Emerging Microbes & Infections最新文献

{"title":"A surrogate BSL2-compliant infection model recapitulating key aspects of human Marburg virus disease.","authors":"Wanying Yang, Wujie Zhou, Bo Liang, Xiaojun Hu, Shen Wang, Zhenshan Wang, Tiecheng Wang, Xianzhu Xia, Na Feng, Yongkun Zhao, Feihu Yan","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2449083","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2449083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe infectious disease caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), posing a significant threat to humans. MARV needs to be operated under strict biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory conditions. Therefore, accessible and practical animal models are urgently needed to advance prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for MARV. In this study, we constructed a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the Marburg virus glycoprotein (VSV-MARV/GP). Syrian hamsters infected with VSV-MARV/GP presented symptoms such as thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, haemophilia, and multiorgan failure, developing a severe systemic disease akin to that observed in human MARV patients. Notably, the pathogenicity was found to be species-specific, age-related, sex-associated, and challenge route-dependent. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of the MR191 monoclonal antibody was validated in this model. In summary, this alternative model is an effective tool for rapidly screening medical countermeasures against MARV GP in vivo under BSL-2 conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2449083"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An immunocompetent mouse model revealed that congenital Zika virus infection disrupted hippocampal function by activating autophagy.","authors":"Wei Yang, Zhan-Zhan Bian, Zhe Li, Yi-Teng Zhang, Li-Bo Liu, Jia-Tong Chang, Dan Li, Pei-Gang Wang, Jing An, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2465327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2465327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection significantly affects neurological development in infants and subsequently induces neurodevelopmental abnormality symptoms; however, the potential mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, in order to effectively intervene in neurodevelopmental abnormalities in infected infants, it is necessary to identify the main brain regions affected by congenital infection. In this study, we constructed a congenital ZIKV-infected murine model using immunocompetent human STAT2 knock-in mice, which presented long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities with abnormal neurodevelopmental symptoms. We found that the hippocampus, which regulates cognitive behaviour and processes spatial information and navigation, was the main brain region affected by congenital infection and that hippocampal cells were more prone to autophagy during the growth period of these mice at the transcriptional and pathological levels. These findings highlighted that congenital ZIKV infection could interrupt hippocampal function by activating autophagy, thus providing a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of congenital ZIKV-infected infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2465327"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse genetics-derived cattle H5N1 virus from Clade 2.3.4.4b shows enhanced systemic infectivity and pathogenicity than an older Clade 1 H5N1 virus in BALB/c mice.","authors":"Na Xiao, Xiang Yong Oong, Yanxia Chen, Can Li, Howard Chun-Ho Chung, Pui Wang, Zhanhong Ye, Alvin Hiu-Chung Lam, Jianpiao Cai, Wenchen Song, Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee, Hin Chu, Kin-Hang Kok, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Honglin Chen, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Anna Jin-Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2475836","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2475836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The newly emerged avian influenza A H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b can infect dairy cows and shed live virus in their milk. Sporadic cattle-to-human infections have been reported, highlighting the urgent need to understand its pathogenesis in mammals. Using both non-lactating and lactating BALB/c mice, we examined the viral tissue tropism, histopathological damages, and host immune responses upon intranasal inoculation with a reverse-genetic virus constructed based on A/dairy cattle/Texas/24-008749-003/2024 (Cattle-H5N1) and comparing with an older reference Clade 1 virus, A/Vietnam/1194/2004 virus (VNM1194-H5N1). Cattle-H5N1 was highly lethal in mice (mLD₅₀ = 1.48PFU) with broad tissue tropism and produced higher titer in respiratory tissue and multiple extrapulmonary organs than VNM1194-H5N1. In the lungs, Cattle-H5N1 infection of airway epithelium, type II pneumocytes and CD45⁺ immune cells were at a higher frequency than those of VNM1194-H5N1-infected mice, resulting in severe epithelial destruction and diffuse alveolar damage accompanied by elevated lung and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. Although both H5N1 viruses showed lactating mammary gland tropism, the gland tissue was more severely damaged after Cattle-H5N1 infection with abundant viral antigens expression in glandular cells, associated fat and lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, more suckling mice co-housed with Cattle-H5N1 infected lactating mice were virus-positive (7/30 pups) than VNM1194-H5N1. Brains were heavily infected by Cattle-H5N1, and neurological signs such as body-rolling/spinning, trembling and/or limb paralysis were seen only in Cattle-H5N1 infected mice. The spleen was more severely damaged by Cattle-H5N1 infection, which showed massive viral antigen expression accompanied by severe apoptosis and splenic atrophy, concluding that Cattle-H5N1 is more virulent in mice than VNM1194-H5N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2475836"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An IS element-driven antisense RNA attenuates the expression of serotype 2 fimbriae and the cytotoxicity of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>.","authors":"Alexandre D'Halluin, Denisa Petráčková, Ivana Čurnová, Jakub Držmíšek, Jan Čapek, Peggy Bouquet, Loïc Henin, Rudy Antoine, Loïc Coutte, Camille Locht, Branislav Večerek, David Hot","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2451718","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2451718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insertion sequences (IS) represent mobile genetic elements that have been shown to be associated with bacterial evolution and adaptation due to their effects on genome plasticity. In <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, the causative agent of whooping cough, the numerous IS elements induce genomic rearrangements and contribute to the diversity of the global <i>B. pertussis</i> population. Previously, we have shown that the majority of IS-specific endogenous promoters induce the synthesis of alternative transcripts and thereby affect the transcriptional landscape of <i>B. pertussis</i>. Here, we describe the regulatory RNA Rfi2, which is transcribed from the P_out promoter of the IS<i>481</i> gene <i>BP1118</i> antisense to the adjacent <i>fim2</i> gene encoding the major serotype 2 fimbrial subunit of <i>B. pertussis</i>. Among the classical bordetellae, Rfi2 is unique to <i>B. pertussis</i>, suggesting its specific role in virulence. We show that Rfi2 RNA attenuates <i>fim2</i> transcription and, consequently, the production of the Fim2 protein. Interestingly, the mutant that does not produce Rfi2 displayed significantly increased cytotoxicity towards human macrophages compared to the parental strain. This observation suggests that the Rfi2-mediated reduction in cytotoxicity represents an evolutionary adaptation of <i>B. pertussis</i> that fine-tunes its interaction with the human host. Given the immunogenicity of Fim2, we further hypothesize that Rfi2-mediated modulation of Fim2 production contributes to immune evasion. To our knowledge, Rfi2 represents the first functionally characterized IS element-driven antisense RNA that modulates the expression of a virulence gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2451718"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel human coronavirus in an infant patient with pneumonia, Republic of Korea.","authors":"Kyungmin Park, Minsoo Shin, Augustine Natasha, Jongwoo Kim, Juyoung Noh, Seong-Gyu Kim, Bohyeon Kim, Jieun Park, Ye-Rin Seo, Hee-Kyung Cho, Kwan Soo Byun, Ji Hoon Kim, Young-Sun Lee, Jung Ok Shim, Won-Keun Kim, Jin-Won Song","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2466705","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2466705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a significant threat to public health, causing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Beyond precipitating global outbreaks, Human CoVs (HCoVs) are frequently found among patients with respiratory infections. To date, limited attention has been directed towards alphacoronaviruses due to their low prevalence and fatality rates. Nasal swab and serum samples were collected from a paediatric patient, and an epidemiological survey was conducted. Retrospective surveillance investigated the molecular prevalence of CoV in 880 rodents collected in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2018 to 2022. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analyses characterized the novel HCoV and closely related CoVs harboured by <i>Apodemus</i> spp. On 15 December 2022, a 103-day-old infant was admitted with fever, cough, sputum production, and rhinorrhea, diagnosed with human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and rhinovirus co-infection. Elevated AST/ALT levels indicated transient liver dysfunction on the fourth day of hospitalization. Metagenomic NGS (mNGS) identified a novel HCoV in nasal swab and serum samples. Retrospective rodent surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed the novel HCoV was closely related to alphacoronaviruses carried by <i>Apodemus</i> spp. in the ROK and China. This case highlights the potential of mNGS to identify emerging pathogens and raises awareness of possible extra-respiratory manifestations, such as transient liver dysfunction, associated with novel HCoVs. While the liver injury in this case may be attributable to the novel HCoV, further research is necessary to elucidate its clinical significance, epidemiological prevalence, and zoonotic origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2466705"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"North American-origin influenza A (H10) viruses in Eurasian wild birds (2022-2024): implications for the emergence of human H10N5 virus.","authors":"Jiaying Wu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yubo Zhao, Shunyuan Zhang, Yanhai Wang, Wenxue Yang, Haizhou Liu, Jiang Feng, Wenzhuo Tan, Ke Wang, Qianqian Shi, Qichao Wei, Jianqing Sun, Yuan Zhang, Jianjun Chen","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2465308","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2465308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During our surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds across China, H10Nx viruses were isolated from diverse migratory flyways between 2022 and 2024. We identified one wild-bird H10N5 strain that shared a common ancestor with the human H10N5 virus in multiple gene segments. Phylogenetic and molecular dating revealed the origin and evolution of H10N5, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2465308"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance in hypermucoviscous and non-hypermucoviscous <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hiroki Namikawa, Ken-Ichi Oinuma, Yukihiro Kaneko, Hiroshi Kakeya, Taichi Shuto","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2438657","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2438657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance has recently increased due to emerging carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, especially among hypermucoviscous <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (hmKp) strains. To evaluate the prevalence of ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant strains in hmKp and non-hmKp clinical isolates through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2000 to June 2023. Clinical and in vivo/in vitro studies involving confirmed <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clinical isolates differentiated into hmKP and non-hmKP strains based on string test results. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the number of individuals in each target group. Forest plots were used to visualize the effect sizes and 95% CIs of individual studies estimated using the inverse variance and DerSimonian - Laird methods with fixed - and random-effects models, respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test (<i>I²</i> ≥ 50%). Fifteen studies comprising 2049 clinical isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that hmKp strains were associated with a significantly lower prevalence of ESBL-producing strains (pooled OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.63, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and a slightly lower prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains than non-hmKp strains (pooled OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.97, <i>P</i> = 0.038). hmKp strains exhibited lower and slightly lower prevalence of ESBL production and carbapenem resistance, respectively, than non-hmKp strains. However, given the rising prevalence of ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant hmKp strains, patients infected by string-test-positive <i>K. pneumoniae</i> must be managed prudently, considering the potential for highly resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2438657"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> and other mycolactone producing mycobacteria in southeastern United States.","authors":"Magdalene Dogbe, Cody Roberts, Kayla M Fast, Alex W Rakestraw, Joseph P Receveur, Katherine Yoskowitz, Jennifer L Pechal, Michael W Sandel, Christine Chevillon, Jean-François Guégan, Mark E Benbow, Heather R Jordan","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2521853","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2521853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buruli ulcer (BU) is a chronic and debilitating skin disease caused by the environmental pathogen, <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> (MU). The primary virulence determinant is mycolactone, a cytotoxic lipid compound unique to MU and its other mycolactone producing mycobacteria (MPM) ecological variants. Although BU prevalence is highest in West Africa and Australia, little is known about MU and other MPM distribution in non-endemic regions such as the Southeastern United States (US). In this study, environmental samples (water filtrand, plant biofilm, soil, aquatic invertebrates) were collected from nine freshwater sites across Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama over three sampling periods (August 2020, November 2020, March 2021). Samples were screened for MU and MPM presence and abundance by PCR and genotyped using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) profiling. All nine sites were positive for MU or other MPM DNA in at least one substrate, except invertebrates. Overall, mean concentrations were 4.3 × 10⁴ genome units (GU)/sample in August 2020, 1.26 GU/sample in November 2020, and 55.5 GU/sample in March 2021. Profiling by VNTR identified four MU (designated A-D) and one <i>M. liflandii</i> genotype(s), among environmental samples, with genotype frequencies varying by site and sampling time. Detection of MU and <i>M. liflandii</i> genotypes in Southeastern US aquatic environments, matching those from BU endemic regions, provides rationale for ongoing surveillance. Our findings broaden the known geographic range of MU and MPMs and offer baseline data to help predict and prevent and predict the possibility of zoonotic transmission in Southeastern US.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2521853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging hepatitis B vaccination to consolidate functional cure: reigniting the humoral axis in chronic HBV infection.","authors":"Shan Ren, Sujun Zheng, Xinyue Chen","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2547723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2547723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2547723"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144845035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials.","authors":"Zoe Moodie, Shuying Sue Li, Elena E Giorgi, LaTonya D Williams, One Dintwe, Lindsay N Carpp, Shiyu Chen, Kelly E Seaton, Sheetal S Sawant, Lu Zhang, Jack Heptinstall, Shuying Liu, Nicole Grunenberg, Frank Tomaka, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Julie A Ake, Sandhya Vasan, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Ian Frank, Lindsey R Baden, Paul A Goepfert, Michael Keefer, Mike Chirenje, Mina C Hosseinipour, Kathryn Mngadi, Fatima Laher, Nigel Garrett, Linda-Gail Bekker, Stephen De Rosa, Erica Andersen-Nissen, James G Kublin, Shan Lu, Peter B Gilbert, Glenda E Gray, Lawrence Corey, M Juliana McElrath, Georgia D Tomaras","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing an effective HIV vaccine is a momentous challenge. An exceptionally wide range of candidate HIV vaccines have been tested, yet many were poorly immunogenic, and of the select few that advanced into efficacy trials, only one demonstrated any efficacy. Here we report the results of the largest-scale cross-protocol immunogenicity comparison to date: 13 HIV vaccine trials (including 36 vaccine regimens) conducted across nine countries worldwide, strengthened by standardized trial designs, validated assays in centralized laboratories, and harmonized immunogenicity endpoints - providing an objective approach to identify the HIV vaccine candidate(s) with the best immunogenicity. A polyvalent DNA prime + protein boost regimen (HVTN 124) including Env immunogens of four subtypes, matched between prime and boost, achieved the best anti-V1V2 antibody responses by a large margin and also induced high CD4+ T-cell responses - two key immune responses implicated in HIV vaccine protection. Our results provide strong support to test this promising HIV vaccine design in more advanced phase clinical trials and will also guide the future design of additional HIV vaccines.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01799954..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02109354..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02404311..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02207920..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02296541..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03284710..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02915016..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02997969..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03122223..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03409276..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02968849..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03060629..<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00223080..</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"14 1","pages":"2485317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}