Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and 17–4 PH SS cylindrical notched specimens: The effect of volumetric defects","authors":"Arun Poudel ,&nbsp;Jonathan Pegues ,&nbsp;Matthew Kelly ,&nbsp;Shuai Shao ,&nbsp;Nima Shamsaei","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the synergistic effects of volumetric defects and notch geometry on the fatigue behavior of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg and 17–4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel (SS) cylindrical notched specimens. Among the considered notch root radii, <em>ρ</em>, of 0.1, 5, and 50 mm, 0.1 mm showed the shortest fatigue lives. All fatigue cracks initiated from the notch root for <em>ρ</em> 0.1 mm and from volumetric defects or turning grooves for <em>ρ</em> 5 mm and 50 mm specimens. The mode-I stress intensity factor, taking into account the synergistic influence of notch geometry, defects’ size, and location, was found to correlate well with experimental fatigue lives of AlSi10Mg and 17–4 PH SS notched specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological evolution and mechanical property degradation of Q355NH weathering steel and Q355 steel under stress corrosion","authors":"Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Jingwei Lu ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Ying Xing ,&nbsp;Zizhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Fengxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel structures in coastal environments are typically subject to the combined effects of stress and corrosion, which lead to more severe degradation of both morphology and mechanical properties, resulting in a reduced service life compared to corrosion under stress-free conditions. To thoroughly investigate the performance of Q355NH weathering steel under stress corrosion, accelerated neutral salt spray tests were conducted, with stress ratios ranging from 0 to 0.8 and corrosion periods up to 100 days, and Q355 steel was chosen as the control group. The evolution of pitting morphology was observed microscopically, leading to the development of evolution equations for pit size and mass loss rate for both steels. Mechanical performance tests established quantitative relationships between mass loss rate and the elastic modulus, strength, and corresponding strain. When the mass loss rate (<em>η</em>) &lt; 21 %, the failure mode exhibits ductile fracture, but when <em>η</em> &gt; 21 %, it transitions to brittle fracture. When <em>η</em> exceeds 13.46 % for Q355NH steel and 14.44 % for Q355 steel, the elongation no longer meets standard requirements. Furthermore, when <em>η</em> reaches 10.44 % for Q355NH steel and 8.11 % for Q355 steel, the ultimate strength decreases by 9.94 % and 16.01 % respectively, failing to satisfy strength specifications. Using mechanical-chemical theory and Faraday’s law, evolution formulas for mass loss rate and pit depth were derived and validated. It was found that <em>η</em> prediction error falls within 15 % for 95 % of Q355NH steel and 90 % of Q355 steel samples. Based on this theoretical foundation, a numerical simulation method of in-situ pit evolution enabled extensive parametric analysis, providing supplementary insights into mechanical performance under various stress ratios and corrosion periods. A general strength prediction model for Q355NH and Q355 steel under stress corrosion was subsequently developed, offering a theoretical and experimental basis for evaluating the post-corrosion mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain rate estimation of alloy steel frog and its impact on wheel-rail rolling contact behavior","authors":"Jian Yang,&nbsp;Taoshuo Bai,&nbsp;Hui Zhu,&nbsp;Xicheng Feng,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Jingmang Xu,&nbsp;Yao Qian,&nbsp;Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The passage of wheels over fixed frogs induces intense wheel-rail interactions, and the mechanical properties of frogs under wheel impact vary significantly due to strain rate effects. Considering the strain rate dependency of frog materials is critical for analyzing wheel-rail contact behavior during wheel traversal. This study establishes a three-dimensional transient rolling contact finite element (FE) model of the wheel-frog system using an explicit dynamic approach. The strain rate distributions on the surface and along the depth of the nose rail and wing rail during wheel passage are investigated. Quasi-static and impact compression experiments were carried out on the alloy steel nose rail material, revealing the strain rate strengthening mechanism of the material from a microscopic perspective. Meanwhile, based on the Johnson-Cook empirical model, its dynamic constitutive relationship was established. The explicit finite element model was used to evaluate the influence of strain rate effects on the wheel-rail rolling contact behavior. Results indicate that the strain rate of the nose rail increases abruptly under wheel impact and decreases to match the wing rail level after load transition. The equivalent strain rate in the wing rail distributes more widely along the depth compared to the nose rail, where strain rates concentrate near the surface. Speed significantly affects the strain rate magnitude in the frog, while axle load shows negligible influence. The nose rail material exhibits pronounced strain rate sensitivity, with yield strength increasing with strain rate. The strain rate strengthening effect of the nose rail material (bainitic steel) is mainly dominated by the high dislocation density and dynamic dislocation behavior in its microstructure, and the phenomenological Johnson-Cook model effectively captures this strain rate dependence. Strain rate effects marginally influence wheel-rail forces, contact stresses, and stick–slip distributions but notably alter equivalent stresses and plastic strains. At high strain rate regions, equivalent stress peaks increase markedly while plastic strain maxima decrease. This study provides reliable strain rate-dependent mechanical parameters for wheel-frog dynamic contact simulations, thereby enabling a more realistic description of contact behavior at the wheel-rail interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of fragmentation failure behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of negative-temperature curing concrete under impact loading","authors":"Zhongliang Yang,&nbsp;Jianguo Ning,&nbsp;Xiangzhao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In extremely cold regions, the perennial negative-temperature climate seriously affects the pore structure and hardening properties of concrete materials during curing. This study aims to reveal the damage mechanism of the negative-temperature curing environment on the fragmentation failure behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of concrete materials under dynamic loading. On this basis, the correlation between fragment characteristics and energy dissipation is established. Firstly, the dynamic fragmentation experiment is conducted on concrete specimens cured at different temperatures (−20, −15, −10, −5, and 20 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>) using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Subsequently, based on the fractal theory, Weibull distribution, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology to quantitatively analyze the influence of the negative-temperature curing environment on the fragmentation degree, characteristic fragment size, and microscopic pore size distribution. The intrinsic influence mechanism between microscopic pore damage and macroscopic fragmentation behavior is explained. Finally, based on the tensile crack softening failure criterion and Griffith fracture theory, a fragmentation energy dissipation model is established to analyze the energy dissipation during fragmentation. The result indicates that the negative-temperature curing environment enlarges the pore size, increases the porosity, decreases the dynamic compressive strength, and increases the fragmentation degree of concrete materials. As the curing temperature decreases, microscopic pore damage gradually accumulates, resulting in the transition from overall failure to localized failure in the concrete specimen’s dynamic failure form. The proposed fragmentation energy dissipation model can accurately calculate various energy transitions during the dynamic fragmentation process and achieves an effective prediction from fragment information to required input energy information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the prediction method of fatigue stress response of the bogie end structure based on data − driven approaches","authors":"Ye Song ,&nbsp;Chaotao Liu ,&nbsp;Pingbo Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Wang ,&nbsp;Huanyun Dai ,&nbsp;Yayun Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the mileage of railway vehicles continues to increase, the fatigue failure problem of the suspension components at the end of the bogie frame has become increasingly prominent. Clearly defining the fatigue failure mechanism of the suspension components at the end of the bogie frame and predicting their fatigue life have become crucial issues that urgently need to be addressed in vehicle maintenance and operation. When evaluating structural fatigue damage, the accuracy of stress measurement points has a decisive effect on the evaluation results of fatigue damage. However, ensuring the accuracy of structural stress measurement points and conducting long-term monitoring poses challenges. In this paper, the simulation technology is first used to identify the high-risk areas of structural fatigue damage. Subsequently, vibration line tests and stress tests are carried out on the relevant structures to verify the causes of structural failure. Then, a deep-learning algorithm is adopted to develop a method for detecting the structural stress of suspension components based on the acceleration data at the end of the bogie frame. This method is used to evaluate the fatigue damage during long-term operation and solve the problem that it is difficult to diagnose the faults of the suspension components at the end of the bogie frame. This method trains a deep-learning model with the historical data of vibration acceleration and stress, establishes the corresponding relationship between vibration acceleration and stress, and realizes the indirect detection of structural stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floor heave mechanism and stiff control technology by I-beam for deep mine roadway","authors":"Hao Gong ,&nbsp;Diyuan Li ,&nbsp;Pingkuang Luo ,&nbsp;Wenkai Ru ,&nbsp;Gonghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floor heave of upstand pulling type in deep roadway is one of the main geological disasters affecting the safe and efficient production in Jinchuan mine of China. To study the mechanism of non-uniform floor heave occurred in complex jointed rock mass (CJRM), the 610 m main ramp of Jinchuan No.2 mine is considered as the engineering background. Based on the limit equilibrium method and slip line field theory, the floor heave model of the roadway is constructed. It is found that the floor heave in the roadway consists of extrusion movement and shear misalignment. The section size, surrounding rock lithology and burial depth are the main factors affecting the depth of floor heave in the roadway. Distribution of joints and fissures in surrounding rock of a bare-rock roadway is investigated using a Leica P30 three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner. Numerical modelling of roadways in CJRM based on Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation in 3DEC software. Under the existing support condition, the floor and two sides in the roadway shows obvious non-uniform floor heave. The floor heave is divided into no floor heave, local small and local obvious floor heave based on its displacement amount. The control strategy to use discarded I-beams is proposed. The support effect is evaluated by considering the plastic zone of the surrounding rock and the arch formation coefficient <em>K</em>. The pressure relief zone and plasticity zone as well as the two sides of roadway can be effectively reduced by the original support. The range of pressure arch structure of the floor is increased and the self-stability of the surrounding rock is improved using the new support. The results of the study provide engineering guidance for the control of the floor heave in the deep roadway of Jinchuan mine, and provide a useful reference for the design of roadway support under similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of damage mechanisms in NRC box girder bridges subjected to above-deck contact explosions","authors":"Chenxu Lyu ,&nbsp;Qiushi Yan ,&nbsp;Shutao Li ,&nbsp;Jingqi Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxue Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid frequent global conflicts and terrorist attacks, normal concrete reinforced (NRC) box girder bridges are increasingly vulnerable to contact explosions, underscoring the necessity of thoroughly investigating their damage mechanisms. This paper presents the results of a 6 kg TNT above-deck contact explosion test conducted on a bridge model, scaled down to ¼ of its original size. A numerical model was developed using LS-DYNA, and its accuracy was validated by comparison with experimental results. By analyzing the interaction between shock waves and the structure, as well as stress wave propagation, the damage mechanisms were comprehensively revealed. Further parametric analysis explored the effect of blast intensity and concrete strength on the damage. Results indicate that within a specific range of blast intensities, localized damage is the predominant damage mode for the bridge. As blast intensity increases, the severity and complexity of these localized damages also intensify. When the blast intensity exceeds the critical level, shear failure of the bottom slab emerges as the dominant mode. Concrete strength can influence both the extent of localized damage and the critical blast intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mechanical response and fatigue properties of laser powdered-bed fusion IN718 superalloy: Crystal plasticity modeling and defect-based life prediction","authors":"Asif Mahmood ,&nbsp;Chuanwen Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Lashari ,&nbsp;Rui Sun ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Zifan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical response and fatigue properties of laser powdered-bed fusion IN718 superalloy were explored experimentally and numerically. Firstly, uniaxial fatigue testing was conducted to investigate failure mechanisms under two stress ratios in the high-cycle and very high-cycle regimes, for the as-built and solution aging conditions. The fracture surfaces reveal the competing crack nucleation behaviors driven by manufacturing or crystallographic defects. Furthermore, solution aging significantly improves fatigue life compared to as-built conditions, demonstrating higher fatigue lives under similar stress levels. Secondly, crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling was employed to develop a statistically representative volume element, enabling evaluation of the local stress and strain distributions with and without pores under cyclic loading. In addition, model parameters were calibrated using experimental stress–strain data, emphasizing the precision and validity of the proposed model. The computational results show that softened grains oriented 45° to the loading direction exhibit greater deformation. Moreover, the accumulated plastic strain increases as the loading cycles progress. Finally, a fatigue life prediction model was developed, considering the sensitivity of crack nucleation to manufacturing and crystallographic defects, along with CPFE results, showing good consistency between experimental and predicted fatigue lives across different stress levels in high-cycle and very high-cycle regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open hole strength and damage behavior of GFRP and CFRP composites","authors":"Seçil Ekşi,&nbsp;Latif Salman,&nbsp;Muhammet Fatih Beşiroğlu,&nbsp;Muhammed Memişoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are increasingly attractive for advanced engineering applications. Notches in structural components are unavoidable in practical applications. Open circular holes, such as bolted connections, are an essential design feature. However, stress concentrations arise, the magnitude of which depends on the material anisotropy and the defect size in the plate. Precise evaluation tools are crucial for designing optimum, safe, lightweight structures. This study investigates the mechanical performance of open-hole Glass/Epoxy Composite (GFRP) and carbon/epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates experimentally and numerically. The effect of varying hole diameters, hole number, and fiber direction on mechanical properties and damage mechanism was investigated with tensile tests and finite element analyses. Higher strength values were obtained in the 0° fiber direction compared to 90° and 45°. The effect of the hole diameter on the tensile strength was enormous, and the strength values decreased as the hole diameter increased. It was observed that the number of holes in the fiber direction had much less effect on the stress–strain curves than the number of holes perpendicular to the fiber direction. The results showed that GFRP has lower notch sensitivity than CFRP because the strength reduction rate with hole size was lower. Open holes ’ Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) were determined with finite element analyses. Finite element analyses provided information about the initiation of damage. The normalized strength change curves according to the fiber direction, hole diameter, and hole number were obtained, and equations with a correlation coefficient of at least 90 % were developed according to these curves. Since notch sensitivity is higher in CFRP, the normalized strength is higher in GFRP than in CFRP. Failure analysis was performed for the GFRP composite with 6 mm holes. Tsai-Wu failure theory is utilized in the analysis to predict the damage evolution of open-hole composite laminates subjected to tension loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling mechanism of rolling contact fatigue and corrosion on bearing steel in brine contaminated lubricant oil under heavy load","authors":"Zhuofan Xia ,&nbsp;Youzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifeng Li ,&nbsp;Long Hao ,&nbsp;Jianqiu Wang ,&nbsp;En-Hou Han","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction mechanism of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and corrosion on bearing steel in salt water contaminated lubricating oil is systematically studied in combination with characterization of damage behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results compared the rolling contact corrosion fatigue damage behavior and life of bearing steel in two different lubricating oils. The rolling contact fatigue life of bearing steel will reduce after salt water contaminated lubricating oil. However, the magnitude of the effect of salt water contaminated lubricating oil on fatigue life is determined by the dissolved state of salt water and lubricating oil. In water soluble lubricating oil, salt water and chloride ions can be evenly dispersed in the lubricating oil causing a large number of deep pitting corrosion on contact surface. The bearing steel surface will form dense corrosive pits and small-size spalling pit, resulting in failure of vibration. In water insoluble lubricating oil, salt water containing chloride ions are just dispersed as droplets in the lubricating oil to form shallow uniform corrosion on the contact surface. The predominant failure mechanism in bearing steel manifests as rolling contact fatigue. Therefore, it is suggested that the high viscosity and water insoluble lubricant should be considered at the same time when selecting the lubricating oil for the bearing steel under heavy load and corrosive environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}