight, and locomotory activity throughout the life of the adult bees. In addition, we studied the effects of anoxia hormesis on multiple reproductive metrics. Anoxia hormesis had lifelong positive effects for flight in both sexes. We also recorded higher starvation survival in bees that experienced hormesis. This improvement in performance came at a steep reproductive cost (ie reduction in fecundity). However, no costs or benefits were passed to the next generation. We hypothesize that using anoxia hormesis in the context of pollination services by this species should result in bees that are more active in the field, thereby increasing the numbers of visits to flowers throughout their entire life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ornamental nurseries adjacent to hardwood-dominated woodlots pose more risk from exotic ambrosia beetles (Xylosandrus spp.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) than pine-dominated woodlots.","authors":"Shimat V Joseph, Ramkumar Govindaraju","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exotic granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), black stem borer, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), and black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) are serious pests of woody ornamental trees in nurseries. Woodlots often surround ornamental nurseries, where the ambrosia beetles fly into nurseries and attack young trees. The woodlots are either dominated by hardwood trees, such as Oaks (Oak spp.), maples (Acer spp.), or pine trees, mainly loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). It is unclear if the woodlot type would influence the abundance of ambrosia beetle pests flying outside the woodlot. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether the hardwood or pine-dominated stand affects the relative abundance of ambrosia beetle pests outside the woodlot. In 2023 and 2024, experiments were conducted by deploying 3 ethanol-lured plastic bottle traps in 4 hardwood and 4 pine-dominated woodlots in mid-Georgia (USA). The overall captures of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus were significantly greater in the hardwood than in the pine-dominated woodlots in both years. The numbers of X. crassiusculus and X. germanus collected in traps were not consistently significantly different between the hardwood and pine-dominated woodlots for most sampling dates. The captures of X. compactus were not influenced by woodlot type. This suggests that although ambrosia beetle pests were collected from both hardwood and pine-dominated woodlots in both years, the risk of infestation in nurseries is greater from the adjacent hardwood than pine-dominated woodlots.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing multispecies pheromone blends of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in southern Texas.","authors":"Marlin E Rice, Jocelyn G Millar, Lawrence M Hanks","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggregation-sex pheromones, that attract both sexes, are produced by male cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Lamiinae, and Spondylidinae. Here, we present the results of a field experiment conducted at multiple sites in southern Texas, primarily near the border with the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. At each site, we deployed traps baited with a 6-component blend of known pheromones of cerambycine and lamiine species + an ethanol lure, a 5-component blend of lamiine pheromones + an ethanol lure, an ethanol lure alone, and a solvent control. Over a ~3-wk period, 846 beetles of 51 species were trapped, representing 36 cerambycine, 14 lamiine, and one prionine species, and one species in the closely related family Disteniidae. For species collected from at least 5 study sites, nonparametric tests of treatment effects revealed that the generic 6-component blend + ethanol attracted significant numbers of one cerambycine species, while the lamiine blend + ethanol attracted one cerambycine species and 2 lamiine species. The ethanol lure attracted 2 additional cerambycine species in significant numbers. For species that were captured at fewer sites, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests showed that the 2 pheromone blends + ethanol attracted significant numbers of another 6 species of cerambycines and 4 species of lamiines. Captures noteworthy from the standpoint of collection records include the rare species Leptostylopsis lutea Dillon, and Lochmaeocles cornuticeps cornuticeps (Schaeffer) and Thryallis undatus (Chevrolet), 2 species which have rarely been reported outside Sabal Palm Sanctuary in Cameron County, Texas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woodborers and wood-decay related beetle responses to a major forest disturbance event in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, California.","authors":"Jackson P Audley, Christopher J Fettig, Leif A Mortenson, Shakeeb M Hamud","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disturbance plays a critical role in the ecology of forests including influencing the abundance and diversity of fauna. Although numerous studies have focused on forest responses to various disturbance events, less attention has been given to arthropod community responses. California experienced an extreme, multi-year drought from 2012 to 2015 which severely stressed trees and incited epidemics of several bark beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Water stress and bark beetles contributed to a significant mortality event of hundreds of millions of trees in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, causing significant structural and compositional changes in forests. Our study sought to characterize woodborer and wood-decay-related beetle responses to various levels of tree mortality and snag (dead standing tree) retention resulting from this tree mortality event. Of particular interest were responses to differences in the orientation of dead wood, standing snags versus fallen snags. Ethanol-baited panel flight intercept traps were deployed for multiple weeks in 2022 and 2023 on plots representative of 3 disturbance classes: (i) low tree mortality (<30%), (ii) high tree mortality (>50%) with low snag fall (≤50%), and (iii) high tree mortality (>50%) with high snag fall (>60%). Woodborers and wood-decay-related beetle assemblages were compared at the family and species level. Our analyses revealed several significant differences in community assemblages among disturbance classes. Despite these differences, our results failed to reveal clear, qualitatively distinctive assemblages among disturbance classes. Rather, we could only conclude general patterns from the observed dissimilarities in richness and abundance. In general, we observed a greater diversity of woodborers on high-mortality plots than on low-mortality plots. Similarly, the diversity of wood-decay-related beetles generally increased with greater amounts (basal area) of snag fall. The amount of tree mortality and snag fall were positively related to several woodborer and wood-decay-related beetles. Observed beetle assemblages, their corresponding life histories, and the influences of altered habitat availability are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pheromones and temporal mechanisms in the reproductive isolation of Monochamus maculosus, Monochamus notatus, and Monochamus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).","authors":"Samara M M Andrade, Michael J McTavish, Sandy M Smith, Jeremy D Allison","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms used to facilitate mate location among insects-such as pheromones-can inhibit interspecific attraction and confer reproductive isolation. However, pheromone components seem conserved within the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with the compound 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol (referred to as monochamol) being identified as the sex-aggregation pheromone or putative pheromone attractant for at least 15 species in this genus. This pheromone parsimony suggests the existence of additional isolating mechanisms. Here we describe the results of laboratory and field assays of additional mechanisms, including laboratory volatile collections and field trapping experiments that assessed the potential presence of additional pheromone components, diel rhythms of pheromone production, and phenological/diel flight activity in the reproductive isolation of sympatric populations of three species of Monochamus in the Great Lakes Forest Region of Ontario, Canada. Chemical analyses of volatile extractions indicate that monochamol is produced by male Monochamus maculosus and Monochamus scutellatus, but no qualitative differences were observed in male extracts of these two species suggesting that there are no additional pheromone components that confer specificity. No quantitative differences were found in the production of monochamol by male M. scutellatus during the photophase and scotophase suggesting there is no diel rhythm in pheromone production. Our results indicate that M. scutellatus flies earlier in the season and day than M. maculosus and Monochamus notatus, which could partially contribute to their reproductive isolation. Overall, no obvious differences in pheromone composition were observed but minor differences in flight times were observed, suggesting other isolating mechanisms may exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical thermal limits of the seasonal migrant, Euxoa auxiliaris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"Taylor E Kennedy, Sharlene E Sing, Robert K D Peterson","doi":"10.1093/ee/nvaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaf019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The larval stage of the army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), is an agricultural pest in the Great Plains region of North America. Adult migration to alpine aggregation sites to escape extreme summer temperatures and depleted food resources provides a critical food resource for the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis (Linnaeus, Carnivora: Ursidae), in the Rocky Mountains. However, little is understood about the ecological consequences of the thermal tolerance of adult E. auxiliaris. Therefore, we investigated thermal tolerance of lab-reared and wild-caught individuals by assessing their critical thermal limits (CTLmax and CTLmin). Using a ramping tolerance assay, we began at 25 °C and adjusted the temperature at a rate of 0.3 °C/min until individuals lost control of their righting response. Adult moths had a CTLmax (lab-reared: 44.13 °C, wild-caught moths: 43.28 °C) typical for a temperate lepidopteran species. However, their CTLmin (lab-reared: -2.24 °C, wild-caught: -1.9 °C) reflects an extraordinary ability to remain active and feed when ambient temperatures are low. These findings provide insights into the thermal ecology of E. auxiliaris which are essential for predicting the range distribution of the species, and, consequently, the continued availability of this key food source for Rocky Mountain grizzly bears. As climate change continues to affect ambient temperatures, these results underscore the importance of studying thermal tolerance to anticipate ecological shifts and ensure the conservation of both E. auxiliaris and the grizzly bears that depend on them.</p>","PeriodicalId":11751,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}