Epidemiology and Infection最新文献_第2页

Comparison of two methods for the estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness of the autumnal booster within the VEBIS-EHR network in 2022/23.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000317

Susana Monge, James Humphreys, Nathalie Nicolay, Toon Braeye, Izaak Van Evercooren, Christian Holm Hansen, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Massimo Fabiani, Chiara Sacco, Jesús Castilla, Iván Martínez-Baz, Brechje de Gier, Susan Hahné, Hinta Meijerink, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Ausenda Machado, Patricia Soares, Mario Fontán-Vela, Anthony Nardone, Esther Kissling, Baltazar Nunes

{"title":"Comparison of two methods for the estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness of the autumnal booster within the VEBIS-EHR network in 2022/23.","authors":"Susana Monge, James Humphreys, Nathalie Nicolay, Toon Braeye, Izaak Van Evercooren, Christian Holm Hansen, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Massimo Fabiani, Chiara Sacco, Jesús Castilla, Iván Martínez-Baz, Brechje de Gier, Susan Hahné, Hinta Meijerink, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Ausenda Machado, Patricia Soares, Mario Fontán-Vela, Anthony Nardone, Esther Kissling, Baltazar Nunes","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000317","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000317","url":null,"abstract":"Within an infrastructure to monitor vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization due to COVID-19 and COVID-19 related deaths from November 2022 to July 2023 in seven countries in real-world conditions (VEBIS network), we compared two approaches: (a) estimating VE of the first, second or third COVID-19 booster doses administered during the autumn of 2022, and (b) estimating VE of the autumn vaccination dose regardless of the number of prior doses (autumnal booster approach). Retrospective cohorts were constructed using Electronic Health Records at each participating site. Cox regressions with time-changing vaccination status were fit and site-specific estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. VE estimates with both approaches were mostly similar, particularly shortly after the start of the vaccination campaign, and showed a similar timing of VE waning. However, autumnal booster estimates were more precise and showed a clearer trend, particularly compared to third booster estimates, as calendar time increased after the vaccination campaign and during periods of lower SARS-CoV-2 activity. Moreover, the decrease in protection by increasing calendar time was more clear and precise than when comparing protection by number of doses. Therefore, estimating VE under an autumnal booster framework emerges as a preferred method for future monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data for Action - Description of the Automated COVID-19 Surveillance System in Denmark and Lessons Learnt, January 2020 to June 2024. 行动数据 - 2020 年 1 月至 2024 年 6 月丹麦 COVID-19 自动监测系统说明及经验教训。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000263

Gudrun Witteveen-Freidl, Karina Lauenborg Møller, Marianne Voldstedlund, Sophie Gubbels

引用次数: 0

Increasing incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) outbreaks in England 2015-2019.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000226

Iona Smith, Elizabeth Marchant, Juliana Coelho, Megan Bardsley, Amanda Wright, Nicola Love, Sooria Balasegaram, Colin S Brown, Dan Todkill, Theresa Lamagni, Valérie Decraene

引用次数: 0

First nationwide case - case study on factors associated with emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa type t4549 in Denmark, 2022-2023.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000299

Johanna J Young, Tjede Funk, Tinna Ravnholt Urth, Steen Ethelberg, Jesper Larsen, Andreas Petersen

{"title":"First nationwide case - case study on factors associated with emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa type t4549 in Denmark, 2022-2023.","authors":"Johanna J Young, Tjede Funk, Tinna Ravnholt Urth, Steen Ethelberg, Jesper Larsen, Andreas Petersen","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000299","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000299","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) spa type t4549 is increasingly prevalent in Denmark, yet its epidemiological sources remain unclear. This study aimed to generate hypotheses about possible risk factors that may be associated with MRSA t4549 infections. We conducted a nationwide case - case questionnaire study comparing MRSA t4549 cases to other MRSA types (t002, t008, t127, t304, and t223) reported between January 2022 and November 2023. The analysis, which included descriptive statistics and logistic regression, found that 75% of MRSA t4549 cases were male. Infections were significantly more frequent in the foot (28%) and toe (54%) compared to other MRSA types. Key risk factors identified were contact with pheasants (OR = 8.70; 95%CI 1.25-174.29), participation in indoor team sports (OR = 7.54, 95%CI: 1.58-54.82) and swimming (OR = 4.15, 95%CI: 1.97-9.03). Although the limited number of cases warrants cautious interpretation, it is crucial to emphasize the need for preventive measures at both the individual and sports facility levels. Further environmental studies are needed to clarify the role of the environment and wildlife in MRSA t4549 transmission. The increasing prevalence of this spa type in Denmark underlines the importance of implementing effective public health strategies to reduce the risk of MRSA transmission.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution and epidemiology of H3N2 canine influenza virus after 20 years in dogs.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000251

Brian R Wasik, Lambodhar Damodaran, Maria A Maltepes, Ian E H Voorhees, Christian M Leutenegger, Sandra Newbury, Louise H Moncla, Benjamin D Dalziel, Laura B Goodman, Colin R Parrish

{"title":"The evolution and epidemiology of H3N2 canine influenza virus after 20 years in dogs.","authors":"Brian R Wasik, Lambodhar Damodaran, Maria A Maltepes, Ian E H Voorhees, Christian M Leutenegger, Sandra Newbury, Louise H Moncla, Benjamin D Dalziel, Laura B Goodman, Colin R Parrish","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000251","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000251","url":null,"abstract":"The H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from an avian reservoir in Asia to circulate entirely among dogs for the last 20 years. The virus was first seen circulating outside Asian dog populations in 2015, in North America. Utilizing viral genomic data in addition to clinical reports and diagnostic testing data, we provide an updated analysis of the evolution and epidemiology of the virus in its canine host. CIV in dogs in North America is marked by a complex life history - including local outbreaks, regional lineage die-outs, and repeated reintroductions of the virus (with diverse genotypes) from different regions of Asia. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analysis reveal multiple CIV clades, and viruses from China have seeded recent North American outbreaks, with 2 or 3 introductions in the past 3 years. Genomic epidemiology confirms that within North America the virus spreads very rapidly among dogs in kennels and shelters in different regions - but then dies out locally. The overall epidemic therefore requires longer-distance dispersal of virus to maintain outbreaks over the long term. With a constant evolutionary rate over 20 years, CIV still appears best adapted to transmission in dense populations and has not gained properties for prolonged circulation among dogs.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiologic profile of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000202

Neri Alejandro Álvarez-Villalobos, Fernando Gerardo Ruiz-Hernandez, Ana Camila Méndez-Arellano, Jhoan Manuel Azamar-Márquez, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz

{"title":"Epidemiologic profile of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Neri Alejandro Álvarez-Villalobos, Fernando Gerardo Ruiz-Hernandez, Ana Camila Méndez-Arellano, Jhoan Manuel Azamar-Márquez, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000202","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000202","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridiodes difficile's epidemiology has evolved over the past decades, being recognized as an important cause of disease in the community setting. Even so, there has been heterogeneity in the reports of CA-CDI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the epidemiologic profile of CA-CDI.This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA checklist and Cochrane guidelines (CRD42023451134). Literature search was performed by an experienced librarian from inception to April 2023, searching in databases like MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CCRCC, CDSR, and ClinicalTrials. Observational studies that reported prevalence, incidence of CA-CDI, or indicators to calculate them were included. Pool analysis was performed using a binomial-normal model via the generalized linear mixed model. Subgroup analysis and publication bias were also explored. A total of 49 articles were included, obtaining a prevalence of 5% (95% CI 3-8) and an incidence of 7.53 patients (95% CI 4.45-12.74) per 100,000 person-years.In conclusion, this meta-analysis underscores that among the included studies, the prevalence of CA-CDI stands at 5%, with an incidence rate of 7.3 cases per 100,000 person-years. Noteworthy risk factors identified include prior antibiotic exposure and age.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bartonella tracing in wild rodents in northwestern Mexico.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000238

Adriana M Fernández-González, Andrés M López-Pérez, Angel Herrera-Mares, Andrea Chaves, Fabiola Ramírez-Corona, Gerardo Suzán

{"title":"Bartonella tracing in wild rodents in northwestern Mexico.","authors":"Adriana M Fernández-González, Andrés M López-Pérez, Angel Herrera-Mares, Andrea Chaves, Fabiola Ramírez-Corona, Gerardo Suzán","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000238","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000238","url":null,"abstract":"Bartonella is a widely distributed Gram-negative bacterium that includes species that are capable of causing illness in humans. Rodents represent one of the main reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, and monitoring their populations can provide valuable insights into human health. We conducted a surveillance study of rodents from two north-western states of Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua) to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. A total of 586 rodents belonging to 28 species were captured, and 408 were tested for Bartonella spp. The overall Bartonella spp. prevalence was 39.71%. The prevalence found in Chihuahua was higher (42.80%) than in Baja California (32.52%), and rodents such as Neotoma albigula, Neotoma mexicana, Peromyscus boylii, and Chaetodipus baileyi had the highest prevalence. The gltA sequences revealed seven genetic variants, some of which were obtained from Peromyscus and Dipodomys rodents and were associated with Bartonella species of human health concern, such as B. grahamii and B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis. In addition, a sequence obtained from a Peromyscus maniculatus was clustered with Candidatus Bartonella rudakovii, a previously unreported association. This study provides valuable data and new insight into the Bartonella-hosts interactions in rodent species in north-western Mexico.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in four prisons in Colombia.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000184

Zulma Vanessa Rueda, Mariana Herrera-Diaz, Diana Marin, Lucelly Lopez, Teresa Realpe, Laura Maria Almeida-Rueda, Luisa Arroyave, Nestor Rueda, Gloria Isabel Niño-Cruz, Uriel Hurtado, Nataly Alvarez, Yoav Keynan, Maria Patricia Arbelaez

{"title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in four prisons in Colombia.","authors":"Zulma Vanessa Rueda, Mariana Herrera-Diaz, Diana Marin, Lucelly Lopez, Teresa Realpe, Laura Maria Almeida-Rueda, Luisa Arroyave, Nestor Rueda, Gloria Isabel Niño-Cruz, Uriel Hurtado, Nataly Alvarez, Yoav Keynan, Maria Patricia Arbelaez","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000184","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000184","url":null,"abstract":"Our study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics and genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people deprived of liberty (PDL) in four Colombian prisons. Our cohort study included 64 PDL with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in four Colombian prisons. The 132 isolates were genotyped using 24-mycobacterial interspersed repeated units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRUs-VNTR). A cluster was defined when ≥2 isolates from different PDL had the same genotype. Tuberculosis acquired in prison was considered when ≥2 persons were within the same cluster and had an epidemiological link. We mapped the place of residence before incarceration and within prisons. We assessed overcrowding and ventilation conditions in the prison that had clusters. We found that the most frequent genotypes were LAM (56.8%) and Haarlem (36.4%), and 45.3% of the PDL diagnosed with tuberculosis were clustered. Most PDL diagnosed in prison came from neighborhoods in Medellin with a high TB incidence. M. tuberculosis infection acquired in prison was detected in 19% of PDL, 9.4% had mixed infection, 3.1% reinfection, and 1.6% relapse. Clusters only appeared in one prison, in cell blocks with overcrowding >100%, and inadequate ventilation conditions. Prisons require the implementation of effective respiratory infection control measures to prevent M. tuberculosis transmission.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are children and adolescents living with HIV in Europe and South Africa at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 and poor COVID-19 outcomes?

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000135

{"title":"Are children and adolescents living with HIV in Europe and South Africa at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 and poor COVID-19 outcomes?","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000135","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000135","url":null,"abstract":"Children, adolescents, and young people living with HIV (CALWHIV), including those in resource-limited settings, may be at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, poorer coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). We conducted a repeat SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey among CALWHIV in Europe (n = 493) and South Africa (SA, n = 307), and HIV-negative adolescents in SA (n = 100), in 2020-2022. Blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, questionnaires collected data on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors and vaccination status, and clinical data were extracted from health records. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (95% CI) was 55% (50%-59%) in CALWHIV in Europe, 67% (61%-72%) in CALWHIV in SA, and 85% (77%-92%) among HIV-negative participants in SA. Among those unvaccinated at time of sampling (n = 769, 85%), seroprevalence was 40% (35%-45%), 64% (58%-70%), and 81% (71%-89%), respectively. Few participants (11% overall) had a known history of SARS-CoV-2-positive PCR or self-reported COVID-19. Three CALWHIV were hospitalized, two with COVID-19 (nonsevere disease) and one young adult with MIS. Although SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was high across all settings, even in unvaccinated participants, it was broadly comparable to general population estimates, and most infections were mild/asymptomatic. Results support policy decisions excluding CALWHIV without severe immunosuppression from high-risk groups for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of the childhood vaccination landscape in Malaysia.

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882500024X

Nor Kamila Kamaruzaman, Marco Rizzi, Katie Attwell

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the childhood vaccination landscape in Malaysia.","authors":"Nor Kamila Kamaruzaman, Marco Rizzi, Katie Attwell","doi":"10.1017/S095026882500024X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882500024X","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective and successful public health interventions to prevent infectious diseases. Governments worldwide have tried to optimize vaccination coverage, including using vaccine mandates. This review of recent literature and policy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Malaysia's childhood vaccination landscape. The document analysis was used to identify and examine information from government policy documents, official government media statements, mainstream news content, and research papers. Content analysis was then employed to analyze the gathered information. Despite the successes of Malaysia's National Immunization Programme, a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases has raised concerns about vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Several contributing factors have been identified, including a preference for alternative medicines, doubts about halal status, fear of vaccine injury, concerns about the vaccines' contents, conspiracy theories, as well as convenience and access barriers. While various initiatives have been implemented, Malaysia may consider using vaccine mandates, as several countries have recently done, as a potential policy intervention to address these challenges. This review benefits policymakers, epidemiologists, as well as researchers involved in regional or global policy planning and advocacy efforts. It also offers comprehensive insights into designing effective interventions and making informed policy decisions regarding childhood vaccination programmes.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0