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Effects of Oxygen Defects in Zr Oxide-Based Thin Films on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media 氧化锆基薄膜中氧缺陷对酸性介质中氧还原反应的影响
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11204.0343ecst
Yuri Watanabe, Koichi Matsuzawa, Ryuji Monden, Takaaki Nagai, Akimitsu Ishihara
{"title":"Effects of Oxygen Defects in Zr Oxide-Based Thin Films on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media","authors":"Yuri Watanabe, Koichi Matsuzawa, Ryuji Monden, Takaaki Nagai, Akimitsu Ishihara","doi":"10.1149/11204.0343ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11204.0343ecst","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconium oxide thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering as model catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media. The effects of sputtering conditions on ORR activity in acidic media was investigated. The effect of the deposition temperature on the ORR activity depended on whether the deposition atmosphere contained oxygen (Ar+O 2 , Ar+N 2 +O 2 ) or only nitrogen (Ar+N 2 ). In the range of 300-800 °C of the deposition temperature, the electrodes prepared in an Ar+N 2 showed higher ORR activity. XRD and XPS results showed that the tetragonal phase grew in an Ar+N 2 atmosphere, while a mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic phases grew in an Ar+O 2 atmosphere. It was found that Zr oxide thin film with a high proportion of tetragonal phase showed high ORR activity.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Invited) On Degradation Mechanisms of Ni-YSZ Fuel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells (特邀)Ni-YSZ燃料电极在固体氧化物电池中的降解机理
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11205.0071ecst
Mogens Bjerg Mogensen, Gurli Mogensen
{"title":"(Invited) On Degradation Mechanisms of Ni-YSZ Fuel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells","authors":"Mogens Bjerg Mogensen, Gurli Mogensen","doi":"10.1149/11205.0071ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11205.0071ecst","url":null,"abstract":"This is a continuation of a series of articles by the principal author on degradation of Ni-YSZ cermet electrodes. This one gives a brief listing of the main aspects and in particular of the disagreements in literature on the long term degradation mechanisms of Ni-YSZ electrodes at high current density. Two main hypotheses are presented, and the weaknesses and strengths are briefly discussed. Recommendations for alleviation of the degradation are given as well as for needed experiments in the future.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrosion Behaviour of Ni-Based Alloys 230, 617 and 601 in CO2 Gas at 750 and 850°C 镍基合金230、617和601在750和850℃CO2气体中的腐蚀行为
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11205.0003ecst
Haoyi Li, Thuan Nguyen, Jianqiang Zhang, David Young
{"title":"Corrosion Behaviour of Ni-Based Alloys 230, 617 and 601 in CO<sub>2</sub> Gas at 750 and 850°C","authors":"Haoyi Li, Thuan Nguyen, Jianqiang Zhang, David Young","doi":"10.1149/11205.0003ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11205.0003ecst","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated corrosion behaviors of three nickel-based chromia-forming commercial alloys (230, 617 and 601) at 750°C and 850°C in a CO 2 environment for up to 500 h. All three alloys showed good oxidation resistance by forming mainly a protective chromia layer with low weight changes. Internal Al 2 O 3 was precipitated beneath a thin protective chromia layer for all cases. For 230 and 617 alloys, NiO and Cr-rich spinel outer layers were formed, but for 601 less iron and nickel outward diffusion was observed at both temperatures. Furthermore, some minor alloy elements (Mn, Ti, and Co) were observed to diffuse into the chromia layers.Wagner’s theory predicted that alloy concentrations were marginal for chromia formation at both temperatures for the test alloys. The observation of protective chromia formation can be attributed to the effect of other alloying elements, e.g. Al, Mn, Ti, Si etc. Wagner’s theory also predicted that this critical chromium concentration decreased with increasing the oxidation temperature, which is consistent with the experimental observation.The Al and Si oxides formed an additional protective barrier between the matrix and the chromia layer, preventing the diffusion of iron and nickel outwards and therefore increasing oxidation resistance. Manganese effectively prevented carburization by combining with chromia to form the outermost spinel oxide layer, increasing oxidation/carburisation resistance. Titanium diffused through the chromia layer, accelerating chromium diffusion and leading to higher kinetic rates. Tungsten reduced oxidation resistance by increasing the metal vacancies and therefore outward diffusion of Ni, Fe and Mn through the chromia scale.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visualization of Oxygen Bubbles on a Flat Ionomer-Coated Platinum Electrode 平面离聚物铂电极上氧气泡的可视化
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11204.0463ecst
Hideki Suwa, Ryo Kanemoto, Kohei Toyama, Sota Kishi, Takuto Araki
{"title":"Visualization of Oxygen Bubbles on a Flat Ionomer-Coated Platinum Electrode","authors":"Hideki Suwa, Ryo Kanemoto, Kohei Toyama, Sota Kishi, Takuto Araki","doi":"10.1149/11204.0463ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11204.0463ecst","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), it is necessary to grasp oxygen transport from the reaction site. This paper presents a visualization study which examines the effect of ionomers on the behavior of oxygen bubbles generated from catalyst covered with ionomers. The bubbles are captured with a high-speed camera, and the post visualization by electron microscopy with EDX showed that there were no significant cracks and damages on the ionomers. This implies that oxygen bubbles are generated on the ionomer surface without an apparent three-phase boundary (i.e., catalyst-ionomer-water). This suggests oxygen generated on the Pt surface was transported as dissolved oxygen through the ionomer layer.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liquid Water Permeability in a Hydrophobic Microporous Layer for the Anode Interdigitated Flow Field of a Gas-Liquid Separating Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer 疏水微孔层中液态水在气液分离聚合物电解质膜式电解槽阳极交叉流场中的渗透性
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11204.0207ecst
Shunji Kubota, Hironori Nakajima, Motohiko Sato, Asuka Shima, Masato Sakurai, Yoshitsugu Sone
{"title":"Liquid Water Permeability in a Hydrophobic Microporous Layer for the Anode Interdigitated Flow Field of a Gas-Liquid Separating Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer","authors":"Shunji Kubota, Hironori Nakajima, Motohiko Sato, Asuka Shima, Masato Sakurai, Yoshitsugu Sone","doi":"10.1149/11204.0207ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11204.0207ecst","url":null,"abstract":"A novel interdigitated flow field for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers composed of oxygen exhaust channels apart from liquid water feed channels has been developed for ground and space applications. This design can internally separate oxygen gas and liquid water between the flow channels, dispensing with water circulators for bubble removal and external separators with natural or centrifugal buoyancy. In this electrolyzer, pressurized liquid water is injected in the in-plane direction from the water channels to the catalyst layer through the hydrophobic microporous layer (MPL) of the anode porous transport layer. The produced oxygen gas is discharged in the through-plane direction of the MPL, taking advantage of the capillary pressure in the MPL. This study conducted liquid water permeability tests on the MPL with pressurized water. We find gradual permeability decreases with time for different liquid water pressures. The permeability will be a useful parameter for the optimal structural designs of this electrolyzer.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of MEAs Using Mesoporous Carbon Fibers as Cathode Carbon Supports 介孔碳纤维作为阴极碳载体的MEAs研究进展
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11204.0405ecst
Daichi Yasufuku, Kazunari Sasaki, Akari Hayashi
{"title":"Development of MEAs Using Mesoporous Carbon Fibers as Cathode Carbon Supports","authors":"Daichi Yasufuku, Kazunari Sasaki, Akari Hayashi","doi":"10.1149/11204.0405ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11204.0405ecst","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous carbon fibers were synthesized and ball-milled into fine carbon particles to use as cathode carbon support. A critical issue of high ohmic overvoltage, previously found in mesoporous carbon related supports, was successfully reduced. Reducing carbon particle size was realized to be important in order to lower interparticle resistance and further to lower ohmic resistance. When cathodes were successfully prepared, low concentration overvoltage was found to a beneficial point of using mesoporous carbon based supports. Resulting low concentration overvoltage could not be explained by the difference in macro-porous structure of the cathode. Therefore, mesopores are expected to play an important role of the mass transfer, even though the exact mechanism is still under the study.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Invited) Characteristics of GaN/High-k Capacitors Under Positive Bias Stress (特邀)GaN/高k电容器在正偏置应力下的特性
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11201.0109ecst
Toshihide Nabatame, Tomomi Sawada, Yoshihiro Irokawa, Yasuo Koide, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
{"title":"(Invited) Characteristics of GaN/High-k Capacitors Under Positive Bias Stress","authors":"Toshihide Nabatame, Tomomi Sawada, Yoshihiro Irokawa, Yasuo Koide, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi","doi":"10.1149/11201.0109ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11201.0109ecst","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated characteristics of the Hf 0.55 Al 0.45 O x MOS capacitor (HfAlO) under a high sweep voltage and positive bias stress (PBS). The role of a 0.5nm-thick HfO 2 (HfO/HfAlO) or a 0.5nm-thick Al 2 O 3 (AlO/HfAlO) interfacial layer (IL) between n-GaN and Hf 0.55 Al 0.45 O x film on electrical properties was also discussed. The HfAlO, HfO/HfAlO and AlO/HfAlO capacitors showed a similar leakage current property. Each flatband voltage (V fb ) exhibited the same value against electric field (E) from V fb . No V fb hysteresis of all capacitors was observed at high Es from V fb up to 3.5MVcm -1 . Under PBS, the positive V fb shift appeared in all capacitors and increased with increasing the E from V fb . Note that the positive V fb shift suppressed 0.3V regardless of IL even in high effective electric field from V fb regions of 10~15MVcm -1 while the positive V fb shift of the Al 2 O 3 capacitor significantly increased above 0.5V at a low 6.5MVcm -1 .","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack and Start Strategy Optimization with a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm 质子交换膜燃料电池堆建模及多目标遗传算法启动策略优化
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11204.0243ecst
Zhao Liu, Hui Cui Chen, Tong Zhang, Thomas von Unwerth, Carmen Meuser
{"title":"Modeling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack and Start Strategy Optimization with a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Zhao Liu, Hui Cui Chen, Tong Zhang, Thomas von Unwerth, Carmen Meuser","doi":"10.1149/11204.0243ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11204.0243ecst","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for optimizing the startup strategy of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack to improve the dynamic response capability, output voltage, and net power. First, a Simulink model of the PEMFC stack including the anode module, cathode module, water transfer module, output voltage module, and output net power module is established, and the accuracy of the stack model is verified through experiments. The three performances are then optimized simultaneously based on NSGA-II. The results show that the optimized start-up loading strategy results in a PEMFC stack that outperforms the base model in steady-state voltage, undershoot percent, and net power these three indicators with the same response time, demonstrating the success of the method in solving multiple optimization problems. This study presents an effective approach for the multi-objective optimization of the PEMFC stack, which is of guidance for engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Edge Water Penetration at Hydrophilic Bonding Interface 亲水性键合界面边水渗透的红外光谱研究
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11203.0031ecst
Paul Noël, Vincent Larrey, Christophe Morales, Francois Rieutord, Didier Landru, Frank Fournel
{"title":"Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Edge Water Penetration at Hydrophilic Bonding Interface","authors":"Paul Noël, Vincent Larrey, Christophe Morales, Francois Rieutord, Didier Landru, Frank Fournel","doi":"10.1149/11203.0031ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11203.0031ecst","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we report on the use of a new characterization technique to measure the water penetration at the bonding interfaces and to quantify it. This complements previous studies done using X-ray reflectometry and surface acoustic microscopy: Fourier Transform Infra-Red Multiple Internal Reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectroscopy is used here to characterize the evolutions of contributions of silanols, surface bonded water and free liquid water groups.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Study on Electrochemical Properties of Fuel-Electrode-Supported Reversible Solid Oxide Cells 燃料电极支撑可逆固体氧化物电池的电化学性能研究
ECS Transactions Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1149/11205.0141ecst
Ryota Ozaki, Kei Yamada, Kazutaka Ikegawa, Tsutomu Kawabata, Chie Uryu, Yuya Tachikawa, Junko Matsuda, Kazunari Sasaki
{"title":"A Study on Electrochemical Properties of Fuel-Electrode-Supported Reversible Solid Oxide Cells","authors":"Ryota Ozaki, Kei Yamada, Kazutaka Ikegawa, Tsutomu Kawabata, Chie Uryu, Yuya Tachikawa, Junko Matsuda, Kazunari Sasaki","doi":"10.1149/11205.0141ecst","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/11205.0141ecst","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible solid oxide cells (r-SOCs) enable both fuel cell power generation and steam-electrolysis hydrogen production by changing the direction of the current in the cells. They are attractive electrochemical devices because of their ability to regulate power supply derived from renewable energy sources. In this study, initial performance was evaluated, and an electrolyte-supported cell and fuel-electrode-supported cells were compared and evaluated with changing operating temperatures. The performances for fuel-electrode-supported cells with various combinations of fuel electrode and electrolyte materials were also evaluated. In addition, the Ni-YSZ/YSZ fuel-electrode-supported cell, which exhibited the highest current-voltage characteristics, was subjected to r-SOC cycling tests to evaluate the cycle durability.","PeriodicalId":11473,"journal":{"name":"ECS Transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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