Epidemiology and Infection最新文献

Application of joinpoint regression to SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. 接点回归在美国内华达州拉斯维加斯市SARS-CoV-2废水流行病学中的应用

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100058

Casey A Barber, Lung-Chang Chien, Brian Labus, Katherine Crank, Katerina Papp, Daniel Gerrity, Cheryl Collins, Edwin C Oh, Lei Zhang, Anil T Mangla, Cassius Lockett, L-W Antony Chen

{"title":"Application of joinpoint regression to SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.","authors":"Casey A Barber, Lung-Chang Chien, Brian Labus, Katherine Crank, Katerina Papp, Daniel Gerrity, Cheryl Collins, Edwin C Oh, Lei Zhang, Anil T Mangla, Cassius Lockett, L-W Antony Chen","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268825100058","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal variability and methodological differences in data normalization, among other factors, complicate effective trend analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wastewater surveillance data and its alignment with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical outcomes. As there is no consensus approach for these analyses yet, this study explored the use of piecewise linear trend analysis (joinpoint regression) to identify significant trends and trend turning points in SARS-CoV-2 RNA wastewater concentrations (normalized and non-normalized) and corresponding COVID-19 case rates in the greater Las Vegas metropolitan area (Nevada, USA) from mid-2020 to April 2023. The analysis period was stratified into three distinct phases based on temporal changes in testing protocols, vaccination availability, SARS-CoV-2 variant prevalence, and public health interventions. While other statistical methodologies may require fewer parameter specifications, joinpoint regression provided an interpretable framework for characterization and comparison of trends and trend turning points, revealing sewershed-specific variations in trend magnitude and timing that also aligned with known variant-driven waves. Week-level trend agreement corroborated previous findings demonstrating a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance data and COVID-19 outcomes. These findings guide future applications of advanced statistical methodologies and support the continued integration of wastewater-based epidemiology as a complementary approach to traditional COVID-19 surveillance systems.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"153 ","pages":"e68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the risk of food-borne transmission of Toxocara spp. to humans. 模拟弓形虫通过食物传播给人类的风险。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000330

Sara Healy, Eric Morgan, Martha Betson, Joaquin M Prada

{"title":"Modelling the risk of food-borne transmission of Toxocara spp. to humans.","authors":"Sara Healy, Eric Morgan, Martha Betson, Joaquin M Prada","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268825000330","url":null,"abstract":"Human toxocariasis is a worldwide parasitic disease caused by zoonotic roundworms of the genus Toxocara, which can cause blindness and epilepsy. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of food-borne transmission of Toxocara spp. to humans in the UK by developing mathematical models created in a Bayesian framework. Parameter estimation was based on published experimental studies and field data from southern England, with qPCR Cq values used as a measure of eggs in spinach portions and ELISA optical density data as an indirect measure of larvae in meat portions. The average human risk of Toxocara spp. infection, per portion consumed, was estimated as 0.016% (95% CI: 0.000-0.100%) for unwashed leafy vegetables and 0.172% (95% CI: 0.000-0.400%) for undercooked meat. The average proportion of meat portions estimated positive for Toxocara spp. larvae was 0.841% (95% CI: 0.300-1.400%), compared to 0.036% (95% CI: 0.000-0.200%) of spinach portions containing larvated Toxocara spp. eggs. Overall, the models estimated a low risk of infection with Toxocara spp. by consuming these foods. However, given the potentially severe human health consequences of toxocariasis, intervention strategies to reduce environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs and correct food preparation are advised.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"153 ","pages":"e69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case-control study of leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand reveals behavioural, occupational, and environmental risk factors. 新西兰奥特罗阿地区钩端螺旋体病病例对照研究揭示了行为、职业和环境风险因素。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100071

Shahista Nisa, Enrico Ortolani, Emilie Vallée, Jonathan Marshall, Julie Collins-Emerson, Polly Yeung, Gerard Prinsen, Jackie Wright, Tanya Quin, Ahmed Fayaz, Stuart Littlejohn, Michael G Baker, Jeroen Douwes, Jackie Benschop

{"title":"Case-control study of leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand reveals behavioural, occupational, and environmental risk factors.","authors":"Shahista Nisa, Enrico Ortolani, Emilie Vallée, Jonathan Marshall, Julie Collins-Emerson, Polly Yeung, Gerard Prinsen, Jackie Wright, Tanya Quin, Ahmed Fayaz, Stuart Littlejohn, Michael G Baker, Jeroen Douwes, Jackie Benschop","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268825100071","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis in NZ has historically been associated with male workers in livestock industries; however, the disease epidemiology is changing. This study identified risk factors amid these shifts. Participants (95 cases:300 controls) were recruited nationwide between 22 July 2019 and 31 January 2022, and controls were frequency-matched by sex (90% male) and rurality (65% rural). Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, rurality, age, and season-with one model additionally including occupational sector-identified risk factors including contact with dairy cattle (aOR 2.5; CI: 1.0-6.0), activities with beef cattle (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1-8.2), cleaning urine/faeces from yard surfaces (aOR 3.9; 95% CI: 1.5-10.3), uncovered cuts/scratches (aOR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.9-11.7), evidence of rodents (aOR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.0-5.0), and work water supply from multiple sources-especially creeks/streams (aOR 7.8; 95% CI: 1.5-45.1) or roof-collected rainwater (aOR 6.6; 95% CI: 1.4-33.7). When adjusted for occupational sector, risk factors remained significant except for contact with dairy cattle, and slaughter without gloves emerged as a risk (aOR 3.3; 95% CI: 0.9-12.9). This study highlights novel behavioural factors, such as uncovered cuts and inconsistent glove use, alongside environmental risks from rodents and natural water sources.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"153 ","pages":"e67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legionnaires' disease outbreak linked to a cold-water source in Yorkshire, 2022. 军团病爆发与约克郡冷水源有关，2022年。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100113

Alexander Thompson, Aston Quinney, Rob Johnston, Lauren Margrove, Jane Bradbury, Phil Roberts, Baharak Afshar, Gareth J Hughes, Mercy Vergis

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the direct and indirect components of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during the Delta variant era - ERRATUM. 量化Delta变异时期COVID-19疫苗有效性的直接和间接成分-勘误

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825100125

Anna Suomenrinne-Nordvik, Tuija Leino, Mikhail Shubin, Kari Auranen, Simopekka Vänskä

引用次数: 0

Data for action - description of the automated COVID-19 surveillance system in Denmark and lessons learnt, January 2020 to June 2024 - CORRIGENDUM. 行动数据-描述2020年1月至2024年6月丹麦COVID-19自动监测系统和吸取的经验教训-勘误表。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882510006X

Gudrun Witteveen-Freidl, Karina Lauenborg Møller, Marianne Voldstedlund, Sophie Gubbels

引用次数: 0

The epidemiology of acute gastrointestinal illness in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania: a population survey. 埃塞俄比亚、莫桑比克、尼日利亚和坦桑尼亚急性胃肠疾病流行病学：一项人口调查。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1017/S095026882500038X

Binyam N Desta, Sara M Pires, Tine Hald, Tesfaye Gobena, Custodia Macuamule, Belisario Moiane, Olanrewaju E Fayemi, Christianah I Ayolabi, Gabriel Akanni, Blandina T Mmbaga, Kate M Thomas, Happiness Kumburu, Warren Dodd, Shannon E Majowicz

{"title":"The epidemiology of acute gastrointestinal illness in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania: a population survey.","authors":"Binyam N Desta, Sara M Pires, Tine Hald, Tesfaye Gobena, Custodia Macuamule, Belisario Moiane, Olanrewaju E Fayemi, Christianah I Ayolabi, Gabriel Akanni, Blandina T Mmbaga, Kate M Thomas, Happiness Kumburu, Warren Dodd, Shannon E Majowicz","doi":"10.1017/S095026882500038X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S095026882500038X","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal infections significantly impact African low- and middle-income countries, although, accurate data on acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) for all ages are lacking. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of AGI in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A population survey was conducted in one urban and one rural site per country, from 01 October 2020 to 30 September 2021, using web-based and face-to-face tools (n = 4417). The survey tool was adapted from high-income countries, ensuring comparability through an internationally recommended AGI case definition. Ethiopia had the highest AGI incidence (0.87 episodes per person-year), followed by Mozambique (0.58), Tanzania (0.41), and Nigeria (0.34). Age-standardized incidence was highest in Mozambique (1.46) and Ethiopia (1.25), compared to Tanzania (0.58) and Nigeria (0.33). The 4-week prevalence was 6.4% in Ethiopia and 4.3% in Mozambique, compared to 3.1% in Tanzania and 2.6% in Nigeria. AGI lasted an average of 5.3 days in Ethiopia and 3.0 to 3.4 days elsewhere. Children under five had 4.4 times higher AGI odds (95% CI: 2.8, 6.7) than those aged 15-59. The study provides empirical data on the incidence and demographic determinants of AGI in these four countries.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"153 ","pages":"e63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal filtering modeling of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a case study from East China, 2009-2015. 2009-2015年华东地区手足口病时空滤波模型研究

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824001080

Xi Chen, Jianbo Ba, Yuanhua Liu, Jiaqi Huang, Ke Li, Yun Yin, Jin Shi, Jiayao Xu, Rui Yuan, Michael P Ward, Wei Tu, Lili Yu, Quanyi Wang, Xiaoli Wang, Zhaorui Chang, Zhijie Zhang

{"title":"Spatiotemporal filtering modeling of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a case study from East China, 2009-2015.","authors":"Xi Chen, Jianbo Ba, Yuanhua Liu, Jiaqi Huang, Ke Li, Yun Yin, Jin Shi, Jiayao Xu, Rui Yuan, Michael P Ward, Wei Tu, Lili Yu, Quanyi Wang, Xiaoli Wang, Zhaorui Chang, Zhijie Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0950268824001080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268824001080","url":null,"abstract":"Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) shows spatiotemporal heterogeneity in China. A spatiotemporal filtering model was constructed and applied to HFMD data to explore the underlying spatiotemporal structure of the disease and determine the impact of different spatiotemporal weight matrices on the results. HFMD cases and covariate data in East China were collected between 2009 and 2015. The different spatiotemporal weight matrices formed by Rook, K-nearest neighbour (KNN; K = 1), distance, and second-order spatial weight matrices (SO-SWM) with first-order temporal weight matrices in contemporaneous and lagged forms were decomposed, and spatiotemporal filtering model was constructed by selecting eigenvectors according to MC and the AIC. We used MI, standard deviation of the regression coefficients, and five indices (AIC, BIC, DIC, R2, and MSE) to compare the spatiotemporal filtering model with a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. The eigenvectors effectively removed spatial correlation in the model residuals (Moran's I < 0.2, p > 0.05). The Bayesian spatiotemporal model's Rook weight matrix outperformed others. The spatiotemporal filtering model with SO-SWM was superior, as shown by lower AIC (92,029.60), BIC (92,681.20), and MSE (418,022.7) values, and higher R2 (0.56) value. All spatiotemporal contemporaneous structures outperformed the lagged structures. Additionally, eigenvector maps from the Rook and SO-SWM closely resembled incidence patterns of HFMD.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":"153 ","pages":"e61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: an updated living systematic review. COVID-19疫苗接种与COVID-19后病情的相关性和安全性的证据：最新的活系统综述

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000378

Melanie Sterian, Thivya Naganathan, Tricia Corrin, Lisa Waddell

{"title":"Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: an updated living systematic review.","authors":"Melanie Sterian, Thivya Naganathan, Tricia Corrin, Lisa Waddell","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000378","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000378","url":null,"abstract":"Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) refers to persistent symptoms occurring ≥12 weeks after COVID-19. This living systematic review (SR) assessed the impact of vaccination on PCC and vaccine safety among those with PCC, and was previously published with data up to December 2022. Searches were updated to 31 January 2024 and standard SR methodology was followed. Seventy-eight observational studies were included (47 new). There is moderate confidence that two doses pre-infection reduces the odds of PCC (pooled OR (pOR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.64-0.74, I2 = 35.16%). There is low confidence for remaining outcomes of one dose and three or more doses. A booster dose may further reduce the odds of PCC compared to only a primary series (pOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.98, I2 = 16.85%). Among children ≤18 years old, vaccination may not reduce the odds (pOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56-1.11, I2 = 37.2%) of PCC. One study suggests that vaccination within 12 weeks post-infection may reduce the odds of PCC. For those with PCC, vaccination appears safe (four studies) and may reduce the odds of PCC persistence (pOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.92, I2 = 15.5%).","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 4区医学

Epidemiology and Infection Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268825000366

Elias A M Abucar, Mascha Kern, Tobias Kurth, Anne Meierkord, Maximilian Gertler, Joachim Seybold, Stefanie Theuring, Frank P Mockenhaupt

{"title":"Health-related quality of life up to 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a descriptive cohort study.","authors":"Elias A M Abucar, Mascha Kern, Tobias Kurth, Anne Meierkord, Maximilian Gertler, Joachim Seybold, Stefanie Theuring, Frank P Mockenhaupt","doi":"10.1017/S0950268825000366","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0950268825000366","url":null,"abstract":"Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the context of COVID-19 is not fully understood. We assessed HRQoL using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® measures among 559 former COVID-19 patients and 298 non-infected individuals. HRQoL was captured once up to 2 years after the initial test. Additionally, we described associations of characteristics with impaired HRQoL. Overall, HRQoL scores were inferior among former patients. A meaningful group difference of at least three T-score points was discernible until 12 months after testing for fatigue (3.1), sleep disturbance (3.5), and dyspnoea (3.7). Cognitive function demonstrated such difference even at >18 months post-infection (3.3). Following dichotomization, pronounced differences in impaired HRQoL were observed in physical (19.2% of former patients, 7.3% of non-infected) and cognitive function (37.6% of former patients, 16.5% of non-infected). Domains most commonly affected among former patients were depression (34.9%), fatigue (37.4%), and cognitive function. Factors that associated with HRQoL impairments among former patients included age (OR ≤2.1), lower education (OR ≤5.3), and COVID-19-related hospitalization (OR ≤4.7), among others. These data underline the need for continued attention of the scientific community to further investigate potential long-term health limitations after COVID-19 to ultimately establish adequate screening and management options for those affected.","PeriodicalId":11721,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"e60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0