IF 2.6 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.3390/electronics15030574

John M Johnston, Edward Perkins, Pierre D Glynn, Katherine von Stackelberg, Bruce K Hope, Matthew C Harwell

{"title":"Interoperability to Improve Science-Based Decision Making: Adapting a Risk Analysis Framework to Improve Translational Environmental Health Science.","authors":"John M Johnston, Edward Perkins, Pierre D Glynn, Katherine von Stackelberg, Bruce K Hope, Matthew C Harwell","doi":"10.3390/electronics15030574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15030574","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of human and ecological health has become more challenging because of the myriad of human and climate stressors, and the sustainability of our social, economic, and environmental systems would be enhanced by further defensible risk assessment. There are scientific, technological, and cultural challenges to interoperability, bridging the necessary disciplines and integrating data from the genome to globe. Interoperability makes possible the use and reuse of data and modeling approaches and is a contemporary and rapidly progressing area advancing toxicology and exposure science. We present a coherent vision of human and ecological risk assessment, including the types of information and modeling science to create knowledge and apply it for improved decision-making. We focus on science-based decision-making, emphasizing decisions where science is the primary or sole driver, as in human toxicology and ecological risk assessment. This contrasts with decision-making where science has a minor role, if at all, in weighing decision options. We also examine the barriers that exist in the creation and application of systems thinking. We identify: the (1) needs and challenges for the application of a systems approach to informing decisions; (2) case studies that illustrate informatics needs for 21st-century science-based decision-making; and (3) recommendations on how to progress towards a systems approach to informing decisions.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"15 3","pages":"574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Markov Chain Replacement Strategy for Surrogate Identifiers: Minimizing Re-Identification Risk While Preserving Text Reuse. 代理标识符的马尔可夫链替换策略：在保持文本重用的同时最小化重新识别风险。

IF 2.6 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14193945

John D Osborne, Andrew Trotter, Tobias O'Leary, Chris Coffee, Micah D Cochran, Luis Mansilla-Gonzalez, Akhil Nadimpalli, Alex McAnnally, Abdulateef I Almudaifer, Jeffrey R Curtis, Salma M Aly, Richard E Kennedy

{"title":"A Markov Chain Replacement Strategy for Surrogate Identifiers: Minimizing Re-Identification Risk While Preserving Text Reuse.","authors":"John D Osborne, Andrew Trotter, Tobias O'Leary, Chris Coffee, Micah D Cochran, Luis Mansilla-Gonzalez, Akhil Nadimpalli, Alex McAnnally, Abdulateef I Almudaifer, Jeffrey R Curtis, Salma M Aly, Richard E Kennedy","doi":"10.3390/electronics14193945","DOIUrl":"10.3390/electronics14193945","url":null,"abstract":"\"Hiding in Plain Sight\" (HIPS) strategies for Personal Health Information (PHI) replace PHI with surrogate values to hinder re-identification attempts. We evaluate three different HIPS strategies for PHI replacement, a standard Consistent replacement strategy, a Random replacement strategy, and a novel Markov model strategy. We evaluate the privacy-preserving benefits and relative utility for information extraction of these strategies on both a simulated PHI distribution and real clinical corpora from two different institutions using a range of false negative error rates (FNER). The Markov strategy consistently outperformed the Consistent and Random substitution strategies on both real data and in statistical simulations. Using FNER ranging from 0.1% to 5%, PHI leakage at the document level could be reduced from 27.1% to 0.1% and from 94.2% to 57.7% with the Markov strategy versus the standard Consistent substitution strategy, at 0.1% and 0.5% FNER, respectively. Additionally, we assessed the generated corpora containing synthetic PHI for reuse using a variety of information extraction methods. Results indicate that modern deep learning methods have similar performance on all strategies, but older machine learning techniques can suffer from the change in context. Overall, a Markov surrogate generation strategy substantially reduces the chance of inadvertent PHI release.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grasping in Shared Virtual Environments: Toward Realistic Human–Object Interaction Through Review-Based Modeling 共享虚拟环境中的抓取：通过基于回顾的建模实现逼真的人-物交互

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14193809

Nicole Christoff, Nikolay Neshov, Radostina Petkova, Krasimir Tonchev, Agata Manolova

{"title":"Grasping in Shared Virtual Environments: Toward Realistic Human–Object Interaction Through Review-Based Modeling","authors":"Nicole Christoff, Nikolay Neshov, Radostina Petkova, Krasimir Tonchev, Agata Manolova","doi":"10.3390/electronics14193809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193809","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual communication, involving the transmission of all human senses, is the next step in the development of telecommunications. Achieving this vision requires real-time data exchange with low latency, which in turn necessitates the implementation of the Tactile Internet (TI). TI will ensure the transmission of high-quality tactile data, especially when combined with audio and video signals, thus enabling more realistic interactions in virtual environments. In this context, advances in realism increasingly depend on the accurate simulation of the grasping process and hand–object interactions. To address this, in this paper, we methodically present the challenges of human–object interaction in virtual environments, together with a detailed review of the datasets used in grasping modeling and the integration of physics-based and machine learning approaches. Based on this review, we propose a multi-step framework that simulates grasping as a series of biomechanical, perceptual, and control processes. The proposed model aims to support realistic human interaction with virtual objects in immersive settings and to enable integration into applications such as remote manipulation, rehabilitation, and virtual learning.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 19","pages":"3809-3809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/19/3809/pdf?version=1758870033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Facial Action Units in Investigating Facial Movements During Speech. 面部动作单元在研究言语中面部运动中的作用。

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14102066

Aliya A Newby, Ambika Bhatta, Charles Kirkland, Nicole Arnold, Lara A Thompson

{"title":"The Role of Facial Action Units in Investigating Facial Movements During Speech.","authors":"Aliya A Newby, Ambika Bhatta, Charles Kirkland, Nicole Arnold, Lara A Thompson","doi":"10.3390/electronics14102066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/electronics14102066","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating how facial movements can be used to characterize and quantify speech is important, in particular, to aid those suffering from motor control speech disorders. Here, we sought to investigate how facial action units (AUs), previously used to classify human expressions and emotion, could be used to quantify and understand unimpaired human speech. Fourteen (14) adult participants (30.1 ± 7.9 years old), fluent in English, with no speech impairments, were examined. Within each data collection session, 6 video trials per participant per phoneme were acquired (i.e., 102 trials total/phoneme). The participants were asked to vocalize the vowels /æ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɒ/, and /ʊ/; the consonants /b/, /n/, /m/, /p/, /h/, /w/, and /d/; and the diphthongs /eI/, /ʌɪ/, /i/, /a:/, and /u:/. Through the use of Python Py-Feat, our analysis displayed the AU contributions for each phoneme. The important implication of our methodological findings is that AUs could be used to quantify speech in populations with no speech disability; this has the potential to be broadened toward providing feedback and characterization of speech changes and improvements in impaired populations. This would be of interest to persons with speech disorders, speech language pathologists, engineers, and physicians.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13229553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wet Etching-Based WO3 Patterning for High-Performance Neuromorphic Electrochemical Transistors 基于湿蚀刻的高性能神经形态电化学晶体管WO3图像化

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14061183

Liwei Zhang, Sixing Chen, Shaoming Fu, Songjia Han, Li Zhang, Yu Zhang, Mengye Wang, Chuan Liu, Xiaoci Liang

{"title":"Wet Etching-Based WO3 Patterning for High-Performance Neuromorphic Electrochemical Transistors","authors":"Liwei Zhang, Sixing Chen, Shaoming Fu, Songjia Han, Li Zhang, Yu Zhang, Mengye Wang, Chuan Liu, Xiaoci Liang","doi":"10.3390/electronics14061183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061183","url":null,"abstract":"WO3-based electrochemical transistors (ECTs) are recognized as candidates for three-terminal memristors due to their high on–off ratio, long retention time, and rapid switching speed. However, their patterned fabrication often relies on complex vacuum systems or extreme processing conditions, hindering cost-effective scalability. Here, we developed a novel wet etching technique integrated with sol–gel-derived WO3 channels, enabling ambient-air fabrication of Nafion-WO3 ECTs. The wet-etched devices achieve an on–off ratio of ~105, surpassing unetched and dry-etched counterparts by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, they exhibit exceptional paired-pulse facilitation and long-term stability, maintaining 12 distinct conductance states for 103 s, and an on–off ratio of ~102 over 25 read–write cycles. XPS result shows higher W5+ content and M-O-H bond proportion for wet-etched devices, revealing an optimized interface, with enhanced H+ injection efficiency. The simulated artificial neural network using this wet-etched ECT shows ~97% recognition accuracy for handwritten numerals. This approach offers a novel patterning strategy for developing cost-effective, high-performance neuromorphic devices.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 6","pages":"1183-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/6/1183/pdf?version=1742278066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

γ-Fe2O3-Based MEMS Gas Sensor for Propane Detection 基于γ- fe2o3的MEMS气体传感器丙烷检测

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14051050

Xiang Gao, Ying Chen, Pengcheng Xu, Dan Zheng, Xinxin Li

引用次数: 5

Efficient Modeling and Usage of Scratchpad Memory for Artificial Intelligence Accelerators 面向人工智能加速器的刮记板存储器的高效建模与使用

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14051032

Cagla Irmak Rumelili Köksal, Sıddıka Berna Örs Yalçın

{"title":"Efficient Modeling and Usage of Scratchpad Memory for Artificial Intelligence Accelerators","authors":"Cagla Irmak Rumelili Köksal, Sıddıka Berna Örs Yalçın","doi":"10.3390/electronics14051032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14051032","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning accelerators play a crucial role in enhancing computation-intensive AI applications. Optimizing system resources—such as shared caches, on-chip SRAM, and data movement mechanisms—is essential for achieving peak performance and energy efficiency. This paper explores the trade-off between last-level cache (LLC) and scratchpad memory (SPM) usage in accelerator-based SoCs. To evaluate this trade-off, we introduce a high-speed simulator for estimating the timing performance of complex SoCs and demonstrate the benefits of SPM utilization. Our work shows that dynamic reconfiguration of the LLC into an SPM with prefetching capabilities reduces cache misses while improving resource utilization, performance, and energy efficiency. With SPM usage, we achieve up to 13× speedup and a 10% reduction in energy consumption for CNN backbones. Additionally, our simulator significantly outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives, running 3000× faster than gem5-SALAM for fixed-weight convolution computations and up to 64,000× faster as weight size increases. These results validate the effectiveness of both the proposed architecture and simulator in optimizing deep learning workloads.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"1032-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/5/1032/pdf?version=1741243740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Flexible Multi-Ion Detection System Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Physiological Monitoring 基于有机电化学晶体管的柔性多离子生理监测系统

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14051023

Chenglin Li, Sixing Chen, Chuan Liu, Hui‐Jiuan Chen, Songjia Han

{"title":"A Flexible Multi-Ion Detection System Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Physiological Monitoring","authors":"Chenglin Li, Sixing Chen, Chuan Liu, Hui‐Jiuan Chen, Songjia Han","doi":"10.3390/electronics14051023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14051023","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous and real-time monitoring of physiological indicators is essential for early disease detection, prevention, and clinical diagnosis. In response to the growing demand for precise physiological parameter assessment, this study presents a flexible, organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based multi-ion sensing system designed to monitor key electrolyte concentrations—sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+)—in human biofluids. The system features a highly adaptable sensor array with a detection range tailored to physiological conditions, ensuring high selectivity and stability in complex biological environments. Our sensor demonstrated a sensitivity exceeding 1 mA/decade. To enhance measurement accuracy and mitigate cross-interference among ions, we integrate advanced machine learning algorithms, which optimize signal processing and significantly improve the system’s reliability. Additionally, we have developed a fully integrated hardware–software platform comprising customized signal acquisition circuitry and dedicated data analysis software, specifically tailored for OECT-based sensing applications. This comprehensive framework not only refines real-time ion detection but also paves the way for the broader clinical translation of OECT technology. The proposed system holds great promise for real-time physiological monitoring and point-of-care diagnostics, offering a potential paradigm shift in non-invasive, on-demand health assessment.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"1023-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/5/1023/pdf?version=1741086967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

HawkFish Optimization Algorithm: A Gender-Bending Approach for Solving Complex Optimization Problems 鹰鱼优化算法：解决复杂优化问题的性别弯曲方法

3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.3390/electronics14030611

Ali Alkharsan, Oğuz Ata

引用次数: 32

Data-Driven Maturity Level Evaluation for Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (Invited Paper). 人类多能干细胞衍生心肌细胞的数据驱动成熟度评估（特邀论文）。

IF 2.6 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13244985

Yan Hong, Xueqing Huang, Fang Li, Siqi Huang, Qibiao Weng, Diego Fraidenraich, Ioana Voiculescu

{"title":"Data-Driven Maturity Level Evaluation for Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (Invited Paper).","authors":"Yan Hong, Xueqing Huang, Fang Li, Siqi Huang, Qibiao Weng, Diego Fraidenraich, Ioana Voiculescu","doi":"10.3390/electronics13244985","DOIUrl":"10.3390/electronics13244985","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cardiomyocytes offers significant potential for disease modeling and cell-based cardiac therapies. However, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) remain largely immature, limiting their experimental and clinical applications. A critical challenge in current in vitro culture systems is the absence of standardized metrics to quantify maturity. This study presents a data-driven pipeline to quantify hPSC-CM maturity using gene expression data across various stages of cardiac development. We determined that culture time serves as a feasible proxy for maturity. To improve prediction accuracy, machine learning algorithms were employed to identify heart-related genes whose expression strongly correlates with culture time. Our results reduced the average discrepancy between predicted and observed culture time to 4.461 days and CASQ2 (Calsequestrin 2), a gene involved in calcium ion storage and transport, was identified as the most critical cardiac gene associated with culture duration. This novel framework for maturity assessment moves beyond traditional qualitative methods, providing deeper insights into hPSC-CM maturation dynamics. It establishes a foundation for developing advanced lab-on-chip devices capable of real-time maturity monitoring and adaptive stimulus selection, paving the way for improved maturation strategies and broader experimental/clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"13 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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