Ejc Supplements最新文献

{"title":"The influence of secreted factors and extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer metastasis","authors":"Marta Hergueta-Redondo,&nbsp;Héctor Peinado","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ovarian cancer cells mainly metastasise within the peritoneal cavity, the lethal consequence of tumour progression in this cancer type. Classically, changes in tumour cells, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, involve the down-regulatinon of E-cadherin, activation of extracellular proteases and integrin-mediated adhesion. However, our current understanding of ovarian tumour progression suggests the implication of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It has been proposed that ovarian cancer metastases are a consequence of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment by soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Characterisation of the alterations in both the tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment has emerged as a new research field to understand ovarian cancer metastasis. In this mini review, we will summarise the most recent findings, focusing our attention on the role of secreted factors and extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer metastasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA damaging agents in ovarian cancer","authors":"Maria-Pilar Barretina-Ginesta","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is very sensitive to upfront chemotherapy. This condition is attributable to defects in the DNA damage repair system. Agents that damage DNA are the main drugs used for its treatment. Many EOC cells have DNA repair deficiencies that confer susceptibility to these agents. Platinum is the most important agent for first-line and also for relapses, together with other drugs that can be given as monotherapy or along with platinum or other drugs. Lately, the emerging role of PARP inhibitors has changed the landscape of opportunities for patients with EOC. All these strategies will be reviewed in this article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hallmarks of ovarian cancer: proliferation and cell growth","authors":"Raquel López-Reig ,&nbsp;José Antonio López-Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct biological and clinical behaviour. Despite the differences between them, the capability of tumour cells to continuously proliferate and avoid death is maintained among histotypes. This ability is the result of alterations at different levels, causing the deregulation of cell cycle and proliferative-related pathways. Even if the leading role is played by RB and TP53, changes in other molecular pathways are involved in the development of EOC. This ability can be exploited to generate <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models resembling the conditions of tumour development in a patient. <em>In vivo</em> models, such as patient-derived xenografts (PDX) or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), represent a fundamental tool in the study of the molecular mechanisms implicated in each EOC biotype for testing new therapeutic approaches. Herein we describe the major proliferation-related pathways and its disruption found in EOC and how these features can be used to establish <em>in vivo</em> models for translational research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and immunity in ovarian cancer","authors":"Diego Salas-Benito ,&nbsp;Enric Vercher ,&nbsp;Enrique Conde ,&nbsp;Javier Glez-Vaz ,&nbsp;Ibon Tamayo ,&nbsp;Sandra Hervas-Stubbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The standard first-line therapy for ovarian cancer is a combination of surgery and carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Patients with longer survival and improved response to chemotherapy usually present T-cell inflamed tumours. The presence of tumour-infiltrating T cells (TILs) notably varies among the different subtypes of ovarian tumours, being highest in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, intermediate in endometrioid tumours, and lowest in low-grade serous, mucinous and clear cell tumours. Interestingly, the presence of TILs is often accompanied by a strong immunosuppressive tumour environment. A better understanding of the immune response against ovarian cancer and the tumour immune evasion mechanisms will enable improved prognostication, response prediction and immunotherapy of this disease. This article provides an overview of some ovarian cancer cell features relevant for antitumour response, such as tumour-associated antigens, including neoantigens, expression of inhibitory molecules, and other mechanisms of immune evasion. Moreover, we describe relevant immune cell types found in epithelial ovarian tumours, including T and B lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, tumour-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and neutrophils. We focus on how these components influence the burden of the tumour and the clinical outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38645342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight updating of the molecular hallmarks in ovarian carcinoma","authors":"Alba Mota PhD ,&nbsp;Sara S Oltra PhD ,&nbsp;Gema Moreno-Bueno PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><p>Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynaecologic cancer characterised by a high heterogeneity not only at the clinical point of view but also at the molecular level. This review focuses on the new insights about the OC molecular classification.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We performed a bibliographic search for different indexed articles focused on the new molecular classification of OC. All of them have been published in PubMed and included information about the most frequent molecular alterations in OC confirmed by omics approaches. In addition, we have extracted information about the role of liquid biopsy in the OC diagnosis and prognosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>New molecular insights into OC have allowed novel clinical entities to be defined. Among OC, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) which is the most common OC is characterised by omics approaches, mutations in <em>TP53</em> and in other genes involved in the homologous recombination repair, especially <em>BRCA1/2</em>. Recent studies in HGSOC have allowed a new molecular classification in subgroups according to their mutational, transcriptional, methylation and copy number variation signatures with a real impact in the characterisation of new therapeutic targets for OC to be defined. Furthermore, despite the intrinsic intra-tumour heterogeneity, the advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of ascetic liquid from OC have opened new ways for its characterisation and treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The advances in genomic approaches have been used for the identification of new molecular profiling techniques which define OC subgroups and has supposed advances in the diagnosis and in the personalised treatment of OC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hallmarks of ovarian cancer: Focus on angiogenesis and micro-environment and new models for their characterisation","authors":"V. Heredia-Soto ,&nbsp;J.A. López-Guerrero ,&nbsp;A. Redondo ,&nbsp;M. Mendiola","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancers develop by sustained growth, migration and invasion properties of tumour cells, supported by complex interactions with stromal cells within the tumour micro-environment.</p><p>This review is focused on the latest discoveries regarding the highlighted role of angiogenesis and tumour micro-environment in ovarian cancer. This cancer milieu encompasses non-cancerous cells present in the tumour or nearby, including vessel-forming cells, fibroblasts and immune cells amongst others that work in a cooperative way with cancer cells, impacting tumour behaviour. Angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and more recently immune evasion, are cancer hallmarks clearly dependent on these supporting cells. Moreover, these stromal cells are more genetically stable than tumour cells and thus represent an attractive therapeutic target. A better understanding of the stromal cells function, and their complex interplay with cancer cells, will open additional areas to target, as the tumour–host interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-angiogenic therapy for ovarian cancer","authors":"Yolanda García García,&nbsp;Maria Marín Alcalá ,&nbsp;Clara Martínez Vila","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Angiogenesis is a known hallmark in cancer and plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and invasion. Anti- angiogenic agents are active in ovarian cancer treatment either as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We review the mechanism of action, clinical activity and safety profile of the most important drugs either in the actual treatment or in current evaluation in the ovarian cancer treatment scenario (neoadjuvant, first line and relapse).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38645344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell proliferation inhibitors and apoptosis promoters","authors":"J. Alejandro Perez-Fidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer is characterised by uncontrolled proliferation and prolonged cell survival. In some cases, tumour formation is the result from aberrant activity of various cell-cycle regulators leading to chromosome instability or from alteration of the apoptosis pathway. Ovarian cancer is an entity in which cell-cycle alterations are common. P53, a key regulator of checkpoint G1, is frequently altered in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Targeting cell-cycle regulators will lead to mitotic catastrophe and cell death in these tumours. Promoting apoptosis is another target that is gaining interest in ovarian cancer.</p><p>In this review, the most relevant evidence of clinical studies in ovarian cancer with compounds targeting cell cycle or promoting apoptosis is summarised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38645343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Gender-Specific Authorship Disparities in the Pain Medicine Literature.","authors":"Jay Karri, Sergio M Navarro, Anne Duong, Tuan Tang, Alaa Abd-Elsayed","doi":"10.1136/rapm-2019-100806","DOIUrl":"10.1136/rapm-2019-100806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the readily increasing membership of the pain physician community, efforts toward correcting notable gender disparities are instrumental. The under-representation of women is particularly prevalent within leadership roles in academic medicine, thought to be driven largely by diminished research efforts. Consequently, we aimed to characterize gender differences among the highest impact pain literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 20 highest cited articles per year from 2014 to 2018 were extracted from each of seven impactful journals affiliated to the largest pain medicine societies. Collected data from each article included genders of the first and last authors, the number of citations accumulated and the journal impact factor at the time of publication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all considered literature, female authors were surprisingly not under-represented when considering the national prevalence of female pain physicians. However, more in-depth analysis found trends toward significance to suggest that female authorship was relatively diminished within more impactful and higher cited literature. When exploring gender-gender collaboration patterns, we found that male authors were favored over female counterparts with statistical significance; it must be noted that this likelihood analysis and preference toward male authors may be statistically obfuscated by the high prevalence of male authors. Nonetheless, these findings help to quantify overt, demonstrated disparity patterns. Of note, this inequity may also be fully secondary to the lower number of female pain physicians and/or those involved in research endeavors and decreased number of submissions from female physicians. Establishing gender discrimination patterns as causal factors in such disparities can be extremely challenging to determine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our analysis of authorship between genders within the context of pain medicine literature, we found trends, although non-significant, toward women being lesser represented in the more impactful literature. We suggest that these inequities are possibly resultant of a markedly small and outnumbered female pain physician membership that has yet to achieve a critical mass and possible implicit gender biases that may restrict female authorship. However, further exploration and analysis of this issue are necessary to more clearly illuminate which systemic deficits exist and how they may, in turn, be corrected with cultural and macroscopic organizational-driven change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78464882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urothelial carcinoma management in elderly or unfit patients","authors":"Joaquim Bellmunt ,&nbsp;Nicolas Mottet ,&nbsp;Maria De Santis","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2016.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcsup.2016.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11675,"journal":{"name":"Ejc Supplements","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2016.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34623439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}