EFSA Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Pediococcus acidilactici NCIMB 30005 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Microferm ltd.)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Montserrat Anguita,&nbsp;Nicole Bozzi Cionci,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Matteo L. Innocenti,&nbsp;Joana Revez","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9146","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of the authorisation of a preparation of <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> NCIMB 30005 as technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh material for all animal species. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. There was no new evidence that would lead the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) to reconsider its previous conclusions for all animal species, consumers and the environment, for which the additive is considered to remain safe. Regarding the user safety, the Panel concluded that the additive should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser, and any exposure through the skin and respiratory tract is considered a risk. In the absence of data, no conclusion could be drawn on the eye irritation potential of the additive. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of renewal of the authorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian influenza annual report 2023","authors":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),&nbsp;José Cortiñas Abrahantes,&nbsp;Inma Aznar,&nbsp;Iancu Catalin,&nbsp;Lisa Kohnle,&nbsp;Kenneth Fergus Mulligan,&nbsp;Lina Mur,&nbsp;Anca Stoicescu,&nbsp;Aniek van Houtum,&nbsp;Gabriele Zancanaro","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9197","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All European Union (EU) Member States (MSs), along with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland), conduct surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA, upon mandate of the European Commission, compiles and analyses this data in an annual report. This summary highlights findings from the 2023 surveillance activities. In 2023, 31 reporting countries (RCs) visited 21,183 <b>poultry</b> establishments (PEs). Of these, 18,557 underwent serological investigations, 2460 underwent virological investigations and 166 underwent both. Among the 18,723 PEs sampled for serological testing, 29 PEs (0.15%) were seropositive for influenza A(H5/H7) viruses, more in detail: 27 PEs tested positive for A(H5), 1 tested positive for A(H7) and 1 tested positive for both strains. These were found in eight RCs (Bulgaria, Poland, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Finland). Of the 2626 PEs sampled for virological testing, 180 PEs (6.85%) were positive for influenza A(H5/H7) viruses. More precisely, 178 tested positive for A(H5), of which 161 positive for HPAI (H5N1) and 2 tested positive for A(H7). Positive PEs were reported by 12 RCs covering 14 different poultry categories. A total of 51,411 <b>wild birds</b> were sampled, with 6717 (13.07%) testing positive for HPAIVs by PCR from 25 RCs. Subtype A(H5N1) was the main influenza A virus identified (6531; 97%), similar to 2022. Twenty RCs reported 1940 wild birds testing positive for LPAI or AIV of unknown pathogenicity. For these, 1372 (67.5%) were nor A(H5) or A(H7), while 568 (29.3%) tested positive for A(H5). These findings reflect the ongoing efforts in early detection and monitoring of avian influenza to mitigate the risk of outbreaks in poultry populations throughout Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of oil from Schizochytrium limacinum (strain ATCC-20889) for use in infant and follow-on formula as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283","authors":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA),&nbsp;Dominique Turck,&nbsp;Torsten Bohn,&nbsp;Montaña Cámara,&nbsp;Jacqueline Castenmiller,&nbsp;Stefaan De Henauw,&nbsp;Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst,&nbsp;Ángeles Jos,&nbsp;Alexandre Maciuk,&nbsp;Inge Mangelsdorf,&nbsp;Breige McNulty,&nbsp;Androniki Naska,&nbsp;Kristina Pentieva,&nbsp;Alfonso Siani,&nbsp;Frank Thies,&nbsp;Margarita Aguilera-Gómez,&nbsp;Francesco Cubadda,&nbsp;Thomas Frenzel,&nbsp;Marina Heinonen,&nbsp;Helle Katrine Knutsen,&nbsp;Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold,&nbsp;Morten Poulsen,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto Maradona,&nbsp;Josef Rudolf Schlatter,&nbsp;Alexandros Siskos,&nbsp;Henk van Loveren,&nbsp;Irene Nuin Garciarena,&nbsp;Emanuela Turla,&nbsp;Harry J. McArdle","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9156","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of an oil derived from the microalga <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp. (strain ATCC-20889) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is a mixture of triglycerides in which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) represents 40%–43% of fatty acids. The available evidence indicates that the source organism (strain ATCC-20889) belongs to the species <i>Schizochytrium limacinum</i>. The applicant intends to market the NF as an ingredient in infant formulae (IF) and follow-on formulae (FOF). The use levels proposed by the applicant were derived from Regulation (EU) 2016/127, which states the mandatory presence of DHA to IF and FOF at the levels of 20–50 mg/100 kcal. <i>Schizochytrium limacinum</i> was attributed the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) status with the qualification ‘for production purposes only’. Data provided by the applicant demonstrated the absence of viable cells in the NF. No toxicological studies were performed with the NF. However, based on the available toxicological data on oils derived from <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp., the QPS status of the source of the NF, the production process, the composition of the NF, the absence of marine biotoxins and viable cells in the NF, the Panel considers that there are no concerns with regard to the toxicity of the NF. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional safety and suitability of a specific protein hydrolysate manufactured by Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd derived from a whey protein concentrate and used in infant formula and follow-on formula","authors":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA),&nbsp;Torsten Bohn,&nbsp;Montaña Cámara,&nbsp;Jacqueline Castenmiller,&nbsp;Stefaan de Henauw,&nbsp;Karen-Ildico Hirsch-Ernst,&nbsp;Angeles Jos,&nbsp;Alexandre Maciuk,&nbsp;Inge Mangelsdorf,&nbsp;Breige McNulty,&nbsp;Androniki Naska,&nbsp;Kristina Pentieva,&nbsp;Alfonso Siani,&nbsp;Frank Thies,&nbsp;Laurence Castle,&nbsp;Mary Fewtrell,&nbsp;Hildegard Przyrembel,&nbsp;Ariane Titz,&nbsp;Dominique Turck","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9160","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Commission asked EFSA to deliver an opinion on the nutritional safety and suitability for use in infant and follow-on formula of a specific protein hydrolysate from whey protein concentrate manufactured by Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd. Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd. submitted a dossier to the European Commission to request an amendment of Regulation (EU) 2016/127 with respect to the protein sources that may be used in the manufacture of infant and/or follow-on formula. The protein hydrolysate under evaluation is sufficiently characterised with respect to the hydrolysed protein. In the pertinent intervention study provided, an infant formula manufactured from the protein hydrolysate with a protein content of 2.0 g/100 kcal and consumed as the sole source of nutrition by infants for 3 months led to a growth similar to a formula manufactured from intact cow's milk with the same protein content. Data on gastrointestinal tolerance of the formula did not raise any concerns. No experimental data have been provided on the nutritional safety and suitability of this protein source in follow-on formula. Given that follow-on formula is consumed with complementary foods and the protein source is nutritionally safe and suitable in an infant formula that is the sole source of nutrition of young infants, the Panel considers that the protein hydrolysate is also a nutritionally safe and suitable protein source for use in follow-on formula. The Panel concludes that the protein hydrolysate under evaluation is a nutritionally safe and suitable protein source for use in infant and follow-on formula, as long as the formula in which it is used contains a minimum of 2.0 g/100 kcal protein and complies with the compositional criteria of Regulation (EU) 2016/127 and the amino acid pattern in its Annex IIIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of chromium propionate (KemTRACE™ chromium) for all growing poultry species (KEMIN EUROPA N.V)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori,&nbsp;Jordi Ortuño,&nbsp;Fabiola Pizzo,&nbsp;Jordi Tarrés-Call","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9148","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of chromium propionate as zootechnical feed additive for all growing poultry species. The safety and efficacy of chromium propionate has been assessed previously in 2021 by the Panel and it was concluded that the additive is considered safe for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying/breeding at the proposed use level 0.2–0.4 mg Cr/kg complete feed, but the conclusion was not extrapolated to other growing species. During that assessment, the EU Reference Laboratory for feed additives (EURL) was not in a position to recommend the method for official control for the quantification of the organic chromium content in premixtures and feedingstuffs. The applicant subsequently proposed a new method of analyses, incorporating a tracer in the composition of a premixture, which has been evaluated by EURL and recommended as official method for the quantification of the organic chromium content in premixtures and feedingstuffs. The safety of the use of the microtracer has been assessed in 2024. The Panel considered that the use of the microtracer as proposed in the conditions of use would not introduce safety concerns for the target animals, the consumers and terrestrial environmental compartment, but no conclusion could be made for the groundwater. The microtracer should be considered a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. In the current assessment, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for turkeys for fattening at the maximum proposed supplementation level of 0.4 mg Cr/kg feed, but a margin of safety cannot be established. This conclusion can be extended to turkeys reared for reproduction, but cannot be extrapolated to other growing poultry species. The use of the additive according to the proposed conditions of use causes no concern for consumer safety. The conclusions made previously for user safety remain the same: the additive does not present a risk by inhalation, the additive is irritant to the eyes, not irritant to the skin and is not a skin sensitiser. The use of the additive is considered safe for the environment. The previous conclusion on efficacy remains valid.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the existing maximum residue level for acequinocyl in strawberries","authors":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),&nbsp;Giulia Bellisai,&nbsp;Giovanni Bernasconi,&nbsp;Luis Carrasco Cabrera,&nbsp;Irene Castellan,&nbsp;Monica del Aguila,&nbsp;Lucien Ferreira,&nbsp;Luna Greco,&nbsp;Samira Jarrah,&nbsp;Renata Leuschner,&nbsp;Andrea Mioč,&nbsp;Stefanie Nave,&nbsp;Hermine Reich,&nbsp;Silvia Ruocco,&nbsp;Alessia Pia Scarlato,&nbsp;Andrea Simonati,&nbsp;Marta Szot,&nbsp;Anne Theobald,&nbsp;Manuela Tiramani,&nbsp;Alessia Verani,&nbsp;Elena Zioga","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9207","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Agro-Kanesho Kabushiki Kaisha submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance acequinocyl in strawberries. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for strawberries based on the indoor GAP. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of acequinocyl in strawberries at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of acequinocyl according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance spinosad","authors":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),&nbsp;Fernando Álvarez,&nbsp;Maria Arena,&nbsp;Domenica Auteri,&nbsp;Sofia Batista Leite,&nbsp;Marco Binaglia,&nbsp;Anna Federica Castoldi,&nbsp;Arianna Chiusolo,&nbsp;Angelo Colagiorgi,&nbsp;Mathilde Colas,&nbsp;Federica Crivellente,&nbsp;Chloe De Lentdecker,&nbsp;Isabella De Magistris,&nbsp;Mark Egsmose,&nbsp;Gabriella Fait,&nbsp;Franco Ferilli,&nbsp;Monica Fittipaldi Broussarad,&nbsp;German Giner Santonja,&nbsp;Varvara Gouliarmou,&nbsp;Katrin Halling,&nbsp;Alessio Ippolito,&nbsp;Frederique Istace,&nbsp;Samira Jarrah,&nbsp;Dimitra Kardassi,&nbsp;Aude Kienzler,&nbsp;Anna Lanzoni,&nbsp;Roberto Lava,&nbsp;Renata Leuschner,&nbsp;Alberto Linguadoca,&nbsp;Jochem Louisse,&nbsp;Christopher Lythgo,&nbsp;Oriol Magrans,&nbsp;Iris Mangas,&nbsp;Andrea Mioč,&nbsp;Ileana Miron,&nbsp;Tunde Molnar,&nbsp;Laura Padovani,&nbsp;Vincenzo Padricello,&nbsp;Martina Panzarea,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Parra Morte,&nbsp;Alexandra Piti,&nbsp;Simone Rizzuto,&nbsp;Agnès Rortais,&nbsp;Miguel Santos,&nbsp;Rositsa Serafimova,&nbsp;Rachel Sharp,&nbsp;Csaba Szentes,&nbsp;Andrea Terron,&nbsp;Anne Theobald,&nbsp;Manuela Tiramani,&nbsp;Giorgia Vianello,&nbsp;Laura Villamar-Bouza","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9193","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, and co-rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance spinosad and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of spinosad as insecticide on bulb/dry onions, maize (fodder and grain), sweet corn, grapes (table and wine), lettuce, potato, aubergine, pepper and tomato. MRLs were assessed in field leek and field and greenhouse strawberries, cane fruits, lettuce &amp; plants salad (others), spinach and similar leaves (others), herbs and edible flowers (others), cardoons, rhubarb and animal commodities. The conclusions from 2018 were updated in 2024 following the request from the European Commission with regard to the endocrine-disrupting properties. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the proposed MRLs, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 21: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2024","authors":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ),&nbsp;Ana Allende,&nbsp;Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez,&nbsp;Valeria Bortolaia,&nbsp;Sara Bover-Cid,&nbsp;Alessandra De Cesare,&nbsp;Wietske Dohmen,&nbsp;Laurent Guillier,&nbsp;Liesbeth Jacxsens,&nbsp;Maarten Nauta,&nbsp;Lapo Mughini-Gras,&nbsp;Jakob Ottoson,&nbsp;Luisa Peixe,&nbsp;Fernando Perez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Panagiotis Skandamis,&nbsp;Elisabetta Suffredini,&nbsp;Marianne Chemaly,&nbsp;Pier Sandro Cocconcelli,&nbsp;Pablo Salvador Fernández Escámez,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto Maradona,&nbsp;Amparo Querol,&nbsp;Lolke Sijtsma,&nbsp;Juan Evaristo Suarez,&nbsp;Ingvar Sundh,&nbsp;Angela Botteon,&nbsp;Barizzone Fulvio,&nbsp;Sandra Correia,&nbsp;Lieve Herman","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9169","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed chains. In the period covered by this Statement, no new information was found that would change the status of previously recommended QPS taxonomic units (TUs). The TUs in the QPS list were updated based on a verification, against their respective authoritative databases, of the correctness of the names and completeness of synonyms. Of 54 microorganisms notified to EFSA between April and September 2024 (33 as feed additives, 17 as food enzymes or additives, 4 as novel foods), 50 were not evaluated because: 12 were filamentous fungi, 1 was <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and 8 were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (all excluded from the QPS evaluation), and 29 were TUs that already have a QPS status. One notification (<i>Ensifer adhaerens</i>) was already evaluated in a previous Panel Statement. Another notification (<i>Enterococcus lactis</i>) was already evaluated in the previous 3-year QPS cycle and was reassessed within this document. Two TUs were notified for the first time and were assessed for a possible QPS status: <i>Serratia plymuthica</i> and <i>Lacticaseibacillus huelsenbergensis</i>. <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and <i>Bacillus nakamurai</i> have been assessed for a possible QPS status in response to internal requests. The following was concluded on the five assessed TUs. <i>L. huelsenbergensis</i> can be granted the QPS status based on its close relatedness to several other QPS <i>Lacticaseibacillus</i> species. <i>E. lactis</i> is not recommended for the QPS status due to insufficient information on safety. <i>S. plymuthica</i> and <i>B. thuringiensis</i> are not recommended for the QPS status due to safety concerns. <i>B. nakamurai</i> cannot be recommended for the QPS list due to a lack of body of knowledge for its use in the food and feed chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of frozen and dried forms of whole yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283","authors":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA),&nbsp;Dominique Turck,&nbsp;Torsten Bohn,&nbsp;Montaña Cámara,&nbsp;Jacqueline Castenmiller,&nbsp;Stefaan De Henauw,&nbsp;Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst,&nbsp;Ángeles Jos,&nbsp;Alexandre Maciuk,&nbsp;Inge Mangelsdorf,&nbsp;Breige McNulty,&nbsp;Androniki Naska,&nbsp;Kristina Pentieva,&nbsp;Alfonso Siani,&nbsp;Frank Thies,&nbsp;Margarita Aguilera-Gómez,&nbsp;Francesco Cubadda,&nbsp;Thomas Frenzel,&nbsp;Marina Heinonen,&nbsp;Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold,&nbsp;Helle Katrine Knutsen,&nbsp;Morten Poulsen,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto Maradona,&nbsp;Josef Rudolf Schlatter,&nbsp;Alexandros Siskos,&nbsp;Henk van Loveren,&nbsp;Gabriela Precup,&nbsp;Ermolaos Ververis,&nbsp;Harry J. McArdle","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9155","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of frozen, dried and powder forms of whole yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larva) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The term yellow mealworm refers to the larval form of the insect species <i>T. molitor</i>. The NF consists of the frozen and dried forms of the whole yellow mealworm. The frozen form mainly consists of water, crude protein, carbohydrates and fat, whereas the dried forms consist of crude protein, fat and carbohydrates. The Panel notes that the levels of contaminants in the NF highly depend on the occurrence levels of these substances in the insect feed. The Panel notes that there are no safety concerns regarding the stability of the NF if the NF complies with the proposed specification limits during its entire shelf life. The NF has a protein content that ranges between 13 and 48 g/100 g. The Panel acknowledges that the true protein content is overestimated when using the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 6.25 due to the presence of non-protein nitrogen from chitin. The applicant proposed to use the NF as food ingredient in various food products. The target population proposed by the applicant is the general population. Considering the composition of the NF and the proposed conditions of use, the consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. The Panel notes that no safety concerns arise from the toxicological information of the NF. The Panel considers that the consumption of the NF might trigger primary sensitisation to yellow mealworm proteins and may cause allergic reactions in subjects allergic to crustaceans, dust mites and molluscs. Additionally, allergens from the feed may end up in the NF. The Panel notes that allergic reactions may occur upon consumption. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed uses and use levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commodity risk assessment of Alnus cordata, Alnus glutinosa and Alnus incana plants from the UK","authors":"EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH),&nbsp;Antonio Vicent Civera,&nbsp;Paula Baptista,&nbsp;Anna Berlin,&nbsp;Elisavet Chatzivassiliou,&nbsp;Jaime Cubero,&nbsp;Nik Cunniffe,&nbsp;Eduardo de la Peña,&nbsp;Nicolas Desneux,&nbsp;Francesco Di Serio,&nbsp;Anna Filipiak,&nbsp;Paolo Gonthier,&nbsp;Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska,&nbsp;Hervé Jactel,&nbsp;Blanca B. Landa,&nbsp;Lara Maistrello,&nbsp;David Makowski,&nbsp;Panagiotis Milonas,&nbsp;Nikos T. Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Hanna Susi,&nbsp;Dirk Jan van der Gaag,&nbsp;Jane Debode,&nbsp;Charles Manceau,&nbsp;Christer Sven Magnusson,&nbsp;Juan A. Navas-Cortes,&nbsp;Christos Kritikos,&nbsp;Maria Kormpi,&nbsp;Dimitrios Papachristos,&nbsp;Chrysavgi Reppa,&nbsp;Olaf Mosbach Schulz,&nbsp;Ciro Gardi,&nbsp;Chiara Civitelli,&nbsp;Monia Federica Lombardo,&nbsp;Antigoni Akrivou,&nbsp;Spyridon Antonatos,&nbsp;Despoina Beris,&nbsp;Roel Potting","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9189","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as ‘high-risk plants, plant products and other objects’. Taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the applicant country, this Scientific Opinion covers the plant health risks posed by the following commodities: <i>Alnus cordata</i>, <i>A. glutinosa</i> and <i>A. incana</i> graftwood, bare-root plants and rooted plants in pots up to 7 years old imported into the EU from the UK. A list of pests potentially associated with the commodities was compiled. The relevance of each pest was assessed based on evidence following defined criteria. Two EU-quarantine pests (<i>Entoleuca mammata, Phytophthora ramorum</i> (non-EU isolates)) and one non-quarantine pest (<i>Phytophthora siskiyouensis</i>) were selected for further evaluation. For the selected pests, the risk mitigation measures implemented in the UK and specified in the technical dossier were evaluated taking into account the factors reducing their efficacy. For these pests, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The degree of pest freedom varies between the pests evaluated, with <i>E. mammata</i> being the pest most frequently expected on imported <i>Alnus</i> spp. small trees. Expert knowledge elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9927 and 10,000 per 10,000 <i>Alnus</i> spp. small trees (bare-root plants or rooted plants in pots up to 7 years old) would be free from <i>E. mammata.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}