Engineering Failure Analysis最新文献

{"title":"System reliability analysis of soil-nailed slopes","authors":"Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Luo ,&nbsp;Chenguang Wu ,&nbsp;Meng Lu ,&nbsp;Di Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil nails are extensively employed to improve slope stability. It is exceedingly difficult to analyze the reliability for a soil-nailed slope because there are numerous possible slip surfaces (SSs) and different rows of soil nails may have several different failure modes (FMs). This paper suggests a response surface methodology utilizing backpropagation neural network to assess system reliability (SR) of soil-nailed slope. To evaluate SR for soil-nailed slopes, this research proposes a response surface approach built on backpropagation neural network. How to analyze the most critical FMs govern SR of soil-nailed slope is also described. The recommended method is illustrated with an example of a soil-nailed slope. It is discovered that SR of soil-nailed slope is commonly dominated by a few representative failure modes (RFMs). Furthermore, the SR of slope increases with the number of nail rows when the soil nails are subjected to tensile failure. It also increases with the nail length when soil nails are subjected to pullout failure or deep failure. This study offers practical methods and valuable insights for the SR analysis and design of soil-nailed slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root cause analysis of turboprop engine Inconel 713LC turbine blades failure","authors":"Georgios Chondrakis ,&nbsp;Athanasios Tzanis ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Georgiou ,&nbsp;Angelos Koutsomichalis","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the root cause analysis of failed Inconel 713LC superalloy blades with approximately 3500 flight hours since new from the stage Ι of power turbine is presented. A two-stage axial-flow power turbine driving the propeller of an aircraft turboprop engine through an internal shaft, during take-off at altitude of 600 feet experienced an in-flight shutdown. At the time of the incident the rotational speed of power turbine was at 90 % torque rotating at approximately 1,300 rpm, having operating temperatures above 950 °C. The failure occurred after 120 operating hours from the last engine overhaul inspection. To examine the root of this catastrophic failure, both fractographic and metallographic examinations were performed by various means. It was found that four successive blades of the stage Ι turbine disk initially fractured by fatigue mechanism and then by overload. Fatigue initiation sites were observed mainly at the leading edge of those four blades, where coating degradation appears due to a synergism between thermal fatigue cracking and corrosion that extends through the coating and into the blade base material. Microstructural analysis performed at these four blades revealed solutioning and coarsening of the nickel superalloy gamma prime phase and intergranular creep voids, indicating long-term exposure to high temperature. The remaining 62 blades were subsequently fractured by overload due to impact damage from the fragments. From these examinations, it is concluded that the fatigue cracks on the four turbine blades initiated from the combination of thermal fatigue and corrosion. Subsequently, the cracks propagated by a mix of creep and fatigue due to coating and microstructure degradation caused by overheating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock-crushing mechanism caused by TBM ball-tooth cutter in water jet slotting condition","authors":"Xuhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeren Peng ,&nbsp;Hanwen Lai ,&nbsp;Hengxing Zhong ,&nbsp;Yashi Liao ,&nbsp;Jianfang Li ,&nbsp;Yimin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the rock-crushing mechanism of the TBM ball-tooth cutter in water jet slotting condition, the rock-crushing process and phenomenon in slotting condition was simulated and observed with finite element simulation and experimental test, respectively. Then, the difference in rock-crushing features in varying slot depths and cut breadths were compared. The research findings indicate that the rock surface exhibits some intermittent pits in the cut trajectory while the ball-tooth cutter cut rock in slotting condition. For a certain slot depth, there exists a critical cut breadth within which the slotting condition has an auxiliary effect for the ball-tooth cutter. While the cut breadth is beyond the critical cut breadth, the auxiliary effect of the slotting condition will disappear. The critical cut breadths for the ball-tooth cutter at slot depths of 5 mm, 15 mm, 25 mm, and 35 mm are 20 mm, 30 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm, respectively. At a certain slot depth condition, both the vertical and tangential loads rise then stabilize, but the side load firstly reduces and eventually stabilize with the growth of the cut breadth. Furthermore, the efficiency index initially grows with the growth of the cut breadth, but after reaching a peak, it begins to reduce and ultimately stabilizes. For each slot depth, there exists an optimal cut breadth that maximizes the efficiency index and enhances rock-crushing efficiency, and the optimal cut breadth corresponds to the critical cut breadth. Additionally, for a certain cut breadth which is below the critical cut breadth, both the vertical load and the tangential load tend to reduce, whereas the average side load and efficiency index of the ball-tooth cutter show an upward trend with the growth of slot depth from 5 mm to 35 mm. While for the certain cut breadth which is beyond the critical cut breadth, both the rock-crushing loads and efficiency index of the ball-tooth cutter under varying slot depth are similar. Overall, by the assist of water jet slotting condition, the rock-crushing loads and the efficiency index of the ball-tooth cutter could be evidently improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of tensile pre-strain on the low cycle fatigue and fracture behaviour of metastable duplex stainless steel","authors":"Shuo Hao ,&nbsp;Bin Pang ,&nbsp;Zhenduo Sun ,&nbsp;Miao Jin ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Kun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, influence of tensile pre-strain of 10 %∼30 % on the fatigue performance of a metastable duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied at the strain amplitude of <em>ε</em>_a = 1.0 %. The variation of microstructures before cyclic deformation and after fatigue failure, as well as the damage and fracture features was analyzed through TEM, EBSD and SEM observations. The α’_bcc-martensite content was quantified by XRD analyses and Feritscope measurements. The results show that with increasing tensile pre-strain level (0 %≤<em>ε</em>_pre ≤ 30 %), a higher content of α’_bcc-martensite (from 0 % to 8.8 %) in austenite and a higher difference in the micro-hardness of austenite and ferrite (from 11 HV to 39 HV) are shown. During (subsequent) cyclic deformation, dislocation rearrangement and martensitic transformation occur in ferrite and austenite, respectively. Besides, the pre-strained specimens exhibit enhanced cyclic softening and improved fatigue life compared with the as-annealed specimen. The former is mainly due to the development of dislocation rearrangement with increasing pre-strain level, the latter is related to the role of deformation coordination and martensitic transformation in the nucleation and propagation of fatigue crack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure analysis for the optimisation of internally pressurised additive manufactured components","authors":"I.I. Cuesta,&nbsp;A. Díaz,&nbsp;R. Rodríguez-Aparicio,&nbsp;J.M. Alegre","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly recognized as a viable method for producing internally pressurized components with complex geometries that are infeasible to fabricate using conventional machining techniques. Among AM processes, Powder Bed Fusion using Laser for Polymers (PBF-LB/P), commonly referred to as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), enables the fabrication of polyamide-12 (PA-12) components with optimized internal structures. However, ensuring the structural integrity of these components under internal pressure conditions remains a critical challenge. In this work, a response surface methodology (RSM) model was developed to predict burst pressure in elbowed components fabricated via PBF-LB/P, using data obtained from hydraulic fracture tests. The model achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.974 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.56 <em>bar</em>, demonstrating high predictive accuracy. Additionally, a comparative analysis with classical burst pressure models revealed that most traditional models significantly overestimate burst pressures, except for Faupel’s model, which showed the closest agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that failure occurs predominantly through brittle fracture mechanisms, with no significant difference in fracture morphology between thin-walled and thick-walled components. These findings highlight the importance of additive manufacturing process parameters in failure behaviour and validate the applicability of response surface modelling for predicting burst pressure in AM components. This study represents a novel contribution by applying response surface methodology (RSM) to the failure prediction of PBF-LB/P-fabricated pressure components. Unlike previous works focused on isotropic materials or straight-walled geometries, this work targets the burst pressure prediction of elbowed, anisotropic AM parts, an area with limited prior exploration. Additionally, this is the first time that classical failure models are systematically benchmarked against experimental results for PBF-LB/P elbow geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on high-energy beam repair of surface damages in Ni-based single crystal superalloys","authors":"Liankai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieshi Chen ,&nbsp;Shanglei Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Chenlong Qiu ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Renyao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance and durability of modern high-performance aero engines depend on the service life of hot-end turbine blades, which often dictate the engine’s overall lifespan. Ni-based single crystal superalloys are preferred materials for these components due to their superior fatigue, creep, oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, surface defects that occur during operation compromise their mechanical properties and reliability. Therefore, effective repair techniques are essential for restoring these defects and improving service performance. Although various repair methods have been developed, those capable of effectively addressing surface defects in Ni-based single crystal superalloys without damaging material properties remain limited. This review examines the potential of high-energy beam repair technologies as an innovative solution for surface defect restoration. We assess the existing repair techniques, identify their limitations and demonstrate how high-energy beams can restore material integrity while minimizing thermal damage. Key factors such as beam parameters, surface quality and defect recovery efficiency are also discussed. High-energy beam repair methods offer a promising alternative to conventional techniques, significantly enhancing the longevity and performance of repaired components. This review contributes to the optimization of repair strategies, improving the reliability and service life of turbine blades and other critical aero-engine components. Furthermore, it provides insights into the future potential of high-energy beams in advancing material repair technologies, particularly in the aerospace industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The proportion between the gear bending fatigue crack initiation and total life: A quantitative study","authors":"Haifeng He ,&nbsp;Dongdong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaohong Ren ,&nbsp;Rongchen Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiahong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bending fatigue performance of gears is a critical determinant of equipment safety and operational reliability, and thus has been extensively studied. Despite this, the experimental quantitative investigation into the crack initiation and propagation within gear bending fatigue remains incomplete. In this study, a comprehensive series of bending fatigue tests based on the resonance fatigue test machine were conducted to elucidate the proportion between the gear bending fatigue crack initiation life and total life. The microstructure and the fracture morphology were investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The instant when the loading frequency decreases by 2% is defined as the transition point between fatigue crack initiation and propagation. In total 65 set of fatigue test data with different surface treatments, casting states, and gear material were obtained to determine this proportion. Results show that the proportion between crack initial fatigue life and total fatigue life is larger than 95% for the high cycle fatigue regime, regardless of effects induced by loading amplitude, shot peening treatment, casting state and gear material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the failure mechanism of water-bearing sedimentary rocks under true-triaxial stress","authors":"Fudong Li ,&nbsp;Tianyu Chen ,&nbsp;Gaojun Shan ,&nbsp;Liangliang Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yu ,&nbsp;Xianbao Zheng ,&nbsp;Shujuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding water-induced failure behavior of sedimentary rocks under true-triaxial <em>in situ</em> stress is essential for mitigating damaging formation sliding and casing damage during oil and gas development. However, previous studies on water–rock interactions are limited to uniaxial or conventional triaxial stress conditions, leaving the understanding of failure mechanisms associated with lithological and structural diversity under complex 3D stress states poorly understood. We followed the deformation evolution (stress–strain response) of natural and water-saturated sedimentary rocks through true-triaxial mechanical tests. We elucidated how water dominates the failure through mineral-structural analyses, application of the softening index (<em>SI</em>) and brittle-lubrication index (<em>BI</em>) under true-triaxial stress, and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. This study established a classification framework for water-induced rock deterioration, distinguishing Type I (clay-rich, <em>CMC</em> &gt; 30 %) and Type II (low-clay, <em>CMC</em> &lt; 30 %) evolutionary pathways governed by water-softening and −lubrication effects, respectively. Structural prominences (<em>SAC</em> &gt; 0.4) amplified these effects, as evidenced by increased <em>SI</em> and <em>BI</em>, categorizing rocks into high-risk zones: Type I₁ (<em>CMC</em> &gt; 30 %; <em>SAC</em> &gt; 0.4) with complex fracturing tendencies along strata and Type II₁ (<em>CMC</em> &lt; 30 %; <em>SAC</em> &gt; 0.4) susceptible to bedding-plane shear-slip failure governed by structural discontinuities. These hydro-mechanical synergies significantly increased the risk of casing shear failure. To address this, we propose a geologically informed mitigation strategy: localized buffer layers in high-risk zones (I₁ / II₁) paired with enhanced cementing in stable zones. The findings provide actionable insights for preempting formation slippage and resulting accidents during reservoir development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based maximum pipeline pitting corrosion depth prediction using hybrid FVIM-BNN-XGB model","authors":"Shuo Sun,&nbsp;Zhendong Cui,&nbsp;Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pronounced nonlinear characteristics of corrosion depth in buried pipelines present significant challenges to the accurate characterization capabilities of traditional experimental and statistical methods. To address this challenge, the study proposes a hybrid machine learning framework. First, a multivariate feature engineering approach is employed, integrating Pearson correlation analysis, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, and backward stepwise feature selection (BSFS) to identify critical features, with particular emphasis on environmental factors. Subsequently, a feature extractor combining a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) and XGBoost is constructed to capture residual patterns and enable model fusion, thereby significantly enhancing model performance. Furthermore, a five-fold cross-validation strategy is implemented to improve model stability and generalization, particularly under conditions of limited sample. Additionally, the Four Vector Intelligent Metaheuristic (FVIM) is used to optimize model parameters, minimizing weighted relative error and enhancing prediction reliability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model achieves substantial improvements in predicting maximum corrosion depth (<em>D_max</em>), outperforming ten existing benchmark models. This work highlights the potential of the hybrid machine learning framework in addressing highly nonlinear problems and overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, offering valuable insights for similar scientific research and practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 109603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution mechanism of tunnel instability and collapse in deep-buried marine soil-rock mixture strata","authors":"Yifan Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Pu ,&nbsp;Ruilong Wang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Fang ,&nbsp;Gongyun Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Xiao ,&nbsp;Yubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The instability and collapse mechanisms of tunnels in deep-buried marine soil-rock mixture (S-RM) strata remain poorly understood, posing significant challenges to engineering safety. This study employs a discrete element method (DEM) to establish an S-RM model, integrating ball particles and rblock blocks to simulate soil and rock, respectively. The deformation evolution, shear band formation, porosity variation, force chains, and anisotropy of S-RM under varying stress release rates are systematically investigated, with emphasis on rock content, water content, and rblock types (rubble and cobble). The results reveal that tunnel excavation reduces radial interparticle contact forces, inducing convergent squeezing deformation, while tangential forces increase, forming a soil arch dominated by horizontal force chains. Higher rock content enhances shear resistance and accelerates soil arch formation but intensifies dilatancy under high stress release, expanding collapse zones. Elevated water content increases lateral pressure coefficients, promoting earlier arch formation, yet reduces interparticle bond strength and rock anti-slip capacity, leading to premature shear failure. Cobbles, whose long axis tends to rotate in the slip direction, exhibit weaker shear resistance and lower dilatancy than rubble, thereby increasing soil arch instability. Crucially, shear band evolution and force chain fracture at side walls disrupt arch integrity, triggering progressive collapse. These micro-mechanisms elucidate the coupled effects of stress redistribution, particle interactions, and material heterogeneity on S-RM failure. Suggestions for construction control include minimizing excavation footage, implementing timely support, and reinforcing sidewalls with feet-lock bolts to stabilize soil arches. This work advances the theoretical framework for disaster mitigation in deep-buried S-RM strata, offering a DEM-based paradigm for predicting and controlling tunnel instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 109607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}