Emerging Microbes & Infections最新文献

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2748212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2748212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"15 1","pages":"2748212"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autopsy practices for high-consequence infectious diseases: global guidelines, alternatives, and the BSL-4 gap.","authors":"Kristina Allgoewer, Antonino Lavenia, Laura Secco, Tina Schaller, Antonia Fitzek, Charlotte Kriebel, Akhator Terence Azeke, Toshikazu Kondo, Rexson Tse, Paul Chui, Stefan Schmiedel, Benjamin Ondruschka","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autopsies play a critical role in elucidating the pathogenesis of emerging infectious diseases, particularly in cases involving high-consequence pathogens such as viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). While biosafety concerns have restricted post-mortem examinations in such contexts, the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in autopsy-based research and highlighted both the potential and the gaps in current biosafety protocols. This narrative review outlines autopsy practices in the context of high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) with a focus on VHFs, summarizes reported autopsy cases, explores alternative post-mortem methods, and examines the evolution of legal and institutional frameworks in response to the pandemic. A comparison of official international guidelines shows that while detailed autopsy protocols have been published for pathogens requiring BSL-3 containment - particularly in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) - no official procedural guidance seems to be available for performing autopsies under BSL-4 conditions. Instead, current recommendations at this level are limited to post-mortem handling and disposal of the deceased. This regulatory and procedural gap underscores the urgent need for harmonized, high-containment autopsy protocols that balance biosafety with scientific value. Developing such frameworks will be essential to improve outbreak preparedness and enable evidence-based responses to future pandemics globally. Accordingly, we propose a structured, system-based approach to BSL-4 autopsy practice as a foundation for discussion and future guideline development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2678656"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence and biological characteristics of linezolid-resistant <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> isolates in the Asia-Pacific region.","authors":"Yu Chen, Xinwei Chen, Hangcong Xu, Heng Shen, Xing Liu, Fen Wan, Yuning Han, Xiaojun Song, Jun Li, Hong Du, Xingli Fan, Yan Wu, Yun Luo, Dazhi Jin","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2627070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2627070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linezolid-resistant <i>Clostridioides difficile,</i> conferred by the acquisition of <i>cfr</i>-like genes, has been reported in Europe and America. However, the emergence of linezolid resistance in <i>C. difficile</i> in the Asia-Pacific region and its impacts on <i>C. difficile</i> pathogenicity remain unclear. In this study, 881 <i>C. difficile</i> isolates from the Asia-Pacific region were screened for <i>cfr</i>-like genes. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 16 <i>cfr</i>-like gene-positive isolates from four countries. Thirteen isolates possessed <i>cfr</i>(B), which was located within Tn<i>6218</i>, while three isolates possessed <i>cfr</i>(C), which was located within the integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) F548 and DA275. Fourteen (87.5%, 14/16) of the <i>cfr</i>-like gene-positive isolates were resistant to linezolid. In comparison to the two isolates susceptible to linezolid, these 14 isolates exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression levels of <i>cfr</i>(B) and <i>cfr</i>(C), along with significantly higher bacterial density at 12 h. Conversely, they demonstrated reduced abilities for sporulation and biofilm formation. After the <i>cfr</i>(B) gene was knocked down by the CRISPR interference, the <i>C. difficile</i> strain presented lower bacterial density at 12 h, higher toxin production and stronger sporulation and biofilm formation abilities. Our findings reveal the emergence of <i>cfr</i>-like genes <i>C. difficile</i> isolates in the Asia-Pacific region, highlighting that <i>cfr</i>-like genes not only mediate linezolid resistance but also contribute to regulating pathogenic potential. Linezolid resistance in CDI should be closely monitored in specific patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2627070"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent neutralization of Rift Valley fever virus mediated by monoclonal antibodies via concurrent inhibition of attachment and fusion.","authors":"Meng Hao, Ting Bian, Zhengshan Chen, Guanying Zhang, Chuanyi Zhao, Guangcheng Fu, Yi Chen, Xiangyang Chi, Pengfei Fan, Ting Fang, Changming Yu, Jianmin Li","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2623698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2623698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is one of the most important mosquito-borne pathogens that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. Despite its public health and economic impact, no licenced vaccines or therapeutics are currently available for human use. Here, we report the isolation of a panel of Gn-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the memory B cells of rhesus macaques immunized with Ad4-GnGc or Ad5-GnGc. 20 mAbs with neutralizing activity were identified and divided into two groups, targeting subdomain I and subdomain III of the Gn protein, respectively. In murine infection models, representative nAbs A38 and A13 demonstrated efficacious protection against RVFV infection in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Research on the neutralizing mechanisms of antibodies revealed that A13 mainly mediates neutralization by inhibiting RVFV fusion to cells, while A38 disrupts multiple stages of the viral entry process by blocking both virus attachment and membrane fusion. To gain deeper insights into these mechanisms, we predicted the variable regions of antibodies and performed molecular docking with RVFV Gn head domain. Structural analysis showed that A38 binds to the DI and DIII subdomains, while A13 binds to an epitope spanning three subdomains of Gn, likely preventing the structural rearrangements required for membrane fusion. This study identifies multiple promising therapeutic candidates against RVFV and elucidates the structural mechanisms by which neutralizing antibodies inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle. These findings deepen our understanding of RVFV pathogenesis and will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"15 1","pages":"2623698"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating haplotype-enhanced HIV surveillance with national databases improves the resolution of transmission networks, drug resistance, and risk assessment.","authors":"Dongjun Cai, Yi Feng, Mengze Gan, Huan Li, Dong Wang, Jingjing Hao, Lu Lin, Yue Tang, Yicong Wang, Lingjie Liao, Zheng Wang, Hui Xing","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sanger and other consensus-based HIV surveillance methods provide limited resolution for characterizing transmission dynamics. This study evaluated the added value of integrating haplotype sequences into the division of research on viral immunology (DRVI) pol database to improve analyses of viral diversity, transmission networks, and haplotype-level drug resistance. We deep sequenced the pol gene from 95 newly diagnosed individuals in the 2023 national survey, reconstructed haplotypes using CliqueSNV, and incorporated all haplotypes into the DRVI database for network construction. Principal component analysis and k-means clustering were used to identify subgroup structures based on viral diversity, selective pressures, and host factors, and these were linked with molecular network data. A total of 1,594 haplotypes were reconstructed, achieving a 91.1%sequence-level network inclusion rate (1452/1594 haplotypes), which was 2.4-fold higher than that of consensus sequences (37.9%, 36/95). Haplotype integration increased network connections by 2.14-fold (75 vs 35). Two subgroups were identified (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with high-diversity/low-selection individuals forming denser clusters (64 vs 6; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Among detected drug-resistant mutations, 69.7% were observed only at the haplotype level, and resistance patterns varied within the same genetic similarity-based cluster. These findings demonstrate that haplotype integration markedly enhances HIV molecular surveillance by resolving previously unrecognized links, clarifying diversity-associated network structure (which may partly reflect infection stage), and detecting low-frequency drug resistance missed by consensus methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2678634"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA mediated expression of novel fusion phage tail protein with antimicrobial peptides inside macrophages for targeted clearance of intracellular <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Ziwei Chen, Xueting Fan, Liying Zhou, Lihui Zou, Li Wan, Yayu Li, Chang Li, Lu Kuai, Jiahui Cai, Lili Zhang, Yifei Li, Hexin Li, Kanglin Wan, Haican Liu, Hongtao Xu, Fei Xiao","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2627075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2627075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current anti-tuberculosis treatments primarily target extracellular <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), but exhibit limited efficacy against intracellular <i>Mtb</i>, leading to incomplete clearance of pathogens and an increased risk of recurrence. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low potential for resistance development. Here we developed an <i>in vitro</i> mRNA expression platform which not only facilitates intracellular AMPs expression within macrophages, but also significantly enhances their bactericidal activity against <i>Mtb</i> post-infection. Notably, the combination of AMPs trimers demonstrated superior anti-<i>Mtb</i> activity compared to individual AMPs or other combinations. Furthermore, fusion of this AMP complex with either the minor tail protein Gp6 or lysin Gp10 from <i>Mycobacterium phage</i> L5 substantially improved macrophage-specific targeting and intracellular <i>Mtb</i> elimination. Thus, our current study provides novel insights and innovative strategies for the treatment of tuberculosis or other intracellular bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2627075"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel hybrid alphavirus-Nipah virus pseudovirion for rapid quantification of vaccine-induced neutralization antibodies.","authors":"Brian Hetrick, Sravya Sowdamini Nakka, Dongyang Yu, Sarah Swineford, Nadia Storm, Anthony Griffiths, Yuntao Wu","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2660425","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2660425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent paramyxovirus that causes serious disease in humans and animals. Accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAB) against NiV is essential for vaccine development. The current standard, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), requires authentic infectious NiV and BSL-4 containment, taking 4-7 days to complete. In this study, we developed a hybrid alphavirus-Nipah virus pseudovirion (Ha-NiV) composed of a non-replicating Nipah virus virus-like particle (VLP) that encapsulates an RNA genome from a fast-expressing SFV (Semliki Forest Virus) alphaviral vector. Ha-NiV can infect NiV target cells but is replication incompetent, enabling rapid quantification of nAB (6-18 h) in BSL-2 conditions. We demonstrated concentration-dependent neutralization of Ha-NiV using an anti-NiV F glycoprotein antibody, 12B2, which is induced with a prefusion stabilized NiV F ectodomain trimer. We further validated the Ha-NiV-based neutralization assay using sera from Nipah virus-infected African green monkeys, and established a good correlation (<i>R</i>² = 0.86) with PRNT, demonstrating comparable specificity and sensitivity. These results demonstrate that the Ha-NiV assay can serve as a novel platform for convenient and rapid quantification of vaccine-induced nAB in BSL-2 settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"15 1","pages":"2660425"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A copper uptake ABC transport system is essential for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> virulence.","authors":"Zhihong Xu, Huang Tang, Meiyi Yan, Haifeng Li, Aiping Zhou, Yana Chen, Chong-Huai Yan, Petros C Karakousis, Jinjing Ni, Danni Wang, Jing Tao, Wenjuan Wu, Qing Xie, Jie Lu, Lingjun Zhan, Yi-Cheng Sun, Wei Zhao, Yu-Feng Yao","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2668753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2668753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that thrives primarily inside the phagosome of macrophages. A key <i>Mtb</i> survival strategy is to exploit and manipulate metal cation trafficking inside macrophages. Copper plays dual roles in host-pathogen interactions, <i>i.e.</i> as a bactericidal toxin for the host, as well as micronutrients for the bacteria. In contrast to the well-studied copper resistance pathways, the copper uptake machinery of <i>Mtb</i> remains poorly characterized. We here show that Rv1273c and Rv1272c form a heterodimeric copper influx ABC transporter in <i>Mtb</i>, and their expression is induced by copper and phagocytosis. Intracellular copper imported by Rv1273c-Rv1272c promotes mycobacterial sedimentation and alters bacterial envelope structure. Moreover, copper broadly affects the mycobacterial transcriptome and metabolome, as well as glycolipid and phospholipid contents of the mycobacterial envelope, thereby contributing to mycobacterial survival in macrophages. Finally, the murine model results show that the deletion of Rv1273c-Rv1272c causes lower bacterial burdens in the lungs and spleens, suggesting that Rv1273c-Rv1272c is essential for <i>Mtb</i> virulence. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that mycobacteria utilize the copper uptake ABC transport system to facilitate pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2668753"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of carbapenem therapy in OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales infections: a French multicentre cohort, systematic review, and meta-analysis.","authors":"Laurent Dortet, Charlotte Moreau, Aurélien Dinh, Rémy A Bonnin, Lélia Escaut, Manon Seguret, Laura Weber, Samy Figueiredo, Benoît Pilmis","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2671518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2671518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales (OXA-48-PE) represent a growing global health threat. Most of OXA-48-PE remain categorized susceptible to carbapenems, which might encourage their use despite uncertain clinical efficacy. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of infections caused by OXA-48-PE treated with carbapenem compared with alternative active therapies. The analyses were performed at three levels: a descriptive analysis of the French cohort, a comparative descriptive analysis of all published studies, and a meta-analysis restricted to studies providing direct comparisons between carbapenem-based and alternative active regimens. Between September 2021 and March 2023, 59 patients with monomicrobial OXA-48-PE infections were included in a French multicenter retrospective cohort. In parallel, a systematic review was conducted to identify clinical studies published through 31 December 2024, reporting outcomes of OXA-48-PE infections. In the French cohort, the overall 30-day mortality was 49.1%. Clinical failure occurred in 57.1% of patients receiving meropenem monotherapy, including patients infected with isolates exhibiting meropenem MICs within the susceptible range. Across 12 clinical studies (817 patients), carbapenem therapy was associated with high and variable crude mortality (52%), whereas newer agents active against OXA-48-PE, particularly ceftazidime-avibactam, were associated with lower and more consistent crude mortality (30.7%). In the primary meta-analysis of 6 human comparative studies, carbapenem therapy was associated with an increased risk of clinical failure compared with alternative active regimens (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.05-3.88). Despite apparent <i>in vitro</i> susceptibility, carbapenem therapy was consistently associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes in OXA-48-PE infections, supporting the prioritization of alternative active agents whenever available.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2671518"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acids-based compounds as novel prophylaxis or treatment for oropharyngeal <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae:</i> an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Syed Ameer Hamza, Rita Paolini, Caroline Moore, Magnus Unemo, Tami Yap, Michael McCullough, Alyce Mayfosh, Thomas Rau, Stephen Kleid, Jane S Hocking, Fabian Ys Kong, Antonio Celentano","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2026.2678644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea remains a global challenge due to rising antimicrobial resistance and limited therapeutic options, necessitating urgent calls for new treatments and prophylaxis. This study evaluates the in vitro activity of arginine-based fatty acids against <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (NG) strains in a validated oropharyngeal model. Five oropharyngeal cell lines (tonsillar/buccal/gingival/floor of mouth/uvular) were infected with two NG strains. Intracellular infection was assessed at 15/30/60 min. MIC₉₀ and cytotoxicity of five arginine-based fatty acids were determined. Promising candidates were evaluated for NG clearance at 30/60/120 min (post-infection) and prevention of infection (pre-infection) after 30/120 min drug exposure. Arginine-undecanoate (AU) and arginine-laurate (AL) were the most effective fatty-acids, showing potent bactericidal activity, with no cytotoxicity in any cell lines up to 300 µg/mL. In post-exposure experiments, AL at 150 µg/mL and at MICx3 achieved rapid, dose-dependent clearance of ≥94% for FA1090 and ≥90% for WHO R respectively within 30 min in all cell lines except in uvular cells. AU showed time-dependent killing with clearance of ≥95% for FA1090 and ≥88% for WHO-R at 120 min at 150 and 108 µg/mL (MICx3) respectively. In pre-exposure experiments, AL at maximum non-cytotoxic concentration (300 µg/mL) was more effective than AU, achieving 83·3-97·4% clearance in all cell lines within 30 min. AL and AU can be promising, non-toxic candidates for the prevention or treatment of oropharyngeal NG. Use, pre- and post-sex via topical formulations, could potentially reduce oropharyngeal NG transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2678644"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}