Epidemiology and Infection最新文献_第3页

Candidemia in the Dominican Republic: species distribution, resistance, clinical characteristics, and outcomes at a tertiary care hospital. 多米尼加共和国的念珠菌：在三级保健医院的种类分布、耐药性、临床特征和结果

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100496

Rita Rojas-Fermín, Javier Rojas-Jiménez, Marlon Rojas-Jimenez, Anel Guzmán-Marte, Ann Sánchez, Alfredo J Mena Lora

引用次数: 0

Dengue fever diagnosis in resource-limited settings. 资源有限地区的登革热诊断。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100460

Zuleihat Eneyamire Baje, Nafiu Lawal, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Mustapha Umar Imam

{"title":"Dengue fever diagnosis in resource-limited settings.","authors":"Zuleihat Eneyamire Baje, Nafiu Lawal, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Mustapha Umar Imam","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100460","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100460","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is an arboviral infection that poses a substantial public health concern, with early diagnosis being a critical factor in effective management. However, limited diagnostic expertise in developing countries contributes to the under-reporting of dengue cases. This review compares the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and the tourniquet test (TT) in diagnosing dengue fever (DF) in non-laboratory-based settings. Relevant original articles on the use of RDTs and TT for dengue diagnosis were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The STARD and QUADAS-2 tools were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Search terms included combinations of 'fever', 'dengue', and '\"diagnosis'. In total, 23 articles were eligible for inclusion. The RDTs demonstrated mean sensitivities and specificities of 76.2% (SD = 13.8) and 91.5% (SD = 10.3), respectively, while the TT showed mean sensitivity and specificity values of 48.6% (SD = 24.9) and 79.5% (SD = 14.9), respectively. Overall, RDTs exhibited superior diagnostic performance compared to the TT. Our findings suggest that the TT is an inadequate stand-alone diagnostic tool for dengue. RDTs should be prioritized for dengue diagnosis in resource-limited settings. However, in situations where RDTs are unavailable, the TT may serve as a supplementary option.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiplex RT-qPCR strategy for SARS-CoV-2 variants detection in developing countries without ngs: The Bolivian experience. 在没有NGS的发展中国家检测SARS-CoV-2变体的多重RT-qPCR策略：玻利维亚的经验。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882510037X

Rudy Parrado, Carolina X Cuba-Grandy, Eugenia Fuentes-Luppichini, Nattaly Grecia Torrico Villarroel, Yercin Mamani-Ortiz, Jaqueline Mendez, Betty Melgarejo, Irenice Coronado-Arrázola, Nair A Montaño, Leonardo I Almonacid, Rafael A Medina, Lineth Garcia, Catalina Pardo-Roa

{"title":"Multiplex RT-qPCR strategy for SARS-CoV-2 variants detection in developing countries without ngs: The Bolivian experience.","authors":"Rudy Parrado, Carolina X Cuba-Grandy, Eugenia Fuentes-Luppichini, Nattaly Grecia Torrico Villarroel, Yercin Mamani-Ortiz, Jaqueline Mendez, Betty Melgarejo, Irenice Coronado-Arrázola, Nair A Montaño, Leonardo I Almonacid, Rafael A Medina, Lineth Garcia, Catalina Pardo-Roa","doi":"10.1017/S095026882510037X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882510037X","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) characterized by increased transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Identifying these variants is essential for guiding public health efforts to control COVID-19. Although whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the gold standard for variant identification, its implementation is often limited in developing countries due to resource constraints. In Bolivia, genomic surveillance is a challenge due to its limited technological infrastructure and resources. An RT-qPCR-based strategy was designed to address these limitations and detect the mutations associated with VOCs and variants of interest (VOIs). The multiplex RT-qPCR commercial kits AllplexTM Master and Variants I (Seegene®) and the ValuPanelTM (Biosearch®) were used to target mutations such as HV69/70del, E484K, N501Y, P681H, and K417N/T. They are characteristic of the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.531), Gamma (P.1), Omicron (B.1.1.529), Mu (B.1.621), and Zeta (P.2) variants. A total of 157 samples collected in Cochabamba from January to November 2021 were evaluated, identifying 44 Gamma, 2 Zeta, 20 Mu, and 10 Omicron were identified. The strategy's effectiveness was validated against WGS data generated with Oxford NanoporeTM technology, showing a concordance rate of 0.96. This highlights the value of the RT-qPCR strategy in guiding the selection of samples for WGS, enabling broader detection of new variants that cannot be identified by RT-qPCR alone.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fundamental limit to the effectiveness of traveller screening with molecular tests. 分子检测对旅行者筛查有效性的根本限制。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100381

Kate Bubar, Casey Middleton, Daniel Larremore, Katelyn Gostic

{"title":"A fundamental limit to the effectiveness of traveller screening with molecular tests.","authors":"Kate Bubar, Casey Middleton, Daniel Larremore, Katelyn Gostic","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100381","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100381","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the appeal of screening travellers to prevent case importation during infectious disease outbreaks, evidence shows that symptom screening is largely ineffective in delaying the geographical spread of infection. Molecular tests offer high sensitivity and specificity and can detect infections earlier than symptom screening, suggesting potential for improved outcomes. However, they were used to screen travellers for COVID-19 with mixed success. To investigate molecular screening's role in controlling COVID-19, and to quantify the effectiveness of screening for future pathogens of concern, we developed a probabilistic model that incorporates within-host viral kinetics. We then evaluated the potential effectiveness of screening travellers for influenza A, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Ebola virus. Even under highly optimistic assumptions, we found that the inability to detect recent infections always limits the effectiveness of traveller screening. We quantify this fundamental limit by proposing an estimator for the fraction of transmission that is preventable by screening. We also demonstrate that estimates of ascertainment overestimate reductions in transmission. These results highlight the essential role that quarantine and repeated testing play in infectious disease containment. Furthermore, our findings indicate that improving screening effectiveness requires the ability to detect infection much earlier than current state-of-the-art molecular tests.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hidden seasonality of pharyngitis and tonsillitis: a recurring early-summer wave of unclear aetiology. 隐藏的季节性咽炎和扁桃体炎：一个反复出现的初夏波病因不明。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100393

Marcin Piotr Walkowiak, Jarosław Walkowiak, Jarosław Szydłowski, Dariusz Walkowiak

{"title":"The hidden seasonality of pharyngitis and tonsillitis: a recurring early-summer wave of unclear aetiology.","authors":"Marcin Piotr Walkowiak, Jarosław Walkowiak, Jarosław Szydłowski, Dariusz Walkowiak","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100393","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100393","url":null,"abstract":"Limited studies on the seasonality of pharyngitis and tonsillitis suggest subtle but unexplained fluctuations in case numbers that deviate from patterns seen in other respiratory diagnoses. Data on weekly acute respiratory infection diagnoses from 2010-2022, provided by the Polish National Healthcare Fund, included a total of 360 million visits. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were sourced from the Copernicus Climate Data Store. Seasonal pattern was estimated using the STL model, while the impact of temperature was calculated with SARIMAX. A recurring early-summer wave of an unspecified pathogen causing pharyngitis and tonsillitis was identified. The strongest pattern was observed in children under 10, though other age groups also showed somewhat elevated case numbers. The reproductive number of the pathogen is modulated by warmer temperatures; however, summer holidays and pandemic restrictions interrupt its spread. The infection wave is relatively flat, suggesting either genuinely slow spread or multiple waves of related pathogens. Symptomatic data unambiguously demonstrate existence of pathogens of quite distinct characteristics. Given its consistent year-to-year pattern, identifying these potential pathogens could enhance respective treatment, including antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attack of the bots: Lessons from a compromised online MSM survey. 机器人的攻击：从一个妥协的在线MSM调查的教训。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882510040X

Abson Madola, Michael DeWitt, Jennifer Wenner, Candice Joy McNeil

{"title":"Attack of the bots: Lessons from a compromised online MSM survey.","authors":"Abson Madola, Michael DeWitt, Jennifer Wenner, Candice Joy McNeil","doi":"10.1017/S095026882510040X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882510040X","url":null,"abstract":"Anonymous online surveys using financial incentives are an essential tool for understanding sexual networks and risk factors including attitudes, sexual behaviors, and practices. However, these surveys are vulnerable to bots attempting to exploit the incentive. We deployed an in-person, limited audience survey via QR code at select locations in North Carolina to assess geolocation application use among men who have sex with men to characterize the role of app usage on infection risk and behavior. The survey was unexpectedly posted on a social media platform and went viral. Descriptive statistics were performed on repeat responses, free-text length, and demographic consistency. Between August 2022 and March 2023, we received 4,709 responses. Only 13 responses were recorded over a 6-month period until a sharp spike occurred: over 500 responses were recorded in a single hour and over 2,000 in a single day. Although free-text responses were often remarkably sophisticated, many multiple-choice responses were internally inconsistent. To protect data quality, all online surveys must incorporate defensive techniques such as response time validation, logic checks, and IP screening. With the rise of large language models, bot attacks with sophisticated responses to open-ended questions pose a growing threat to the integrity of research studies.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public health agencies need to be 'Kennedy ready': take action now to protect vaccine confidence. 公共卫生机构需要做好“肯尼迪准备”。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100368

Ben Kasstan-Dabush, Helen Bedford, Tracey Chantler

引用次数: 0

Predictors of mpox infectious periods: findings from a fine and gray sub-distribution hazard model using Vietnamese national mpox data. m痘感染期的预测因子：使用越南国家m痘数据的精细和灰色亚分布危害模型的发现。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100356

Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang, Van Ngoc Hoang, Thi Thu Trang Dinh, Ngoc Long Vu, Ha Linh Quach

{"title":"Predictors of mpox infectious periods: findings from a fine and gray sub-distribution hazard model using Vietnamese national mpox data.","authors":"Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang, Van Ngoc Hoang, Thi Thu Trang Dinh, Ngoc Long Vu, Ha Linh Quach","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100356","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100356","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating risk factors for mpox's infectious period is vital for preventing this emerging disease, yet evidence remains scarce. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the duration of mpox infectiousness among mpox cases in Vietnam. The primary outcome was the duration of the mpox infectiousness, defined between symptom onset and the first negative test result for the mpox virus. Fine and Gray's regression models were employed to assess the associations between the infectious period and several risk factors while accounting for competing risks of death by mpox. Most mpox cases recovered within 30 days. Patients with HIV or treated at multiple facilities for mpox had lower incidence rates of cleared infection compared to those who were HIV-negative or treated at a single facility. In regression models, patients with mpox symptoms of rash or mucosal lesions (sub-distribution hazard ratios = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.46-0.83), ulcers (0.57, 0.41-0.80), or fever (0.62, 0.46-0.83) had significantly prolonged infectious periods than those without such symptoms. Our findings provided insights for managing mpox cases, especially those vulnerable to prolonged infectious periods in settings with sporadic cases reported.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Penetration of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 α、δ和欧米克隆变体在美国的渗透。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100290

Hosoon Choi, Munok Hwang, John D Coppin, Piyali Chatterjee, Thanuri Navarathna, Emma Brackens, Lynn Mayo, Brandon Corona, Taylor Yakubik, Collin Telchik, Chetan Jinadatha

{"title":"Penetration of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants in the United States.","authors":"Hosoon Choi, Munok Hwang, John D Coppin, Piyali Chatterjee, Thanuri Navarathna, Emma Brackens, Lynn Mayo, Brandon Corona, Taylor Yakubik, Collin Telchik, Chetan Jinadatha","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100290","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100290","url":null,"abstract":"The Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been deemed as variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO due to their increased transmissibility, severity of illness, and resilience against treatments. Geographically tracking the spread of these variants can help us implement effective control measures. RNA from 8,154 SARS-CoV-2 positive nasal swab samples from a Central Texas hospital collected between March 2020 and April 2023 were sequenced in Temple, TX. Global and U.S. sequencing metadata was obtained from the GISAID database on 3 April 2023. Using sequencing metadata, the growth rate of Alpha, Delta, and the first subvariant of Omicron (BA.1) were obtained as 0.27, 0.3, and 1.08 each. The average time in days to penetrate the US for Alpha, Delta, and Omicron were 269.2, 326.2, and 27.3 days, respectively. Viral sequencing data can be a useful tool to examine the spread of viruses. Each emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant penetrated cities more rapidly as the pandemic progressed. With a high logarithmic growth rate, the Omicron variant penetrated the US more rapidly as the pandemic progressed.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aedes aegypti and dengue: insights into transmission dynamics and viral lifecycle. 埃及伊蚊和登革热：传播动力学和病毒生命周期的见解。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100320

Ebrahim Abbasi

{"title":"Aedes aegypti and dengue: insights into transmission dynamics and viral lifecycle.","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100320","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825100320","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) remains a pressing global health challenge, primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biological, environmental, and molecular factors influencing DENV transmission, drawing upon 120 peer-reviewed studies. The narrative analysis highlights the mosquito’s vector competence, shaped by genetic variability, midgut barriers, and immune responses. Environmental drivers particularly temperature, humidity, and urbanization emerge as critical determinants of transmission dynamics. A meta-analysis of 30 studies reveals a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) between temperature (25 °C–30 °C) and transmission efficiency. Proteomic studies further detail molecular interactions facilitating viral entry and replication. Although novel interventions such as Wolbachia-based biocontrol and genetic modification show promise, context-specific implementation remains challenging, especially in low-resource settings. Key research gaps include the impact of climate change, co-infections with other arboviruses, and the long-term efficacy of vector control innovations. Prioritizing interdisciplinary approaches and adapting strategies to local contexts are vital to reducing the dengue burden and informing future public health responses.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0