Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Failure analysis of utility poles: a review of material deficiencies, environmental effects, structural performance, assessment techniques, and design considerations","authors":"Ahmed I. Elmetwally ,&nbsp;El-Sayed Abd-Elaal ,&nbsp;Xing Ma ,&nbsp;Raufdeen Rameezdeen ,&nbsp;Raju Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utility poles are the backbone of the electricity grid and a key enabler of a carbon–neutral economy, as they connect renewable sources like solar energy to homes and businesses. The number of such utility poles in each country is huge, and so is a significant infrastructure value. In Australia, for example, the current network consists of approximately 7 million utility poles made from wood, concrete, steel, steel–concrete composite, or fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP). While the current grid plans normally do not aim to increase this number of poles, as underground grids are more effective, replacing the current poles with underground assets is cost-prohibitive. So, there is a need to hold these poles in use and continuously replace the aged ones with new, durable poles. This study presents a comprehensive review of failure analysis for different types of poles. The failures can be grouped into three main categories: material-related problems, environmental degradation, and structural response, including cyclic load effects. Understanding these failure categories is important for explaining how poles behave over time and for planning proper maintenance or replacement strategies. It is concluded that future research should prioritise accelerated ageing studies (e.g., the relation between observed degradation and remaining structural capacity). Furthermore, the optimum pole type varies depending on factors such as capital investment, workforce experience, material availability, structural loads, environmental exposure, maintenance demands and associated costs. Lastly, assessment techniques, selection criteria, design considerations and future research directions are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic failure modeling of seismic-induced misalignment in overhead catenary systems on high-speed railway bridges","authors":"Yong-heng Mao ,&nbsp;Chang He ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Li-zhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-earthquake residual misalignment in overhead catenary systems (OCS) installed on high-speed railway bridges can critically impair the power transmission capability of the pantograph-catenary interface, resulting in functional failure of the train’s current collection system. This study investigates the seismic-induced failure mechanism of OCS components from a system-level perspective, focusing on quantifying and predicting residual displacements beyond design tolerances. A physically constrained, data-driven probabilistic modeling framework is proposed to evaluate OCS misalignment under multiple sources of uncertainty, including seismic intensity, bridge damage severity, and structural configuration. To achieve this, a bridge–catenary decoupling modeling strategy is developed to efficiently simulate the transfer of post-earthquake displacement from the bridge to the catenary system across various pier heights and span layouts. The transfer effect is quantitatively described using the first-order Wasserstein distance. A large-scale residual displacement database is constructed, and extreme value distribution fitting reveals that the Gumbel distribution consistently outperforms alternatives across seismic intensity levels. Its parameters are modeled as cubic functions of peak ground acceleration, enabling a Monte Carlo-based kernel density estimation (KDE) to rapidly obtain failure probability distributions. Results show that, in the worst-case configurations, the predicted P95 residual misalignment exceeds the 10 mm functional criterion by more than an order of magnitude. This research provides new insight into the probabilistic failure behavior of catenary systems under seismic excitation and offers a physically interpretable, computationally efficient tool for rapid post-earthquake damage assessment and failure risk ranking in electrified railway infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASB-based microcrack initiation mechanisms in railway steel under high strain rate impact","authors":"Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Liu ,&nbsp;Mi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenqi Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Lv ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Squats, a form of railhead fatigue damage, pose serious safety risks in high-speed railways. With increasing train speeds, the impact stress at the wheel-rail interface intensifies, and high strain rates may play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of squat-related cracks. However, this aspect remains underexplored. This study investigates the microstructural evolution of U71Mn rail steel under high strain rate loading, aiming to elucidate the stress strain response and damage accumulation mechanisms during dynamic deformation. Quasi-static and dynamic compression tests demonstrate a pronounced strain-rate strengthening effect. At strain rates exceeding 1.9 × 10³ s⁻¹, adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) are observed in forced shear zones, comprising two distinct regions: deformed bands (DBs) and transformed bands (TBs). Intense plastic deformation within these ASBs leads to the formation of dense microcracks and micropores, which rapidly coalesce along the DB/TB interfaces, resulting in macroscopic crack propagation and shear fracture. High-resolution microscopy (SEM, EBSD, and TEM) confirms the non-uniform distribution of DBs and TBs, along with evidence of dynamic recrystallization. A strain rate of 1.9 × 10³ s⁻¹ of hat-shaped can lead to the formation of microcracks. It is corresponding to a rail surface irregularity depth of 0.5 mm as calculated in the simulation analysis. This suggests that, for fatigue-induced damage such as squat, improving rail surface smoothness to reduce the strain rate can effectively lower the probability of microcrack formation. In the context of squat-related fatigue damage, this study provides a scientific basis for maintenance strategies. Specifically, improving rail surface smoothness to reduce strain rate levels may significantly decrease the likelihood of microcrack initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic texture and grain refinement regulated low-cycle fatigue performance of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy","authors":"Yizhe Chen ,&nbsp;Xuming Ma ,&nbsp;Quanfeng Han ,&nbsp;Dongwang Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the resistance to fatigue has been a long-standing challenge for metallic materials. The macroscopic mechanical performances of metallic materials are ultimately associated with their microstructure. In this work, the influence of grain size and texture intensity on the fatigue performance of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are investigated by incorporating a series of experimental studies and crystal plasticity finite element simulations. It is found that both decreasing grain size and increasing texture intensity remarkably improve the fatigue crack initiation life of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy at small strain amplitudes, as these two strategies can homogenize the strain distribution and reduce the maximum plastic deformation in the samples. Moreover, the grain refinement presents a synergetic enhancement in both yield strength and resistance to fatigue, contrasting to the trade-off observed in the textured samples. However, the enhancement in fatigue resistance due to grain size refinement and texture becomes ineffective when the strain amplitude exceeds a critical value. Our studies deepen the understanding in the microscopic mechanism of fatigue damage and provide a texture engineering-based approach to improve the fatigue performance of metallic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110486"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the failure characteristics of tunnel lining structures under water infiltration in loess-mudstone composite stratum","authors":"Yuchao Ding ,&nbsp;Haoyan Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongpeng Lai ,&nbsp;Zhiren Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When tunnels traverse loess-expansive mudstone composite stratum, they are often subjected to the combined effects of loess softening upon water exposure and mudstone swelling due to water absorption, posing a serious threat to tunnel structural safety. To address the characteristics of composite stratum, three representative cross-sections were selected from the transition zone where the interface located at the arch invert, arch waist, and arch vault. Numerical simulation software was employed to simulate the softening of loess and the swelling of mudstone upon water exposure, thereby obtaining the contact pressure of secondary lining. Coupled with model tests performed using a self-developed multi-point independent lining loading system, this study systematically analyzed the mechanical influence mechanisms of the relative soil-rock interface position and water infiltration depth on the lining structure, and ultimately elucidated the failure characteristics of the lining under the aforementioned combined effects. Results indicate: During water infiltration, contact pressures at the arch shoulders and arch feet are relatively high. Among the three cross-sections, the invert section shows the largest deformation at all measuring points, and due to the displacement-constraining effect of mudstone, the waist section exhibits significantly smaller deformation than the invert section, while deformation values at all measurement points in the vault section are the smallest. Both the invert section and the vault section experience positive moments in the arch invert and arch vault, while negative moments occur at the arch feet, the vault section exhibits relatively smaller moments. Failure patterns for both sections manifest as arch foot compression cracking and arch invert/vault tension cracking. At the waist section, abrupt changes in the physical properties of the surrounding rock above and below the interface caused shear forces to develop in the lining after water infiltration, this subjected the arch waist to a bending moment of −41.7 kN·m, resulting in failure as compression cracking at the arch waist, followed by tensile cracking on the arch vault and arch invert. The waist section is the most vulnerable to water infiltration. To address its failure characteristics, advance grouting with small-diameter pipes was implemented. This created a loess-mudstone transition zone at the interface, effectively controlling surrounding rock deformation and reducing the disturbance caused by water infiltration to the tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the cracking mechanism in self-piercing riveting between non-heat-treated die-casting aluminum alloy and steel sheets","authors":"Yong Zhang,&nbsp;Junfei Yan,&nbsp;Bengang Yi,&nbsp;Hongsheng Tian,&nbsp;Yijiao Sun,&nbsp;Na Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale integrated die-casting has been widely adopted in automotive body structure design. To minimize structural deformation during heat treatment and meet crash safety standards, non-heat-treated (NHT) die-casting aluminum alloys have become the preferred material for large-scale die-casting structural components. Compared to conventional heat-treatable die-casting aluminum alloys, these NHT variants exhibit superior mechanical properties without additional heat treatment processing, while retaining excellent castability. However, they generally display reduced ductility. Experimental results indicate that materials with low ductility are prone to cracking during self-piercing riveting (SPR), which critically affects joint quality and reliability. This study establishes a two-dimensional finite element model to investigate the cracking mechanism of NHT die-casting aluminum alloys when riveted to steel sheets. The finite element model simulates the riveting process and enables detailed analysis of crack initiation and propagation within the bottom sheet. Critical joint performance metrics such as interlock, head height, and residual bottom thickness are also evaluated. Experimental validation confirms the model’s accuracy. Utilizing the validated model, the relationship between damage accumulation in the bottom sheet and its stress state and plastic strain is further explored. The fundamental mechanisms governing cracking during SPR in these alloys are identified. Moreover, a method for selecting suitable rivet dies for NHT die-casting aluminum alloys is proposed and verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on fracture mechanism and damage degree of GFRP/steel–concrete hybrid girder by acoustic emission technology","authors":"Jiashuo Teng ,&nbsp;Fangzhu Du ,&nbsp;Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Dapeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated fracture mechanisms and quantified damage progression in GFRP/steel–concrete hybrid girders using advanced acoustic emission (AE) technology. A novel two-step filtering strategy was proposed to mitigate the negative influence of interference signals and enhance the reliability of structural failure analysis. The variation of basic AE parameters accurately reflected the evolutionary mechanisms and demonstrated sensitivity to sudden damage. Derivative indicators, such as the RA-AF, b-value, and sentry function, effectively discerned failure modes and assessed the damage degree. The comprehensive analysis integrating basic AE parameters with these derivative indicators was recommended to enhance the reliability of damage assessment beyond sole-indicator analysis. Furthermore, a thorough discussion determined the rational threshold values for the T-filter and IF-filter. It also confirmed that employing the WD sensor with a threshold of 50 dB in the AE system represents a wise choice for long-term structural health monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure mechanism transition from fatigue spallation to oxidative wear in age-hardened Ni3x(FeCr)yCo(x+y)/2 high-entropy alloys produced by laser directed energy deposition at elevated temperature","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Dali Li ,&nbsp;Binxin Dong ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Peijian Chen ,&nbsp;Yanhua Bian ,&nbsp;Qiansheng Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Fan ,&nbsp;Xiuli He","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature friction and wear–induced degradation of structural materials is a major factor limiting the service life of critical components operating under severe thermal conditions. In this study, Ni_3x(FeCr)_yCo_(x+y)/2 high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with x/y ratios of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 were fabricated using laser directed energy deposition (LDED). The objective was to regulate the transition of high-temperature wear-induced failure mechanisms through compositional tuning and age-hardening treatment. The as-deposited alloys consist of an FCC-structured γ matrix and an HCP-structured Laves phase, whose volume fraction decreases with increasing x/y ratio. Age-hardening actively modulates the microstructure, promoting partial dissolution of the Laves phase and the precipitation of nanoscale L1₂-type γ′ coherent particles. The microhardness of the aged alloys increases with the x/y ratio and is markedly higher than that of the as-deposited condition. High-temperature (600 °C) tribological tests reveal that the wear rate of the as-deposited alloys first increases and then decreases with the x/y ratio, whereas that of the aged alloys decreases monotonically, reaching a minimum value of 3.53 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m) at x/y = 1.5. Age-hardening strengthens the matrix and facilitates the formation of a dense oxide film enriched in Ni and Al, effectively suppressing fatigue-induced spallation of the oxide film. This study shows that tuning composition and applying age-hardening can actively control high-temperature wear failure modes, offering guidance for designing materials with superior high-temperature wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion mechanism and zirconia erosion-resistant protection of shale gas gathering pipelines under dynamic gas-liquid-solid flow conditions","authors":"Yitong Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Kong ,&nbsp;Xueming Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Ma ,&nbsp;Yu Lei ,&nbsp;Kaifu Mi ,&nbsp;Qingqing Ding ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline erosion is one of the major causes of equipment failure and safety accidents in the field of petroleum engineering. To enhance the operational safety of shale gas gathering systems and address the complex and unpredictable nature of pipe wall erosion, this work investigated the erosion behavior of pipelines through comparative friction and erosion experiments using steel pipes and five anti-erosion materials. The erosion mechanism of steel pipes was revealed, and zirconia was identified as the optimal erosion-resistant layer material based on its superior anti-wear and anti-erosion performance. A gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow mathematical model has been established to simulate the entire life-cycle erosion process. The simulation results elucidate the particle motion characteristics and erosion patterns under continuously varying phase ratios. Comparison between the steel substrate and zirconia-layered pipe indicates that the erosion rate of steel increases sharply during the early service stage, while that of the zirconia layer remains nearly stable, resulting in a 73 % reduction in maximum erosion rate. Field application tests of the erosion-resistant pipes in shale gas gathering systems demonstrated that the service life was extended from 7 days to 3 months, and post-service inspection showed the layer still retained protective capability. This work provides theoretical insights and engineering guidance for anti-erosion design and service life extension of shale gas gathering pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical model of electrical contact friction for wear failure analysis and prediction of aerospace slip rings","authors":"Chengshang Si ,&nbsp;Deli Zheng ,&nbsp;Shilong Sun ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenfu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2026.110526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotary electrical slip rings provide continuous electrical connection between stationary and rotating ends via sliding contact between brushes and slip rings and are widely used in aerospace and industrial manufacturing. However, during continuous operation, current-carrying friction often leads to severe brush wear, directly affecting the system’s current transmission capability and signal integrity, and may even result in engineering failures. To address this issue, this study proposes a mechanism-based wear model for rotary electrical slip rings that improves on the traditional Archard model. The proposed model incorporates thermal effects and material property variations at the contact interface and further refines the quantification of arc erosion by accounting for contact instability. To validate the model, a dedicated experimental platform was developed to collect wear data under various operating conditions, along with real-time measurements of voltage and temperature at the contact interface. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately predicts brush wear across multiple working conditions, with an average prediction error of 6.65%. Based on the slip ring model developed in this study, sensitivity and correlation analyses were conducted on key variables including load, current, and rotational speed. The results reveal that load exerts the greatest influence on wear rate, and specific combinations of load and current can effectively reduce wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}