Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献_第8页

A cutting-edge model for enhancing FRP-to-concrete bond strength via bent anchor-assisted EBR method 通过弯曲锚辅助EBR方法提高frp与混凝土粘结强度的前沿模型

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109844

Behzad Attari, Mohammadreza Tavakkolizadeh, Amir R. Masoodi

{"title":"A cutting-edge model for enhancing FRP-to-concrete bond strength via bent anchor-assisted EBR method","authors":"Behzad Attari, Mohammadreza Tavakkolizadeh, Amir R. Masoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have emerged as a fundamental component in the reinforcement of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, particularly through the Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique. Despite its widespread use, premature debonding at the FRP–concrete interface often limits the effectiveness of this technique, curtailing the full utilization of FRP’s mechanical capacity. To overcome this challenge, this study introduces an innovative approach involving the use of bent FRP anchors installed prior to the application of FRP sheets. This method maintains fiber alignment, simplifies the installation process, and improves bond integrity. A total of 48 RC prism specimens were created and reinforced with FRP sheets alongside bent FRP anchors, forming a cohesive EBR system. Extensive single-lap shear tests were conducted to evaluate the bond behavior under controlled conditions. Importantly, a new predictive model was formulated to estimate the ultimate bond strength at the FRP-to-concrete interface, taking into account critical factors such as anchor geometry, bonding configuration, and material characteristics. Validation against experimental data demonstrated that the proposed model accurately predicted the bond strength for 75% of the specimens not used in the model calibration, with a deviation of less than 5%. The findings underscore the synergistic impact of bent FRP anchors on bond performance and illustrate the model’s effectiveness in capturing the intricate interaction mechanisms. This research presents a dependable and practical advancement for enhancing the efficiency and predictability of FRP-based retrofitting systems in structural engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ deformation and fracture behavior of anisotropic and heterogeneous microstructures in laser directed energy deposited H13 steel 激光定向能沉积H13钢各向异性和非均质组织的原位变形和断裂行为

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109867

Guo Wang , Haidong Zhao , Chaoyang Deng , Wenyou Ma

{"title":"In-situ deformation and fracture behavior of anisotropic and heterogeneous microstructures in laser directed energy deposited H13 steel","authors":"Guo Wang , Haidong Zhao , Chaoyang Deng , Wenyou Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser directed energy deposited H13 steel exhibits significant microstructural heterogeneity between melt pool zones (MPZ) and boundary zones (BZ), along with pronounced anisotropy across different principal material planes. To investigate the influence of heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures on the deformation behavior, the morphological evolution, local misorientation development, and strain distribution were systematically characterized through in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. Comprehensive microstructural characterization revealed that the heterogeneity originates from distinct solidification thermal histories and in-situ tempering effects, which consequently reduce the material’s strength. The deformation mechanisms were elucidated with respect to loading direction and microstructural heterogeneity characteristics across different principal material planes. For BOT oriented specimen perpendicular to the scanning direction, strain concentration and microcrack initiation occur at weak regions (arc-shaped melt pool bottom centers and melt pool-track boundary intersections), leading to fracture along melt pool boundaries; BOS specimen oriented perpendicular to the transverse direction demonstrates strong orientation dependence, where incompatible slip in adjacent MPZs induces deformation and microcrack formation in BZs, resulting in sudden fracture through microcrack linkage; SOT specimen oriented perpendicular to the build direction exhibits optimal strength-ductility synergy attributable to minimal in-situ tempering effects and weakest heterogeneity between MPZ and BZ. These findings provide fundamental insights into the deformation and fracture mechanisms of additively manufactured materials with inherent microstructural heterogeneity and anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of multiple welding thermal cycles on microstructure and stress corrosion crack susceptibility of the 9 % Ni steel 多次焊接热循环对9% Ni钢组织和应力腐蚀裂纹敏感性的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109858

Augusto Veríssimo Passos, João da Cruz Payão Filho, Victor Hugo Pereira Moraes e Oliveira, Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios, Francisco Werley Cipriano Farias

{"title":"Effect of multiple welding thermal cycles on microstructure and stress corrosion crack susceptibility of the 9 % Ni steel","authors":"Augusto Veríssimo Passos, João da Cruz Payão Filho, Victor Hugo Pereira Moraes e Oliveira, Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios, Francisco Werley Cipriano Farias","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thick seamless 9 % Ni steel pipes used in CO<sub>2</sub> injection units (CO<sub>2</sub>-IUs) are exposed to high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> with traces of dissolved H<sub>2</sub>S, creating a sour environment that can induce stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This issue is particularly critical in welded joints due to the presence of hard microstructural constituents (e.g., martensite). In this context, the present work evaluates the influence of superimposed multiple welding thermal cycles, typical of thick joints, on the SCC susceptibility of 9 % Ni steel in an environment similar to that found in CO<sub>2</sub>-IUs. The welding thermal cycles of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were computationally simulated (finite element method) and physically reproduced (Gleeble® machine). The coarse-grain (CG) HAZ thermal cycle was superimposed with fine-grain (CG-FG), intercritical (CG-IC), and subcritical (CG-SC) thermal cycles. Additionally, the CG-FG thermal cycle was further superimposed with intercritical (CG-FG-IC) and subcritical (CG-FG-SC) ones. The SCC susceptibility of the simulated HAZs was evaluated through the slow strain rate testing (ASTM G129). None of the tested conditions met the hardness requirement (maximum of 250 HV), exhibiting a microstructure primarily composed of martensite (fresh or tempered) and coalesced bainite. This leads to severe susceptibility to SSC (almost absence of plastic elongation), with all tested conditions being more susceptible than the base metal. In conclusion, superimposed HAZ thermal cycles resulted in SCC-prone microstructures, suggesting that 9 % Ni steel welded joints could fail under CO<sub>2</sub>-IU operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties and crack evolution of rock-like specimens with random spherical defects under uniaxial compression 含随机球形缺陷的类岩石试样单轴压缩力学性能及裂纹演化

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109857

Can Cui , Qianchen Wang , Wenqiang Ma

{"title":"Mechanical properties and crack evolution of rock-like specimens with random spherical defects under uniaxial compression","authors":"Can Cui , Qianchen Wang , Wenqiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock mass is a heterogeneous and discontinuous medium. There are plenty of randomly distributed holes and defects with varying sizes and locations. In this paper, rock-like specimens containing random spherical defects were prepared, and the effects of defect size and homogeneity on the mechanical properties, crack evolution, failure characteristics, and stress distribution of the rock-like specimen were investigated through laboratory testing and PFC3D numerical simulation. The test and simulation results indicate that the UCS decreases with increasing defect size. The Young’s modulus increases with larger defect sizes. Both UCS and Young’s modulus exhibit decreasing trends with improved homogeneity of defect size distribution. The stress monitoring reveals significant stress concentration around large defects, with stress magnitudes substantially exceeding other areas. Conversely, models with small defects show more uniform stress distributions. The stress distribution features match the model fracture propagation; the broad propagation of cracks around the big size releases substantial local stresses. Furthermore, the failure mode of the specimens and models is primarily characterized by cracking and bulging peeling of large defective specimens. Surface cracks on specimens with small defect sizes and an enormous number of defects are thin and short. The research findings can serve as a reference for the stability maintenance of porous rock engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of stainless steel coiled tubing served for CO2 flooding injection well in CCUS-EOR environments CCUS-EOR环境下CO2驱注水井用不锈钢连续油管应力腐蚀开裂行为及机理

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109847

Guangming Yang , Huaiyun Cui , Tianjie Huang , Bin Liang , Jingchen Zhang , Lixian Wang , Zhiyong Liu , Cuiwei Du , Xiaogang Li

{"title":"Stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of stainless steel coiled tubing served for CO2 flooding injection well in CCUS-EOR environments","authors":"Guangming Yang , Huaiyun Cui , Tianjie Huang , Bin Liang , Jingchen Zhang , Lixian Wang , Zhiyong Liu , Cuiwei Du , Xiaogang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of stainless steel coiled tubing in CO<sub>2</sub> injection wells were investigated through comprehensive analysis. The research demonstrates that at elevated temperatures, the defect concentration within the passive film on the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) surfaces increases, while the reduced ratios of Cr<sub>ox</sub>/Cr<sub>hy</sub>, Fe<sub>ox</sub><sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sub>ox</sub><sup>2+</sup>, and O<sup>2–</sup>/OH<sup>–</sup> degrade the stability and pitting resistance of passive film. High concentrations of Cl<sup>–</sup> promote the preferential localized dissolution of the passive film on the weld surface, triggering the initiation of pitting corrosion. Under high residual stresses at weld surface, microcracks preferentially nucleate at the bottom of corrosion pits in the weld and HAZ. These cracks propagate along deformation bands, twins, and dislocations regions with high defect concentrations via a mixed intergranular and transgranular SCC mode. Sulfide enrichment at crack tips further drives crack propagation. Ultimately, cracks propagate from the inner to outer wall of coiled tubing, culminating in structural failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The failure assessment of historical masonry towers subjected to near-field and far-field ground motions 近场和远场地震动作用下历史砖石塔的破坏评价

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109856

Mohammad Amir Najafgholipour , Zahra Hamidian , Hossein Darvishi , Paolo Gardoni

{"title":"The failure assessment of historical masonry towers subjected to near-field and far-field ground motions","authors":"Mohammad Amir Najafgholipour , Zahra Hamidian , Hossein Darvishi , Paolo Gardoni","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical masonry towers and minarets can be found in various regions around the world. These monuments hold great historical value, leading to numerous studies investigating their structural behavior under different loading conditions, including seismic excitations. However, the impact of source-to-site distance on the seismic behavior of masonry towers has not yet been well-studied. This variable plays a crucial role in shaping the characteristics of ground motion, thereby affecting the response of a structure. This study focuses on evaluating the seismic behavior of three historical towers in Europe each with unique geometrical features such as opening layout and slenderness. The towers are subjected to both near-field (with forward directivity and fling step) and far-field ground motions through nonlinear time history analyses using the finite element software Abaqus. A total of 21 ground excitations corresponding to actual earthquakes are applied to the towers at three different intensities of ground motion. For this purpose, the acceleration records are scaled to regional design spectra. The results of the analysis reveal that near-field ground shakings, particularly those with fling step, cause more severe damage to the towers compared to far-field excitations. Furthermore, the opening layout in the surrounding walls of the towers significantly impacts their seismic behavior regardless of the type of ground motion, where the failure in towers initiates from the openings at the top of the towers and in the surrounding walls. In addition, the floors and internal horizontal diaphragms have a significant role in improving their out-of-plane stability under out-of-plane loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term structural responses of a shield tunnel in soft-hard composite strata: A numerical study 软-硬复合地层中盾构隧道长期结构响应的数值研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109853

Yuxuan Wang , Jianping Yang , Weizhong Chen , Qiding Li , Zhibo Ma

{"title":"Long-term structural responses of a shield tunnel in soft-hard composite strata: A numerical study","authors":"Yuxuan Wang , Jianping Yang , Weizhong Chen , Qiding Li , Zhibo Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term structural responses (100 years) of the operational shield tunnel under the effect of longitudinal uneven settlement in composite strata are studied. The longitudinal uneven settlement is caused by creep of weak strata. For the sake that traditional load-structure method can’t simulate the creep effect of strata, a new improved load-structure method adopting Maxwell viscoelastic elements is proposed to meticulously examine various structural responses of shield tunnel. The results indicate that both uneven longitudinal settlement and convergence deformation intensify as a result of stratum creep. The uneven settlement arose from the dislocation of circumferential joints (CJs), with a maximum dislocation of 6 mm observed at the circumferential joint numbered CJ4, which locates at the junction of soft and hard strata. The opening of CJ4 (3.5 mm) is also larger than other CJs. The longitudinal joints (LJs) exhibit stronger dislocation and opening in the soft stratum. The maximum dislocation of LJs reaches 7.8 mm, and the maximum opening reaches 6 mm, which occurs at the spandrel due to the contraint effect of the internal structure. The opening of LJs predominantly occurs on the outer side of segments. Additionally, plastic damage also occurs in the segment concrete around joints and bolt holes, in the bolts and internal structures after long term creep of the weak strata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tailoring damage tolerance in glass fiber/epoxy laminates via strategic steel mesh hybridization: Influence of mesh geometry and stacking arrangements 在玻璃纤维/环氧层板中通过战略性钢网格杂交剪裁损伤容限：网格几何形状和堆叠安排的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109855

Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said , Amr Seif , M. Megahed , Emad Ghandourah , I.M.R. Najjar

{"title":"Tailoring damage tolerance in glass fiber/epoxy laminates via strategic steel mesh hybridization: Influence of mesh geometry and stacking arrangements","authors":"Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said , Amr Seif , M. Megahed , Emad Ghandourah , I.M.R. Najjar","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced composites’ main drawbacks are their restricted toughness and vulnerability to localized damage, which limited their use in many high-performance applications. Despite prior studies focused on tensile and flexural properties, this study offers insight into the damage tolerance and material performance in hybrid laminates of expanded steel mesh and glass fiber subjected to fracture and interlaminar shear loading. The goal was to examine how hybridization variables, including fine, medium, and coarse steel meshes, vertical and horizontal loading mesh orientation, and the arrangement of mesh layers in the surface and core, affect fracture and shear performance. Hybrid laminates were manufactured utilizing hand layup method, adopting AISI 304 expanded steel mesh and woven glass fiber in an epoxy matrix. Mechanical testing followed ASTM D2344 for short-beam shear and ASTM D5045 for notched three-point bending. The results revealed that hybrid composites exhibited stable load-bearing performance without brittle failure but enhanced damage tolerance. Compared to pure glass laminates, these laminates demonstrated improvements of up to 198.6 % (in SHO3) and 13.15 % (in SVO3) in terms of G<sub>IC</sub> and K<sub>IC</sub>, respectively. In certain core arrangements, there was a 1.5 to 10.9 % increase in ILS strength, while contrary surface arrangements experienced up to a − 29.8 % drop in ILS strength. The study revealed that by properly optimizing mesh size, position, and loading orientation, composites can be customized for engineering structures that demand balanced strength, fracture resistance, and damage tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Qualitative evaluation of failure mechanisms of aluminium 6061-T6 cold spray repairs” [Eng. Fail. Anal. 175 (2025) 109581] “6061-T6铝冷喷涂修复失效机理定性评价”的勘误[英文版]。失败。肛。175 (2025)109581]

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109845

Sudip Kundu, Konstantinos Stamoulis

引用次数: 0

Damage mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of building structures following the 2025 M 7.7 Mandalay earthquake sequence, Myanmar 2025年缅甸曼德勒7.7级地震后建筑结构的破坏机制和地震易损性

IF 4.4 2区工程技术

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109849

Wai Yar Aung , Suraj Gautam , Dipendra Gautam

{"title":"Damage mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of building structures following the 2025 M 7.7 Mandalay earthquake sequence, Myanmar","authors":"Wai Yar Aung , Suraj Gautam , Dipendra Gautam","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The M 7.7 Mandalay earthquake struck central Myanmar on March 28, 2025, at 6:20:52 UTC, resulting in widespread damage to residential buildings, public buildings, critical structures and infrastructures, heritage structures, and monuments. An M 6.7 aftershock followed the mainshock after 12 min, which aggravated damage to structures and infrastructures. More than 81,600 buildings sustained some level of damage due to the earthquake sequence per the disaster management authority. At least 3387 fatalities and 5106 injuries occurred primarily in the vicinity of the rupture propagation along the Sagaing fault. This paper presents an account of damage mechanisms observed in reinforced concrete, brick masonry, brick nogging, and wooden buildings together with heritage structures and monuments. The failure modes are juxtaposed with the status of the enforcement of seismic detailing and code compliance. We also present critiques and future improvements in the building codes. Preliminary seismic vulnerability and fragility models are derived for general purpose seismic risk/loss assessment. In addition, strong motion recorded for the mainshock event is interpreted in relation to the damage mechanisms. Global lessons regarding seismic performance of substandard, code noncompliant, and nonengineered construction systems are reflected based on field observations and forensic interpretations. We conclude that the damage mechanisms observed during the Mandalay earthquake sequence are attributed to the lack of adequate seismic considerations adhering to seismic demands, besides strong seismic excitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 109849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0