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ORPP—An Ontology for Skill-Based Robotic Process Planning in Agile Manufacturing ORPP--敏捷制造中基于技能的机器人流程规划本体论
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183666
Congyu Zhang Sprenger, Juan Antonio Corrales Ramón, Norman Urs Baier
{"title":"ORPP—An Ontology for Skill-Based Robotic Process Planning in Agile Manufacturing","authors":"Congyu Zhang Sprenger, Juan Antonio Corrales Ramón, Norman Urs Baier","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183666","url":null,"abstract":"Ontology plays a significant role in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics by providing structured data, reasoning, action understanding, context awareness, knowledge transfer, and semantic learning. The structured framework created by the ontology for knowledge representation is crucial for enabling intelligent behavior in robots. This paper provides a state-of-the-art analysis on the existing ontology approaches and at the same time consolidates the terms in the robotic task planning domain. The major gap identified in the literature is the need to bridge higher-level robotic process management and lower-level robotic control. This gap makes it difficult for operators/non-robotic experts to integrate robots into their production processes as well as evaluate key performance indicators (KPI) of the processes. To fill the gap, the authors propose an ontology for skill-based robotics process planning (ORPP). ORPP not only provides a standardization in the robotic process planning in the agile manufacturing domain but also enables non-robotic experts to design and plan their production processes using an intuitive Process-Task-Skill-Primitive structure to control low-level robotic actions. On the performance level, this structure provides traceability of the KPIs down to the robot control level.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Envelope- and Machine Learning-Based Electrical Fault Type Detection Algorithms for Electrical Distribution Grids 评估基于包络和机器学习的配电网电气故障类型检测算法
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183663
Ozgur Alaca, Emilio Carlos Piesciorovsky, Ali Riza Ekti, Nils Stenvig, Yonghao Gui, Mohammed Mohsen Olama, Narayan Bhusal, Ajay Yadav
{"title":"Assessment of Envelope- and Machine Learning-Based Electrical Fault Type Detection Algorithms for Electrical Distribution Grids","authors":"Ozgur Alaca, Emilio Carlos Piesciorovsky, Ali Riza Ekti, Nils Stenvig, Yonghao Gui, Mohammed Mohsen Olama, Narayan Bhusal, Ajay Yadav","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183663","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces envelope- and machine learning (ML)-based electrical fault type detection algorithms for electrical distribution grids, advancing beyond traditional logic-based methods. The proposed detection model involves three stages: anomaly area detection, ML-based fault presence detection, and ML-based fault type detection. Initially, an envelope-based detector identifying the anomaly region was improved to handle noisier power grid signals from meters. The second stage acts as a switch, detecting the presence of a fault among four classes: normal, motor, switching, and fault. Finally, if a fault is detected, the third stage identifies specific fault types. This study explored various feature extraction methods and evaluated different ML algorithms to maximize prediction accuracy. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested in an emulated software–hardware electrical grid testbed using different sample rate meters/relays, such as SEL735, SEL421, SEL734, SEL700GT, and SEL351S near and far from an inverter-based photovoltaic array farm. The performance outcomes demonstrate the proposed model’s robustness and accuracy under realistic conditions.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-Feature Extraction and Selection Method to Diagnose Burn Depth from Burn Images 从烧伤图像诊断烧伤深度的多特征提取和选择方法
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183665
Xizhe Zhang, Qi Zhang, Peixian Li, Jie You, Jingzhang Sun, Jianhang Zhou
{"title":"Multi-Feature Extraction and Selection Method to Diagnose Burn Depth from Burn Images","authors":"Xizhe Zhang, Qi Zhang, Peixian Li, Jie You, Jingzhang Sun, Jianhang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183665","url":null,"abstract":"Burn wound depth is a significant determinant of patient treatment. Typically, the evaluation of burn depth relies heavily on the clinical experience of doctors. Even experienced surgeons may not achieve high accuracy and speed in diagnosing burn depth. Thus, intelligent burn depth classification is useful and valuable. Here, an intelligent classification method for burn depth based on machine learning techniques is proposed. In particular, this method involves extracting color, texture, and depth features from images, and sequentially cascading these features. Then, an iterative selection method based on random forest feature importance measure is applied. The selected features are input into the random forest classifier to evaluate this proposed method using the standard burn dataset. This method classifies burn images, achieving an accuracy of 91.76% when classified into two categories and 80.74% when classified into three categories. The comprehensive experimental results indicate that this proposed method is capable of learning effective features from limited data samples and identifying burn depth effectively.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on Gate Charge Degradation of Multi-Chip IGBT Modules in Power Supply for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 无人机电源中多芯片 IGBT 模块的栅极电荷衰减研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183664
Yuheng Li, Zhiquan Zhou, Jinlong Wang, Lina Wang, Chenxu Wang
{"title":"Research on Gate Charge Degradation of Multi-Chip IGBT Modules in Power Supply for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Yuheng Li, Zhiquan Zhou, Jinlong Wang, Lina Wang, Chenxu Wang","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183664","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the burgeoning application of high voltage in various industrial sectors, the deployment of unmanned equipment, such as industrial heavy-load Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), incorporating high-capacity Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), has become increasingly prevalent. The demand for high-voltage IGBT modules in UAV is continuously growing; therefore, exploring methods to predict fault precursor parameters of multi-chip IGBT modules is crucial for the operational health management of unmanned equipment like UAVs. This paper analyzes the gate charge degradation in multi-chip IGBT modules after thermal cycling, which can be used to evaluate the operational state of these modules. Furthermore, to delve into the electrical response of a gate drive circuit caused by local damage within the IGBT module, an RLC model incorporating parasitic parameters of the gate drive circuit is established, and a sensitivity analysis of the peak current in the gate charge circuit is provided. Additionally, in the experimental circuit, an open sample of an IGBT module with partial bond wires lifted off is used to simulate actual faults. The analysis and experimental results indicate that the peak current of the gate charge is closely related to L and C. The significant deviation in the gate current, influenced by the partial bond wires lift-off, can provide a basis for the development of predictive methods for IGBT modules.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Improved Retinex-Based Approach Based on Attention Mechanisms for Low-Light Image Enhancement 基于注意力机制的改进型 Retinex 低照度图像增强方法
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183645
Shan Jiang, Yingshan Shi, Yingchun Zhang, Yulin Zhang
{"title":"An Improved Retinex-Based Approach Based on Attention Mechanisms for Low-Light Image Enhancement","authors":"Shan Jiang, Yingshan Shi, Yingchun Zhang, Yulin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183645","url":null,"abstract":"Captured images often suffer from issues like color distortion, detail loss, and significant noise. Therefore, it is necessary to improve image quality for reliable threat detection. Balancing brightness enhancement with the preservation of natural colors and details is particularly challenging in low-light image enhancement. To address these issues, this paper proposes an unsupervised low-light image enhancement approach using a U-net neural network with Retinex theory and a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). This method leverages Retinex-based decomposition to separate and enhance the reflectance map, ensuring visibility and contrast without introducing artifacts. A local adaptive enhancement function improves the brightness of the reflection map, while the designed loss function addresses illumination smoothness, brightness enhancement, color restoration, and denoising. Experiments validate the effectiveness of our method, revealing improved image brightness, reduced color deviation, and superior color restoration compared to leading approaches.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Blockchain-Assisted Secure Energy Trading in Electricity Markets: A Tiny Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Stackelberg Game Approach 电力市场中的区块链辅助安全能源交易:基于微小深度强化学习的堆栈博弈方法
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183647
Yong Xiao, Xiaoming Lin, Yiyong Lei, Yanzhang Gu, Jianlin Tang, Fan Zhang, Bin Qian
{"title":"Blockchain-Assisted Secure Energy Trading in Electricity Markets: A Tiny Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Stackelberg Game Approach","authors":"Yong Xiao, Xiaoming Lin, Yiyong Lei, Yanzhang Gu, Jianlin Tang, Fan Zhang, Bin Qian","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183647","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity markets are intricate systems that facilitate efficient energy exchange within interconnected grids. With the rise of low-carbon transportation driven by environmental policies and tech advancements, energy trading has become crucial. This trend towards Electric Vehicles (EVs) is bolstered by the pivotal role played by EV charging operators in providing essential charging infrastructure and services for widespread EV adoption. This paper introduces a blockchain-assisted secure electricity trading framework between EV charging operators and the electricity market with renewable energy sources. We propose a single-leader, multi-follower Stackelberg game between the electricity market and EV charging operators. In the two-stage Stackelberg game, the electricity market acts as the leader, deciding the price of electric energy. The EV charging aggregator leverages blockchain technology to record and verify energy trading transactions securely. The EV charging operators, acting as followers, then decide their demand for electric energy based on the set price. To find the Stackelberg equilibrium, we employ a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm that tackles non-stationary challenges through policy, action space, and reward function formulation. To optimize efficiency, we propose the integration of pruning techniques into DRL, referred to as Tiny DRL. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed schemes outperform traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Development of Embroidered Reconfigurable Dipole Antennas: A Textile Approach to Mechanical Reconfiguration 关于开发绣花可重构偶极天线:机械重构的纺织方法
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183649
Sofia Bakogianni, Aris Tsolis, Chrysanthi Angelaki, Antonis A. Alexandridis
{"title":"On the Development of Embroidered Reconfigurable Dipole Antennas: A Textile Approach to Mechanical Reconfiguration","authors":"Sofia Bakogianni, Aris Tsolis, Chrysanthi Angelaki, Antonis A. Alexandridis","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183649","url":null,"abstract":"A design framework for developing full-textile reconfigurable dipole antennas is proposed for wearable applications. To this end, a precise embroidery process using conductive threads is applied to properly manage the antenna structure. Further, mechanical reconfiguration to enhance antenna operation by using solely clothing components is outlined. As a proof-of-concept, we present a full-textile embroidered dipole antenna with mechanical frequency reconfiguration. Specifically, reconfiguration is achieved by folding the dipole arms through a triangular formation. Conductive Velcro strips are employed to guide the necessary dipole arrangement. As shown, the proposed design methodology enables frequency tunability that ranges from 780 to 1330 MHz for UHF and L bands, with satisfactory radiation performance. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement, in terms of achieving similar frequency reconfiguration concept, as predicted by the electromagnetic simulation models.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient Lossy Compression of Video Sequences of Automotive High-Dynamic Range Image Sensors for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles 高效有损压缩汽车高动态范围图像传感器视频序列,用于高级驾驶辅助系统和自动驾驶汽车
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183651
Paweł Pawłowski, Karol Piniarski
{"title":"Efficient Lossy Compression of Video Sequences of Automotive High-Dynamic Range Image Sensors for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Paweł Pawłowski, Karol Piniarski","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183651","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce an efficient lossy coding procedure specifically tailored for handling video sequences of automotive high-dynamic range (HDR) image sensors in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs) for autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, mainly for security reasons, lossless compression is used in the automotive industry. However, it offers very low compression rates. To obtain higher compression rates, we suggest using lossy codecs, especially when testing image processing algorithms in software in-the-loop (SiL) or hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) conditions. Our approach leverages the high-quality VP9 codec, operating in two distinct modes: grayscale image compression for automatic image analysis and color (in RGB format) image compression for manual analysis. In both modes, images are acquired from the automotive-specific RCCC (red, clear, clear, clear) image sensor. The codec is designed to achieve a controlled image quality and state-of-the-art compression ratios while maintaining real-time feasibility. In automotive applications, the inherent data loss poses challenges associated with lossy codecs, particularly in rapidly changing scenes with intricate details. To address this, we propose configuring the lossy codecs in variable bitrate (VBR) mode with a constrained quality (CQ) parameter. By adjusting the quantization parameter, users can tailor the codec behavior to their specific application requirements. In this context, a detailed analysis of the quality of lossy compressed images in terms of the structural similarity index metric (SSIM) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metrics is presented. With this analysis, we extracted some codec parameters, which have an important impact on preservation of video quality and compression ratio. The proposed compression settings are very efficient: the compression ratios vary from 51 to 7765 for grayscale image mode and from 4.51 to 602.6 for RGB image mode, depending on the specified output image quality settings. We reached 129 frames per second (fps) for compression and 315 fps for decompression in grayscale mode and 102 fps for compression and 121 fps for decompression in the RGB mode. These make it possible to achieve a much higher compression ratio compared to lossless compression while maintaining control over image quality.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support System for Sustainable Urban Mobility 基于人工智能的可持续城市交通决策支持系统
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183655
Miljana Shulajkovska, Maj Smerkol, Gjorgji Noveski, Marko Bohanec, Matjaž Gams
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support System for Sustainable Urban Mobility","authors":"Miljana Shulajkovska, Maj Smerkol, Gjorgji Noveski, Marko Bohanec, Matjaž Gams","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183655","url":null,"abstract":"As urban populations rise globally, cities face increasing challenges in managing urban mobility. This paper addresses the question of identifying which modifications to introduce regarding city mobility by evaluating potential solutions using city-specific, subjective multi-objective criteria. The innovative AI-based recommendation engine assists city planners and policymakers in prioritizing key urban mobility aspects for effective policy proposals. By leveraging multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and ±1/2 analysis, this engine provides a structured approach to systematically and simultaneously navigate the complexities of urban mobility planning. The proposed approach aims to provide an open-source interoperable prototype for all smart cities to utilize such recommendation systems routinely, fostering efficient, sustainable, and forward-thinking urban mobility strategies. Case studies from four European cities—Helsinki (tunnel traffic), Amsterdam (bicycle traffic for a new city quarter), Messina (adding another bus line), and Bilbao (optimal timing for closing the city center)—highlight the engine’s transformative potential in shaping urban mobility policies. Ultimately, this contributes to more livable and resilient urban environments, based on advanced urban mobility management.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collaborative Channel Perception of UAV Data Link Network Based on Data Fusion 基于数据融合的无人机数据链路网络协同信道感知
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术
Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183643
Zhiyong Zhao, Zhongyang Mao, Zhilin Zhang, Yaozong Pan, Jianwu Xu
{"title":"Collaborative Channel Perception of UAV Data Link Network Based on Data Fusion","authors":"Zhiyong Zhao, Zhongyang Mao, Zhilin Zhang, Yaozong Pan, Jianwu Xu","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183643","url":null,"abstract":"The existing collaborative channel perception suffers from unreasonable data fusion weight allocation, which mismatches the channel perception capability of the node devices. This often leads to significant deviations between the channel perception results and the actual channel state. To solve this issue, this paper integrates the data fusion algorithm from evidence fusion theory with data link channel state perception. It applies the data fusion advantages of evidence fusion theory to evaluate the traffic pulse statistical capability of network node devices. Specifically, the typical characteristic parameters describing the channel perception capability of node devices are regarded as evidence parameter sets under the recognition framework. By calculating the credibility and falsity of the characteristic parameters, the differences and conflicts between nodes are measured to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the traffic pulse statistical capabilities of node devices. Based on this evaluation, the geometric mean method is adopted to calculate channel state perception weights for each node within a single-hop range, and a weight allocation strategy is formulated to improve the accuracy of channel state perception.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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