Tim Du, Anada Silva, Kelly B. Choi, Cassandra Lybeck, George R. Golding, Romeo Hizon, Sean Ahmed, Nicole Anderson, Suzanne Bakai-Anderson, Blanda Chow, Ian Davis, Meghan Engbretson, Gerald A. Evans, Charles Frenette, Matthew Garrod, Jennie Johnstone, Kevin C. Katz, Pamela Kibsey, Joanne M. Langley, Jenine Leal, Jenna Leamon, Bonita E. Lee, Diane Lee, Yves Longtin, Dominik Mertz, Jessica Minion, Ericka Oates, Michelle Science, Jocelyn A. Srigley, Kathryn N. Suh, Nisha Thampi, Reena Titoria, Kristen Versluys, Alice Wong, Jeannette L. Comeau, Susy S. Hota
{"title":"Characterization of Adult and Pediatric Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections, Canada, 2015–2022","authors":"Tim Du, Anada Silva, Kelly B. Choi, Cassandra Lybeck, George R. Golding, Romeo Hizon, Sean Ahmed, Nicole Anderson, Suzanne Bakai-Anderson, Blanda Chow, Ian Davis, Meghan Engbretson, Gerald A. Evans, Charles Frenette, Matthew Garrod, Jennie Johnstone, Kevin C. Katz, Pamela Kibsey, Joanne M. Langley, Jenine Leal, Jenna Leamon, Bonita E. Lee, Diane Lee, Yves Longtin, Dominik Mertz, Jessica Minion, Ericka Oates, Michelle Science, Jocelyn A. Srigley, Kathryn N. Suh, Nisha Thampi, Reena Titoria, Kristen Versluys, Alice Wong, Jeannette L. Comeau, Susy S. Hota","doi":"10.3201/eid3106.250182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3106.250182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) among adult and pediatric patients in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals during 2015–2022. Of 30,824 reported CDI cases, 94.9% (29,250/30,824) were among adult (73.2% HA; 26.8% CA) and 5.1% (1,574/30,824) pediatric (77.6% HA; 22.4% CA) patients. During the study period, adult HA CDI rates decreased by 19.9% and CA CDI rates remained stable; pediatric HA CDI rates decreased by 29.6% and CA CDI decreased by 58.3%. Ribotype (RT) 106 was most common among both groups and replaced RT027 as the predominant strain type. RT027 was most associated with adult patients, HA acquisition, severe CDI, and severe outcomes. Moxifloxacin resistance was higher in adult than pediatric cases; clindamycin and rifampin resistance rates were similar between groups. Continued national surveillance is integral to understanding the epidemiology of adult and pediatric CDI in Canada and informing prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guyu Li, Christopher A. Reis, Rebecca M. Kruc, Ziyuan Zhang, Nicholas T. Streck, Elizabeth H. Ristagno, Jay Mandrekar, Matthew J. Wolf, James T. Gaensbauer, Robin Patel
{"title":"16S Ribosomal RNA Gene PCR and Sequencing for Pediatric Infection Diagnosis, United States, 2020–2023","authors":"Guyu Li, Christopher A. Reis, Rebecca M. Kruc, Ziyuan Zhang, Nicholas T. Streck, Elizabeth H. Ristagno, Jay Mandrekar, Matthew J. Wolf, James T. Gaensbauer, Robin Patel","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gene PCR and sequencing using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) can help diagnose challenging bacterial infections. Data on the optimal clinical settings for this type of testing are limited. We performed a retrospective study at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, with typically sterile specimens from children that underwent 16S rRNA PCR testing during September 2020–December 2023. Of 162 tests performed on 124 patients, 20% were positive; 58% of positive samples were from culture-negative specimens. Fluid specimens were >3 times as likely to test positive as tissue specimens (odds ratio 3.07 [95% CI 1.32–7.11]; p = 0.007), and pleural fluid demonstrated the highest positivity rate (50%). Of 33 positive results, 4 (12%) specimens qualified for reporting to the state health department for communicable diseases. Those single-laboratory findings demonstrate that the highest positivity rate of 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing is pleural fluid, although many specimen types tested positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel F. Liroa Romero, Maite Ruiz Pérez de Pipaón, Maria D. Navarro Amuedo, Jose M. Rubio Muñoz, Jose M. Jiménez-Hoyuela, Jose M. Cisneros
{"title":"Nosocomial Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, Spain, 2024","authors":"Manuel F. Liroa Romero, Maite Ruiz Pérez de Pipaón, Maria D. Navarro Amuedo, Jose M. Rubio Muñoz, Jose M. Jiménez-Hoyuela, Jose M. Cisneros","doi":"10.3201/eid3106.241932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3106.241932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report nosocomial <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> malaria in Spain, which was confirmed microbiologically and genomically. Transmission occurred through insufficiently disinfected reusable syringe lead shielding during thyroid scintigraphy. Genomic analysis showed high similarity between isolates from index and source cases. Strict biosafety measures are needed in healthcare settings to prevent malaria transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabrielle Jones, Carolina Silva Nodari, Laëtitia Fabre, Henriette de Valk, Harold Noel, Aurélie Cointe, Stéphane Bonacorsi, François-Xavier Weill, Yann Le Strat
{"title":"Lessons from 5 Years of Routine Whole-Genome Sequencing for Epidemiologic Surveillance of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli, France, 2018–2022","authors":"Gabrielle Jones, Carolina Silva Nodari, Laëtitia Fabre, Henriette de Valk, Harold Noel, Aurélie Cointe, Stéphane Bonacorsi, François-Xavier Weill, Yann Le Strat","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241950","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is routine for surveillance of Shiga toxin–producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> human isolates in France. Protocols use EnteroBase hierarchical clustering at <span><</span>5 allelic differences (HC5) as screening for cluster detection. We assessed current implementation after 5 years for 1,002 sequenced isolates. From genomic distances of serotypes O26:H11, O157:H7, O80:H2, and O103:H2, we determined statistical thresholds for cluster determination and compared those with HC5 clusters. Thresholds varied by serotype, 5–16 allelic distances and 15–20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, showing limits of a single-threshold approach. We confirmed validity of HC5 screening for 3 serotypes because statistical thresholds had limited effect on isolate clustering (high sensitivity and specificity). For O80:H2, results suggest that HC5 is less reliable, and other approaches should be explored. Public health officials should regularly assess WGS used for Shiga toxin–producing <em>E. coli</em> surveillance to account for serotype and genomic evolution and to interpret WGS-linked isolates in light of epidemiologic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patiyan Andersson, Sally Dougall, Karolina Mercoulia, Kristy A. Horan, Torsten Seemann, Jake A. Lacey, Tuyet Hoang, Lex E.X. Leong, David Speers, Louise Cooley, Karina Kennedy, Rob Baird, Rikki Graham, Qinning Wang, Avram Levy, Dimitrios Menouhos, Norelle L. Sherry, Susan A. Ballard, Vitali Sintchenko, Amy V. Jennison, Benjamin P. Howden
{"title":"Effects of Decentralized Sequencing on National Listeria monocytogenes Genomic Surveillance, Australia, 2016–2023","authors":"Patiyan Andersson, Sally Dougall, Karolina Mercoulia, Kristy A. Horan, Torsten Seemann, Jake A. Lacey, Tuyet Hoang, Lex E.X. Leong, David Speers, Louise Cooley, Karina Kennedy, Rob Baird, Rikki Graham, Qinning Wang, Avram Levy, Dimitrios Menouhos, Norelle L. Sherry, Susan A. Ballard, Vitali Sintchenko, Amy V. Jennison, Benjamin P. Howden","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We assessed turnaround times in the national <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> genomic surveillance system in Australia before and after decentralized sequencing. Using 1,204 samples collected during 2016–2023, we observed statistically significant reductions in median time from sample collection to issuance of national genomic surveillance report to 26 days, despite sample numbers doubling in 2022 and 2023. During 2016–2018, all jurisdictions referred samples to the National Listeria Reference Laboratory for sequencing and analysis, but as jurisdictional sequencing capacity increased, 4 jurisdictions transitioned to sequencing their own samples and referring sequence data to the national laboratory. One jurisdiction had well-established genomics capacity, transitioned without noticeable disruption, and continued to improve. Another 3 jurisdictions initially had increased turnaround times, highlighting the need for defined sequence referral mechanisms. Overall, timeliness and throughput improved, and sequencing decentralization strengthened Australia’s genomic surveillance system while maintaining timeliness. The practices described could be beneficial and achievable in other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Marie France, Camden J. Hallmark, Nivedha Panneer, Rachael Billock, Olivia O. Russell, Mary Plaster, Jessica Alberti, Fathima Nuthan, Neeraja Saduvala, David Philpott, M. Cheryl Bañez Ocfemia, Scott Cope, Angela L. Hernandez, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Joel O. Wertheim, Steven Weaver, Saja Khader, Kevin Johnson, Alexandra M. Oster
{"title":"Nationwide Implementation of HIV Molecular Cluster Detection by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and State and Local Health Departments, United States","authors":"Anne Marie France, Camden J. Hallmark, Nivedha Panneer, Rachael Billock, Olivia O. Russell, Mary Plaster, Jessica Alberti, Fathima Nuthan, Neeraja Saduvala, David Philpott, M. Cheryl Bañez Ocfemia, Scott Cope, Angela L. Hernandez, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Joel O. Wertheim, Steven Weaver, Saja Khader, Kevin Johnson, Alexandra M. Oster","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detecting and responding to clusters of rapid HIV transmission is a core HIV prevention strategy in the United States, guiding public health interventions and identifying gaps in prevention and care services. In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated molecular cluster detection using data from 27 jurisdictions. During 2016–2023, CDC expanded sequence reporting nationwide and deployed Secure HIV-TRACE, an application supporting health department (HD) molecular cluster detection. CDC conducts molecular cluster detection quarterly; state and local HDs analyze local data monthly. HDs began routinely reporting clusters to CDC by using cluster report forms in 2020. During 2018–2023, CDC identified 404 molecular clusters of rapid HIV transmission; 325 (80%) involved multiple jurisdictions. During 2020–2023, HDs reported 298 molecular clusters to CDC; 249 were first detected by HDs. Expanding molecular cluster detection has provided a foundation for improving service delivery to networks experiencing rapid HIV transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler Lloyd, Sana M. Khan, Dustin Heaton, Munira Shemsu, Vici Varghese, Jay Graham, Misha Gregory, Penny Dorfman, Megan Talton, Jessica DeVol, Kavita K. Trivedi, Nicola F. Müller
{"title":"Genomic Modeling of an Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei, California, USA, 2023–2024","authors":"Tyler Lloyd, Sana M. Khan, Dustin Heaton, Munira Shemsu, Vici Varghese, Jay Graham, Misha Gregory, Penny Dorfman, Megan Talton, Jessica DeVol, Kavita K. Trivedi, Nicola F. Müller","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the detection of a <em>Shigella sonnei</em> outbreak from a small investigation in the San Francisco Bay area, California, USA, in 2024. By combining outbreak investigation with genomic sequencing, we show the utility of phylodynamics to aid outbreak investigations of bacterial pathogens by state or local public health departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph S. Wirth, Molly M. Leeper, Peyton A. Smith, Michael Vasser, Lee S. Katz, Eshaw Vidyaprakash, Heather A. Carleton, Jessica C. Chen
{"title":"Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Associated with Multiple Sources, United States","authors":"Joseph S. Wirth, Molly M. Leeper, Peyton A. Smith, Michael Vasser, Lee S. Katz, Eshaw Vidyaprakash, Heather A. Carleton, Jessica C. Chen","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.240686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.240686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, Shiga toxin–producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) outbreaks cause >265,000 infections and cost $280 million annually. We investigated REPEXH01, a persistent strain of STEC O157:H7 associated with multiple sources, including romaine lettuce and recreational water, that has caused multiple outbreaks since emerging in late 2015. By comparing the genomes of 729 REPEXH01 isolates with those of 2,027 other STEC O157:H7 isolates, we identified a highly conserved, single base pair deletion in <em>espW</em> that was strongly linked to REPEXH01 membership. The biological consequence of that deletion remains unclear; further studies are needed to elucidate its role in REPEXH01. Additional analyses revealed that REPEXH01 isolates belonged to Manning clade 8; possessed the toxins <em>stx2a</em>, <em>stx2c</em>, or both; were predicted to be resistant to several antimicrobial compounds; and possessed a diverse set of plasmids. Those factors underscore the need to continue monitoring REPEXH01 and clarify aspects contributing to its emergence and persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven Van Borm, Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Claudia Bachofen, Ashley C. Banyard, Cathrine Arnason Bøe, François-Xavier Briand, Zuzana Dirbakova, Marc Engelsma, Alice Fusaro, Evelien Germeraad, Britt Gjerset, Béatrice Grasland, Frank Harders, Pierre Hostyn, Ari Kauppinen, Bénédicte Lambrecht, Benjamin C. Mollett, Isabella Monne, Alexander Nagy, Anne Pohlmann, Daniel Polzer, Scott M. Reid, Sandra Revilla-Fernandez, Mieke Steensels, Michaela Stätter, Edyta Swieton, Niina Tammiranta, Michele Wyler, Bianca Zecchin, Siamak Zohari, Simon Dellicour
{"title":"Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe","authors":"Steven Van Borm, Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Claudia Bachofen, Ashley C. Banyard, Cathrine Arnason Bøe, François-Xavier Briand, Zuzana Dirbakova, Marc Engelsma, Alice Fusaro, Evelien Germeraad, Britt Gjerset, Béatrice Grasland, Frank Harders, Pierre Hostyn, Ari Kauppinen, Bénédicte Lambrecht, Benjamin C. Mollett, Isabella Monne, Alexander Nagy, Anne Pohlmann, Daniel Polzer, Scott M. Reid, Sandra Revilla-Fernandez, Mieke Steensels, Michaela Stätter, Edyta Swieton, Niina Tammiranta, Michele Wyler, Bianca Zecchin, Siamak Zohari, Simon Dellicour","doi":"10.3201/eid3106.241870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3106.241870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Europe in November 2023. Six of its RNA segments came from the EA-2021-AB genotype, but the polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments originated from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Discrete phylogeographic analyses of concatenated genomes and single polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments suggested reassortment in summer 2023 near the southwestern Baltic Sea. Subsequent continuous phylogeographic analysis of all concatenated EA-2023-DG genomes highlighted circulation in northwestern Europe until June 2024 and long-distance dispersal toward France, Norway, England, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Austria. Those results illustrate the value of phylodynamic approaches to investigate emergence of novel avian influenza virus variants, trace their subsequent dispersal history, and provide vital clues for informing outbreak prevention and intervention policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Brock, Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza, Jessica A. Belser, Claudia Pappas, Xiangjie Sun, Troy J. Kieran, Hui Zeng, Juan A. De La Cruz, Yasuko Hatta, Han Di, C. Todd Davis, Terrence M. Tumpey, Taronna R. Maines
{"title":"Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Isolated from Dairy Farm Worker, Michigan","authors":"Nicole Brock, Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza, Jessica A. Belser, Claudia Pappas, Xiangjie Sun, Troy J. Kieran, Hui Zeng, Juan A. De La Cruz, Yasuko Hatta, Han Di, C. Todd Davis, Terrence M. Tumpey, Taronna R. Maines","doi":"10.3201/eid3106.250386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3106.250386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Influenza A(H5N1) viruses have been detected in US dairy cow herds since 2024. We assessed the pathogenesis, transmission, and airborne release of A/Michigan/90/2024, an H5N1 isolate from a dairy farm worker in Michigan, in the ferret model. Results show this virus caused airborne transmission with moderate pathogenicity, including limited extrapulmonary spread, without lethality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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