Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical behaviour and damage constitutive model of semi-circular arch tunnels with straight walls under soaking conditions","authors":"Jianhang Chen ,&nbsp;Banquan Zeng ,&nbsp;Wuyan Xu ,&nbsp;Songsong Hu ,&nbsp;Shiji Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaokang Wu ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the groundwater influence on the mechanical properties of deep hard rock semi-circular arch tunnels with straight walls, compression experiments were conducted on semi-circular arch tunnel samples treated with soaking. The hydraulic damage and failure behaviour of semi-circular arch tunnels with straight walls under soaking conditions is analysed. The peak stress and stiffness decreased gradually with soaking time. These mechanical properties of samples softened significantly. Compared with those of the natural samples, the pre-peak plastic deformation of the water-soaked samples is larger and the plasticity is stronger. Under high vertical stress, the left and right sidewalls of all samples show the spalling failure character from the shallow section to the deep section. During the accumulation and releasing of elastic strain energy, initial failure typically occurs at arch corners. Moreover, this failure location is not affected by water. The sample failure process under uniaxial loading can be divided into quiescent period, particle ejection period, accelerated crack expansion period and formation period of symmetrical “V”-shaped groove failure zone. The low acoustic emission (AE) energy and high AE energy events occur sequentially with loading time. This phenomenon reflects the gradual increasing in the AE energy concentration within samples. Under uniaxial loading, the influence of water–rock interaction on crack generation and expansion is significant. The longer the soaking time is, the more obvious the influence is. The damage variable increases rapidly firstly. Then, it becomes slow. Finally, it increases rapidly with strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 109137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving low cycle fatigue performance of cracked aluminum plate with carbon fiber composite patches reinforced with B4C nanoparticles","authors":"Balaji Rajendran ,&nbsp;Arumugam Vellayaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite patch over the cracked metal surface plays a vital role in repairing the damaged part of the lightweight structures, as it is one of the most efficient and could be done with the reduced cost. This manuscript documents the repair efficacy of pre-cracked aluminum alloy AA6061 under low cycle fatigue (LCF). As a novel attempt, the alloy is patched using carbon fiber composite, with and without nano ceramic boron carbide (B₄C) particles infused. In this regard, B₄C nanoparticles are added in 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% wt. composition, referred herein as 2BCF, 4BCF, and 6BCF, respectively. Each sample, either patched and non-patched, are tested for LCF loading at two strain ratios, 0.1 and 0.3. LCF-test outcomes reveal that adding B₄C nanoparticles effectively reduces the plastic strain amplitude (PSA) and energy dissipation. As a result, the fatigue life of the patched AA6061 alloys is significantly improved. Notably, the sample 6BCF exhibits higher fatigue resistance at strain ratio of 0.1, resulting in 6.5-fold improvement in fatigue life compared to other patched specimens indicating a strong adhesion between the patch and the aluminum surface. Therefore, more stable response to fatigue loading is observed due to less dissipated energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 109139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on the residual seismic performance of post-blast RC piers","authors":"Y.H. Cheng,&nbsp;J.P. Xu,&nbsp;H. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming to evaluate the serviceability performance of bridge piers after potential terrorist attacks or accidental explosions, the residual seismic performance of post-blast reinforced concrete (RC) piers was studied by performing the test and numerical simulation. Firstly, the field explosion and successive lateral cyclic loading tests were performed on two 1/2-scale RC piers, and a single lateral cyclic loading test was performed on two intact control piers for comparison. The test data such as the incident overpressure-time histories, as well as the damage profiles, hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of piers, etc. were obtained and fully discussed. Then, an integrated finite element (FE) analysis approach based on the explicit–implicit switching algorithm was proposed to reproduce the dynamic and quasi-static responses of RC piers under blast and successive lateral cyclic loadings. Furthermore, four commonly used concrete material models were systematically compared and evaluated based on the basic mechanical property, explosion, and lateral cyclic loading tests. Finally, by comparing with the test data, the applicability of concrete material models and corresponding parameters, as well as the proposed integrated FE analysis approach for the residual seismic performance analysis of post-blast RC piers were verified comprehensively. It is concluded that: (i) after 0.5 kg TNT explosion, the positive yield and peak forces obtained from the lateral cyclic loading test are close to those of the intact control piers, whereas the negative yield and peak forces decrease to 66 % and 70 % of the intact ones; (ii) after 1.0 kg TNT explosion, the positive yield and peak forces are 77 % and 81 % of the intact values, while the negative yield and peak forces are only 37 % and 42 % of the intact ones; (iii) by replacing the explicit algorithm with implicit algorithm during the residual seismic performance analysis, the computational cost is saved by about 70 times; (iv) Winfrith concrete model can better predict the residual seismic performance of post-blast RC piers, with the deviations limited in 20 %. The present work can provide a reference for the designer and researchers in evaluating the seismic performance of the post-blast RC bridge piers during the whole service life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of platform design of dental implant abutment on loosening and fatigue performance","authors":"Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Li-Bing Xu ,&nbsp;Song-Xian Lai ,&nbsp;Hai Xu ,&nbsp;Xin-Chang Li ,&nbsp;Zeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the influence of daily occlusal forces, mechanical complications such as loose connections and fatigue damage are significant factors contributing to dental implant failure. The structural design of implant components is crucial in enhancing the long-term durability of implant systems. This research explores the impact of the platform structure of the abutment on connection loosening and fatigue properties. Four abutments with varying platform structures were designed and produced. The study involved testing and comparing screw loosening behavior before and after loading, as well as evaluating static load strength and fatigue characteristics. Observations were made on abutment surface wear and fatigue sections. A three-dimensional model was utilized to confirm damage location using the finite element method. Results indicate that the abutment’s platform structure enhances anti-loosening performance and static failure load, while reducing fatigue life. Additionally, the position of fatigue fracture in the abutment is influenced by the load magnitude. The finite element analysis (FEA) findings align with the results of the static load tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two cases of explosion in high-voltage cable joints: Fault evolution deduction and combustion physical modeling analysis","authors":"Chenglong Huang ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Jiangjing Cui ,&nbsp;Wei Qiu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Sangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Xiongwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-voltage cable joints are critical components that connect cable sections, playing a vital role in cable circuits. However, their specific location and complex installation and maintenance requirements make them vulnerable points in cable circuits. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in breakdowns and explosions in high-voltage cable joints, and it is essential to examine the diverse outcomes resulting from these explosion incidents. This paper conducts an analysis of two incidents of breakdown and explosion in 220 kV integral prefabricated cable joints that occurred on the same cable circuit. Initially, the short-circuit breakdown processes of the two faulty cable joints are deduced through the disassembly inspection. Subsequently, fluid field simulations of the breakdown locations in the faulty joints are performed using finite element simulation software to analyze the impact of breakdown in different areas on the combustion situation of the faulty joints. The results indicate that for integral prefabricated cable joints with insulating flange, there are different discharge paths inside, leading to diverse failure outcomes. The faulty joint experiencing explosion at the insulating flange exhibit intense combustion due to strong air flow.The faulty joint experiencing explosion at the copper protective shell weld, there is limited airflow, and the non-combustible byproducts generated during combustion cover the surface of the integral prefabricated component, preventing further combustion of the cable joint. Lastly, this paper proposes corresponding improvement measures to minimize losses and hazards caused by cable joint explosions, providing references and recommendations for the production and construction of high-voltage cable joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 109100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusion failure analysis and optimization design for steel piston pin hole-pin friction pair","authors":"Jikun Chen ,&nbsp;Jilin Lei ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Han ,&nbsp;Dewen Jia ,&nbsp;Chengxi Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of the present study was on the D25TCIF steel piston, and the underlying causes of pin hole occlusion failure were systematically analyzed. The investigation considered factors such as heat transfer, mechanics, lubrication, material properties, and forging processes. Additionally, an optimization strategy was introduced based on the cause of the failure to reduce the risk of occlusion failure of the pin hole. At the same time, the influence of the structural parameters of the connecting rod small head on the lubrication performance of the pin hole bearing was investigated, providing a theoretical basis for the matching design of the structural parameters of the double friction pair of the piston pin bearing. The findings indicate that the primary cause of pin hole occlusion failure in steel pistons is the concentration of thermo-mechanical coupling stresses and elevated temperatures within the pin hole. This condition results in the rupture of the lubricating oil film in the pin hole bearing, leading to dry friction between the piston pin and the bearing surface. The optimization method designed in the present study enhanced the minimum oil film thickness of the pin hole bearing from 0.354 μm to 0.377 μm, reflecting an increase of 6.50 %. Additionally, the minimum oil film thickness of the small head bearing was improved from 0.599 μm to 0.691 μm, corresponding to a 15.36 % increase compared to the original configuration. Meanwhile, the optimization method predicted a minimum oil film thickness of 0.382 μm for pin hole bearings and 0.693 μm for small-head bearings, with a relative error of less than 5 % from the simulated values. Such findings demonstrate that the optimization method has a good optimization effect and accurate prediction. This approach offers novel insights for the development of future solutions to address the failure of steel pistons in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 109135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on failure response of steel tank under coupling effect of multi-source blast wave","authors":"Dong Sun,&nbsp;Mingguang Zhang,&nbsp;Junjie Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explosive blast waves significantly contribute to domino accidents, where a chain of multi-tank failures occurs in storage tank areas, leading to severe damage to adjacent tanks. This study establishes a simplified tank model to investigate the impact of both single-source external explosive loading and two-source blast wave coupling on the destructive effects of explosions. The impact of simultaneous detonation on tank damage was analyzed from four perspectives: peak overpressure of coupled blast waves, energy loss, structural deformation, and axial tank wall stress. The propagation laws of coupled blast wave overpressure from two sources in the air domain and their distribution patterns on tank walls subjected to the explosion surface are investigated. An overpressure loading model for tank walls exposed to the explosion surface is established to determine the failure point when the storage tank stress exceeds its ultimate tensile strength. The results show that the smaller the angle between the two sources of explosive loading, the larger the coupled peak overpressure on the center axis of the tank surface facing the explosion. The peak overpressure at the same height of the tank wall surface increases with the increase in angle α and then decreases. The peak overpressure at the same angle of the tank wall surface decreases from a height of 10 m above ground to both the upper and lower ends. At the same time in a single source of explosive loading and two sources of explosive loading, six types of load angle under the tank explosion surface radial maximum tensile and compressive stresses and clamping angle consistent with the case of the maximum stress is mainly concentrated in the tank roof − tank wall connection. The smaller the angle, the greater the energy absorption of the tank, the wall of the tank to meet the explosion surface damage increased and the first to fail, the tank by the shock wave absorbed and converted energy is mainly concentrated in the top part of the tank, resulting in the top part of the tank deformation is significant. Two sources of explosion scenarios in the tank only in the 180° angle load dynamic response process did not fail. Under the safe spacing design, single-row linear layout is relatively safe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the relationship between thermal aging of lubricating grease outside the contact area of bearing rolling elements and bearing lubrication failure","authors":"Qilong Zhao ,&nbsp;Qin Zhao ,&nbsp;Enhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lou ,&nbsp;Ruliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the lubrication and tribological performance of lithium-based grease subjected to varying degrees of thermal aging. The paper elucidates the degradation in anti-oxidant, rheological, and tribological performance of the grease, shedding light on the lubrication failure mechanism of lithium-based grease under thermal influence. At the molecular level, lithium-based greases undergo chemical degradation due to the thermal oxidation of their base oil. This process produces macromolecular polymers and oxygenated organic substances that accumulate as the degree of aging increases, progressively reducing the original lubrication efficiency and chemical stability of the grease. From a microstructural viewpoint, persistent thermal effects lead to a gradual reduction in the helical structure of the ribbon fibers within the thickener. This leads to the increased fiber diameter and its breakage, reduced binding capacity of the base oil, heightened oil separation, and a continuous decrease in structural strength and recovery capability. The rapid evaporation of the base oil reduces the grease oil storage capacity. As the aging process advances, aged grease soap fibers fragment and re-aggregate into bundles. This aggregated thickener structure hardens the remaining grease, and reduces its oil supply capacity. The friction pair surface is not adequately replenished with oil, which leads to direct contact at the interface and causes the surface contact fatigue damage. The friction process generates more wear products, which in turn cause the abnormal vibrations and noise. The combined degradation of grease performance and the deterioration of the friction pair surface conditions exacerbate bearing vibration failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the failure mechanism of an aircraft longeron fitting and devising the mitigation techniques","authors":"Syed Muhammad Wajeeh Shah ,&nbsp;Sara Khushbash ,&nbsp;Haris Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Talha Niaz","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on determining the root cause of crack development in a longeron fitting of a cargo aircraft followed by devising of appropriate mitigation strategy to prevent such failure. This objective is realized through a combination of experimental and computational analyses. The experimental thrust involves compositional, microstructural, and fractographic analyses to determine if there is a variation in composition and microstructure and to observe the failure signs and crack morphology. No deviation from the constituent material (i.e., Aluminum 7075-T6 alloy) in terms of composition and microstructure was noticed. Further fractographic analysis revealed fatigue striation marks and corrosion products near the crack initiation point. The experimental results were validated through computational analysis by calculating stresses and fatigue life of longeron fitting to confirm the cause of failure. The analysis helped in ruling out the design flaw or fatigue loads as the primary causes of crack development. Consequently, the failure is attributed to the corrosion pitting on the open side of the fitting due to exposure to the marine atmosphere which weakened the structure and the subsequent failure occurred due to the fatigue phenomenon. Subsequently, a mitigation technique was developed to prevent corrosion-assisted crack growth by coating the specimens with two distinct coatings, Sulphuric Acid Anodizing (SAA) and Chromic Acid Anodizing (CAA). These specimens were then subjected to salt spray tests and exposed to the environment. SAA coating proved to have better corrosion-resistant properties than the original (uncoated) and CAA-coated samples, confirming it to be a viable mitigation approach. The study will be beneficial in preventing failure in aircraft structures that are exposed to marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent fault diagnosis of belt conveyor rollers using a polar KNN algorithm with audio features","authors":"Juan Liu ,&nbsp;Shiming Fu ,&nbsp;Fen Liu ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belt conveyor rollers are critical components in industrial applications, where early fault detection is essential to maintaining operational efficiency and safety. Existing fault diagnosis methods, such as vibration- and vision-based approaches, often face limitations due to high costs, sensor degradation, and environmental interferences, particularly in complex settings like mines. This study proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis method using a polar K-nearest neighbor (PKNN) algorithm combined with audio signal features. The PKNN algorithm enhances the classic KNN model by integrating both distance and angular similarities, allowing it to capture subtle variations in audio signals indicative of roller faults. The proposed PKNN model was tested on 17 different audio datasets, demonstrating robust performance with 97.34% accuracy, 96.89% precision, 96.72% recall, and 96.70% F1 score. Comparative analyses revealed that PKNN outperformed conventional machine learning models and other audio, vibration, and vision-based diagnostic methods, achieving superior fault classification accuracy and adaptability even in high-noise environments. These findings indicate that the PKNN model offers a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective solution for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of belt conveyor rollers. Its high adaptability to challenging industrial environments underscores its potential for wide-ranging applications in automated conveyor system maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}