Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Multiple rounds large-scale blasting in rock floor for rockburst elimination of ultra-thick coal seam under a protective layer: A case study","authors":"Minghe Ju ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Linming Dou ,&nbsp;Jiliang Kan ,&nbsp;Fangzhou Lu ,&nbsp;Chenlong Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a high-gas and rockburst combined coal mine, the effectiveness of long-borehole blasting in rock floors for rockburst elimination in ultra-thick coal seams is evaluated. The protective layer’s failure in coal safety mining is analyzed, and a numerical model is developed to study the local accumulation of high-energy seismic events, considering the spatio-temporal relationship between the protective layer and the working faces in coal seam. A multi-round blasting scheme is designed using a gas-extraction roadway under the coal seam, with a blasting efficiency index (<em>S</em>_e) proposed for assessment. The study compares blasting efficiency in the coal pillar area and solid coal area. Results show that the protective layer, compacted by long-term strong mining stress, loses its pressure relief function, leading to stress concentration and energy accumulation in the coal pillar, causing high-energy seismic events and damage to adjacent roadways. Floor blasting effectively prevents rockbursts by inducing high-energy seismic events that dissipate energy through coal and rock mass rupture. The initial local blasting reduces strain energy by 78 %, outperforming subsequent rounds; <em>S</em>_e reaches 0.519–0.604 near thrust faults and stabilizes at 0.3–0.5 in solid coal areas. The local initial blasting outperforms subsequent rounds, the frequency of seismic events in the blasting treatment area increases, and the elastic energy accumulated in the coal and rock mass is released as low-energy seismic events. <em>S</em>_e evaluates seismic induction, energy release, and pressure relief, reflecting the energy accumulation of coal and rock in different regions where <em>S</em>_e is stable in areas with low mining disturbance, while areas with repeated high-energy seismic events show more complex energy re-accumulation processes. Multi-rounds for inducing seismic events and releasing strain energy should be adjusted based on monitoring results during mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rainfall-induced localized argillaceous limestone softening coupled with internal submersion on tunnel linings","authors":"Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Min ,&nbsp;Yuzheng Wang ,&nbsp;Chengping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under heavy rainfall, karst tunnel construction in heterogeneous strata confronts risks because recharged cavities exposed during excavation can trigger water inrushes to exert pressure on the completed linings, while adjacent muddy limestone becomes saturated, softens, and thereby impairs the bearing capacity of the completed linings. This study investigates tunnel linings’ mechanical response in water-rich environment under coupled such softening and high internal water pressure using simulations and experiments. The main findings include: (1) Localized softening zones concentrate lining cracks, forming continuous inner-surface cracks along boundaries and outer reticulate cracks within softened regions. (2) Combined surrounding rock pressure and external water pressure induce significant convergent deformation. Internal water pressure exacerbates outward expansion, triggering localized bulging in softening zones. (3) Localized softening zones trigger 3D mechanical responses with circumferential and longitudinal internal forces; internal water pressure amplifies the local bending moments and reduces axial force via expansion deformation. (4) Longitudinal tensile stresses dominate circumferential boundaries (inducing circumferential cracks) and circumferential tensile stresses prevail at longitudinal boundaries (triggering longitudinal cracks); softened zones’ outer surfaces have significant bidirectional tensile stresses, causing combined lining cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile strength and damage patterns of bolted interference-fit joints in composite open-hole laminates based on acoustic emission monitoring","authors":"Tongyu Wu,&nbsp;Yonggang Kang,&nbsp;Shuaijia Kou,&nbsp;Zhipu Tan,&nbsp;Zihao Wang,&nbsp;Guangyu Zhao,&nbsp;Bokuan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite bolted interference-fit joint can effectively enhance structural strength. However, damage introduced during the interference-fit installation significantly limits the broader application of this technique. To address this issue, this study systematically investigated the tensile strength and damage evolution of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under varying interference-fit sizes, by integrating acoustic emission (AE) monitoring with machine learning algorithms. The study aimed to reveal the intrinsic correlation between AE signals collected during the interference-fit installation and bearing process. It also clarified how different interference-fit sizes affect the tensile strength and damage resistance of CFRP laminates. The results showed that for bolted interference-fit joints in composite open-hole laminates, the interference-fit size has a negligible effect on their tensile strength. And, residual stresses around the holes, induced by an 1.2% interference-fit size effectively suppressed delamination initiation during bearing, delays the onset of multiple damage patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure characterization and mechanism of fatigue crack propagation of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel laser welded joints","authors":"Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Youqiong Qin ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Chenduo Ji ,&nbsp;Shanglei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2MnB5 high-strength steel with Al-Si coating was implemented by fiber laser welding and employed by hot forming in the following. The microstructural characterization of the welded joints was investigated both before and after hot forming. Meanwhile, the microhardness, tensile strength and fatigue properties were also investigated. The welded joint prior to hot forming had three different zones in heat-affected zone (HAZ) which expressed varied hardness. Lath martensite and worm-like δ-ferrite were the dominant microstructural constituents in the fusion zone (FZ). In contrast, after hot forming, the boundaries between distinct HAZ regions of the welded joint became blurred. The microstructural gradient within the HAZ was eliminated and its microstructure was transformed to martensite. δ-ferrite in FZ preserved whose hardness exhibited no significant variation from the pre-hot forming. The base metal (BM) underwent a microstructure transformation to lath martensite, and this process was associated with a distinct increasing of hardness. The results of mechanical test after hot stamping were illustrated that the static tensile strength of the welded joint was 1338 MPa which can be up to 86 % of the base metal and it fractured in the FZ. The fatigue trials were conducted under stress-controlled tension–tension cyclic loading (loading frequency: 10 Hz; stress ratio R = 0.1), the fatigue limits of the welded joint and BM were determined to be 420 MPa and 520 MPa, respectively. For the welded joint, fatigue cracks initiated in the FZ, where fatigue striations formed and propagated rapidly along the crack path. Final fast propagation regions exhibited with quasi-cleavage and ductile mixed fracture mode. Differently, fatigue cracks of the base metal originated from surface pits, and their propagation was accelerated by the action of secondary cracks. The final propagation expressed only ductile fracture characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired, model-driven design of 3D-printed graded honeycomb shock absorbers to make an impact on minimizing injury in elevator drop accidents","authors":"Sayed Shahabodin Hashemi ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Galehdari ,&nbsp;Hossein Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops and validates a bioinspired, additively manufactured graded honeycomb shock absorber designed to enhance elevator safety during free-fall accidents while meeting EN81 performance standards. By integrating standard load classifications with lower bound theorem principles, we established design parameters that simultaneously maximize energy absorption and maintain critical passenger safety limits. The research introduces three key innovations: (i) a novel energy absorption equation based on geometric and plateau-stress considerations, (ii) a modified bimodal constitutive model for polymer characterization, and (iii) fabrication boundary conditions that account for manufacturing-induced material variability. Through combined experimental and numerical approaches, including quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests simulating elevator crash scenarios, the shock absorber's performance was validated. The modified bimodal model predicted material behavior with 94% accuracy, while the theoretical energy equation showed 92% agreement with experimental measurements. The new theoretical energy absorption equation, derived from the lower bound theorem and integrated with a modified bimodal constitutive model, significantly predicted the mechanical response of PLA across both elastic and plastic regimes. The proposed model incorporates manufacturing boundary conditions that effectively account for process-induced variability, ensuring repeatable performance despite the inherent uncertainties of additive manufacturing. The optimized structure has the potential to achieve an energy absorption of 661 J with specific energy absorption values of 258 kJ/kg in quasi-static tests and 58 kJ/kg in impact tests, while limiting the maximum reaction force to below 6200 N and average decelerations to under 1 gₙ, thresholds critical for preventing lower-extremity injuries. Beyond numerical and experimental validation, a biomechanical simulation of human foot bones under equivalent impact loads confirmed the absorber’s protective potential for passenger safety. While formal certification by an international standards body requires additional notified body testing, this work provides a validated, laboratory-proven approach for developing lightweight, polymer-based energy absorbers that meet key safety-critical performance thresholds, with clear potential for applications in transportation and aerospace. This work establishes a reproducible design framework, integrating theoretical modeling, fabrication control, and experimental validation to create impact energy absorbers that are both standard-compliant and industrially viable. Consequently, the study introduces not only a novel shock-absorbing structure, but also a methodological blueprint that can be extended to other materials, such as PP, PETG, and composites, and to higher-energy impact scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collapse failure analysis of the single-layer reticulated shell dome for a large-scale slag oil tank","authors":"Fan Zhou ,&nbsp;Lingyang Kong ,&nbsp;Tianliang Huang ,&nbsp;Yanling Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The failure mechanisms and root causes of the collapse of the single-layer reticulated shell dome for a 30,000 m³ slag oil tank were explored. Specifically, macro–micro characterization and physicochemical testing were conducted on the key components of plate joint (including tie rods, gusset plates and bolts) were carried out. Meanwhile, stability analysis of the reticulated shell dome considering geometric nonlinearity was carried out by numerical simulation. And finally, load verification was performed on the bolts. The results show that the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the materials for tie rods, gusset plates and bolts all meet the requirements of relevant standards. The predicted critical instability load of the dome is 6.18 times the actual load it bears, which rules out the possibility of the dome collapsing due to the overall stability failure. Analysis indicates that extreme weather (strong winds and heavy rains) and the additional approximately 70-ton concrete waterproof structure led to an excessive actual negative pressure load on the reticulated shell, which in turn caused the shear fracture of the bolts in the plate joints. After the failure of a single joint, load redistribution among adjacent joints was triggered, eventually resulting in the overall collapse of the reticulated shell dome. The incorrect design of bolts in the plate joint system and their insufficient shear strength are the root causes of this dome collapse accident. In addition, suggestions are also put forward to avoid similar collapse accidents for large-scale storage tanks with reticulated shell domes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Al-induced network rust structure enhancing the corrosion resistance of Fe-4Al steel in tropical marine atmospheres","authors":"Yongzhe Yang ,&nbsp;Xueliang Shang ,&nbsp;Jinghua Cong ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Xu ,&nbsp;Xuemin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the differences in corrosion behavior between Fe-4Al (wt.%) steel and an ordinary weathering steel (Corten-A) in a tropical marine environment. The structure, elemental distribution, and phases of the rust layer were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD. The results showed that Fe-4Al steel has better corrosion resistance compared to Corten-A. The corrosion rate of Corten-A at 2 years of exposure is 3.2 times that of 4Al. The Al element is significantly enriched within the rust layer and is present in the form of AlOOH and Al(OH)₃. AlOOH provides numerous nucleation sites, inducing the formation and interwoven growth of FeOOH network structures within the Al rich regions. This network structure can hinder the propagation of microcracks in the rust layer and enhance the adhesion of the rust layer. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of Al(OH)₃ for Cl^–, combined with the aforementioned effects of AlOOH, results in a denser rust layer that can effectively resist Cl^– intrusion and promote the formation of more α-FeOOH. Consequently, the rust layer of Fe-4Al steel plays a more effective protective role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic mechanism of laser-ultrasonic elliptical vibration on turning damage suppression in SiCp/Al composites","authors":"Peicheng Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Tian ,&nbsp;Heshuai Yu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Bie ,&nbsp;Yashan Feng ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Ke Niu ,&nbsp;Daohui Xiang ,&nbsp;Guofu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A newly proposed laser-ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning (LUEVT) process was designed to suppress damage in conventionally machined SiCp/Al composites. To account for the material’s heterogeneous structure, a finite element model (FEM) with randomly distributed SiC particles was established to simulate the LUEVT process of SiCp/Al composites. By combining numerical simulations with experimental tests, the mechanisms of machining damage initiation, damage suppression, and material removal were explored, with a focus on the synergistic effects of laser thermal softening and ultrasonic elliptical vibration. The results showed that the laser heating can increased thermal flux of the material, causing it to soften and enhancing chip continuity. Ultrasonic elliptical vibration significantly alleviated stress, reduced the depth of crack propagation, and thus improved the plastic removal ability, effectively suppressing machining damage. Concurrently, these two synergistic effects mitigate the cutting force’s magnitude and its associated fluctuations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ductile fracture behavior of X65 pipeline steel under different stress states","authors":"Yongxin Xu ,&nbsp;Xingfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Lianmin Cao ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Guiyi Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhen ,&nbsp;Yuguang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental tests and numerical simulations on tensile specimens with different geometries were carried out to investigate the ductile fracture behavior of pipeline steel under various stress states. Based on uniaxial tensile test data, the damage parameters of the MMC damage model were calibrated using a genetic-algorithm-based optimization procedure. After calibration, numerical simulations of uniaxial tensile specimens with different geometries were performed, and their fracture behavior under different stress states was studied in combination with experiments. The results show that the numerical simulations agree very well with the experimental data: the error in fracture displacement is less than 8.04%, and the average load error in the plastic regime is within 4.36%, which confirms the predictive capability of the MMC model for fracture behavior under different stress states. The significant influence of stress triaxiality and the normalized Lode angle parameter on fracture strain and failure mode is discussed. At low stress triaxiality, the material mainly exhibits shear fracture, and as the stress triaxiality increases, the fracture mode gradually transitions from shear-dominated to tension-dominated fracture. Under tension-dominated stress states, a smaller notch radius leads to higher stress triaxiality and a pronounced reduction in plastic deformation capacity. By further correlating stress paths with crack propagation trajectories and fracture morphologies, the continuous transition mechanism of X65 pipeline steel from low-triaxiality shear-dominated fracture to high-triaxiality tension-dominated fracture is revealed, demonstrating that the MMC damage model can provide a unified description of fracture modes under multiple stress paths. This study provides a reliable prediction method for the ductile fracture behavior of X65 pipeline steel and offers a reference for establishing a mapping between stress state, fracture mode, and fracture morphology of X65 pipeline steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural failure analysis of wind turbines in 2024 Greenfield tornado","authors":"Muhammad Usama Aslam,&nbsp;Alice Alipour","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tornadoes present a critical hazard to energy infrastructure, with their extreme wind speeds and complex three dimensional velocity structures making accurate structural assessment and modeling exceptionally challenging. This study focuses on the structural failure mechanisms of utility-scale wind turbines impacted by tornado-induced loads, with a detailed case study of the wind turbines damaged during the 2024 Greenfield tornado. Combining forensic field investigations with advanced finite element modeling, this research systematically examines failure modes in both the turbine tower and blades. Field damage observations, including tower buckling and localized plastic deformation, were validated through finite element analysis, which confirmed that local inelastic buckling driven by stress concentrations near geometric discontinuities was the primary failure mechanism. Three key parametric studies were conducted: influence of the characteristic height of maximum radial velocity on applied wind loading; effect of lateral offset from tornado path center on structural damage severity; and role of tower wall thickness in enhancing resistance to tornado-induced loads.</div><div>Findings from these analyses directly inform recommendations for improved tower designs in tornado-prone regions. The study also highlights limitations in the existing wind turbine standards, which currently overlook tornado-specific loading scenarios, and advocates for incorporating tornado-resistant design provisions and revised safety factors. Overall, this work advances the understanding of tornado-induced structural vulnerabilities in wind turbines and provides actionable insights to enhance the resilience and reliability of wind energy infrastructure in tornado prone regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 110387"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}