ecancermedicalscience最新文献

{"title":"The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric/gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas - real-world evidence and the use of alternative dosing.","authors":"Aditya Dhanawat, Mehak Trikha, Manan Vora, Himanshu Gujarathi, Vikas Ostwal, Prabhat Bhargava, Rajiv Kaushal, Anant Ramaswamy","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have an established role in Microsatellite-Instability-High (MSI-H) and Combined Positive Score (CPS) high advanced gastric/gastroesophageal (G/GE) adenocarcinomas, but there is limited real world data with regard to practice patterns, and efficacy of standard doses (SD-ICIs) and alternative lower doses (LD-ICIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of patients with advanced G/GE adenocarcinomas receiving ICIs was conducted. The primary endpoint of the study was 12-month overall survival (OS), which was computed by Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 91 patients were available for analysis during the study period. Seventy-four patients (81%) received nivolumab, while the remaining received pembrolizumab. Fifteen patients (16%) had MSI-H status and had a 12-month OS of 60% and median OS of 15 months (median follow-up - 38.3 months). In the Microsatellite-Stable (MSS) cohort (84%; <i>n</i> = 76), ICIs (combined with chemotherapy) were used predominantly in pre-treated patients (54%; <i>n</i> = 41). Patients with CPS ≥5 (72%; <i>n</i> = 55) had improved survival compared to patients with CPS <5 (28%; <i>n</i> = 21) (12-month OS: 52% <i>vs</i>. 26%; Median OS: 12.8 months <i>vs</i>. 3.2 months; <i>p</i> = 0.005). There was no difference in survival between patients who received SD-ICIs (54%; <i>n</i> = 41) and LD-ICIs (46%; <i>n</i> = 35) (12-month OS: 42% <i>vs</i>. 48%; Median OS: 8.7 months <i>vs</i>. 11 months; <i>p</i> = 0.44).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinomas in the real world predominantly received ICIs during later lines of therapy as opposed to first line therapy. Using a CPS cutoff of ≥5 as opposed to CPS <5 predicts for improved survivals in MSS patients and patients receiving low dose ICIs have similar survival outcomes to patients receiving standard dose ICIs within the confines of a heterogenous study cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer screening uptake by women from India's largest state Uttar Pradesh: district-wise analysis from the fifth round of National Family Health Survey (2019-2021).","authors":"Priyal Chakravarti, Kamalesh Kumar Patel, Atul Budukh, Divya Khanna, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Satyajit Pradhan, Rajesh Dikshit, Rajendra Badwe","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Government of India (GOI) has launched a nationwide cervical, breast and oral cancer prevention and control program. However, the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), a nationwide survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), GOI, has shown concerning results on screening uptake by both men and women across India. This study was conducted to describe the uptake of cancer screening by women residing in Uttar Pradesh (UP), the largest state of India. We analyzed NFHS-5 data available in public domain to determine the number of women (aged 30-49 years) participating in cancer screening across the 71 districts in UP state. We utilized population projections for the year 2021 provided by the population projections for India and states for calculating the number of women. The district-wise estimation was done using a projection of district-level annual population. Although the GOI has made screening available for common cancers, NFHS-5 results indicated that the screening uptake among women aged 30-49 years is a cause for concern. The data revealed less than 1% of women underwent screening, and some of the districts showed no screening uptake. GOI has laid down a framework for cancer screening; however, poor participation among women calls for research to understand the barriers to cancer screening and to develop interventions to address these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity on survival outcomes of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in Lagos, Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Kehinde S Okunade, Olukayode O Akinmola, Temitope V Adekanye, Akhenamen Packson, Hameed Adelabu, Olufemi Thomas-Ogodo, Austin C Okoro, Chinelo Okoye, Rose I Anorlu","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a major contributor to cancer-related illness and death among women worldwide. Obesity, a prevalent condition in many populations, has been implicated as a risk factor for various malignancies including EOC.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the impact of obesity on survival outcomes among women with advanced EOC in Lagos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient medical records from a major gynaecological cancer unit of a teaching hospital in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria, to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m² as a measure of obesity, and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We used Kaplan-Meier analysis stratified by patients' BMI categories (obese versus non-obese) and compared using the Log Rank test to estimate PFS and OS. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of the associations between the BMI categories and survival outcomes while adjusting for all confounding clinicopathologic variables. Hypothesis tests were conducted using a two-tailed approach with a significance level of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed no statistically significant association between obesity and PFS (adjusted HR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.36-1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.282). However, a significant association was observed between obesity with or without ascites and OS (adjusted HR = 3.58, 95% confidence interval 1.28-10.02, <i>p</i> = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that obesity negatively impacts OS in patients with EOC, thus highlighting the need to address obesity in the management of EOC by introducing comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches incorporating weight management and personalized treatment strategies to enhance the prognosis of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, risk factors and the prognostic role of thromboembolic events (TEEs) amongst patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD): a retrospective, single-center analysis.","authors":"Cícero Gonzaga Santos, Francisco de Assis Maia, Marcos Pedro Guedes Camandaroba, Victor Hugo Fonseca de Jesus","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thromboembolic events (TEEs) are frequent among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We set out to estimate the incidence and establish predictive risk factors for TEE and estimate the impact of TEEs on the overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic PAAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective, single-center study. We included patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PAAD with distant metastases treated at AC Camargo Cancer Center from 2016 to 2021. We used the competitive risk survival models to estimate the cumulative incidence of TEE. Risk factors for the development of TEEs were evaluated using the competitive risk and logistic regression models. The impact of TEEs on OS was assessed using both landmark and time-dependent covariate Cox survival analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population consists of 199 patients. The cumulative incidence of TEEs in 1, 6 and 24 months were 10.1%, 19.3% and 30.2%, respectively. Log₁₀(CA 19-9) was the only factor independently associated with increased risk of TEEs in the logistic regression (Odds ratio = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.00-1.06; <i>p</i> = 0.030) and competitive risk survival (Subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.14; 95%CI, 1.02-1.27; <i>p</i> = 0.019) models. In the landmark analysis, early TEEs (within 1 month of diagnosis) were not associated with inferior OS. In the time-dependent covariate Cox proportional hazard model, TEEs were not found to be statistically associated with inferior OS, although there was a trend towards it (Hazard ratio = 1.59; 95%CI, 0.99-2.54; <i>p</i> = 0.051).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TEEs occur in a large fraction of patients with metastatic PAAD. Statistical models with higher predictive performance are currently needed. For the time being, consideration for prophylactic anticoagulation should be done on an individual basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in self-collected samples among women attending antenatal care in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Isabel Runge, Johanna M A Klein, Ann-Katrin Pannen, Semaw Abera, Tariku Wakuma, Yirgu Gebrehiwot, Susanne Unverzagt, Andreas Wienke, Christoph Thomssen, Andreas M Kaufmann, Ahmedin Jemal, Tamrat Abebe, Dana Holzinger, Tim Waterboer, Daniela Höfler, Adamu Addissie, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in Ethiopia. However, data are limited on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Self-sampled vaginal lavages were obtained consecutively from 783 women attending 7 health facilities across Ethiopia. Genotype prevalence was assessed by Multiplex-Papillomavirus-Genotyping which detects and individually identifies 51 genotypes and 3 subtypes. Genotype-specific prevalence was described and associations with known risk factors were analysed. The overall HPV prevalence (age range 18-45) was 33.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29.8-36.4). The prevalence of HPV was different in the rural and urban population with 17.6% (95%CI 11.6-23.7) and 36.8% (95%CI 33.1-40.6) (p < 0.001 chi-square test), respectively. The most common high-risk types were HPV 16 (6.6%), followed by HPV 52 (4.3%), 51 and 39 (both 2.9%). Urban women compared to rural women had a higher risk of being HPV positive (odds ratio 2.36 (95% CI 1.47-3.79; p < 0.001). Age at sexual debut ≤15 years and polygamous husband (in urban women) also increased the risk of being HPV positive nearly two-fold. The high prevalence of hr-HPV in Ethiopian women in the reproductive age group shows the need for screening programs. The nonavalent HPV vaccine covers the most prevalent hr-HPV genotypes as found in this study and can therefore be used effectively. Since antenatal care is the best-utilised health service, implementing self-sampled vaginal lavage could be an opportunity for screening in this age group. Screening algorithms and triage still need to be defined to avoid over-treatment in these women.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical factors associated with survival in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer in Argentina.","authors":"Luis Basbus, Sergio Specterman, Lorena Lupinacci, Federico Cayol","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detecting mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for treatment selection due to the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in these patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe the prevalence and identify factors associated with survival in stage IV lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response rate in stage IV lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 771 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2017 and 2021 at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were analysed. The prevalence of EGFR mutations was 18% (139), with a median follow-up of 30 months. Of these, 118 were treated with EGFR TKIs, with a higher objective response rate observed with osimertinib compared to first or second-generation TKIs. Adverse prognostic factors included an ECOG performance status greater than 1, uncommon mutations, high disease burden and the presence of brain or hepatic metastases. Osimertinib was associated with a reduced risk of progression or death, even after adjusting for these prognostic factors. The median PFS was 13 months, with a significant OS difference between patients treated with osimertinib versus first or second-generation inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the importance of EGFR mutation detection in stage IV lung cancer patients and supports the need for personalised therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients treated with high dose rate prostate brachytherapy in Nigeria.","authors":"Abbas A Abdus-Salam, Mutiu A Jimoh, Ayorinde M Folasire, Atara I Ntekim, Olabisi T Ojo, Chiamaka G Ehiedu, Sikiru A Yusuf, Augustine O Takure, Bidemi I Akinlade, Olusola K Idowu, Afolabi A Oladeji, Foluke O Sarimiye, Adeniyi A Adenipekun","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in adult males. High dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) recently became available in the country for the management of localized prostate cancer in addition to other treatment modalities. HDRB offers a less invasive option to radical prostatectomy and also has a better side effects profile.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report the socio-demographic features of the patients treated with HDRB, the clinicopathologic pattern of their disease and possible predictors of these features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer, who had HDRB at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between July 2020 and 2023 was done. Patients' socio-demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were extracted from their treatment records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 73 patients had HDRB within the period under review. The median age was 66 years (51-78 years). About 40% had prostate cancer diagnosed following routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. The median screening PSA was 20.5 ng/mL (5.83-75.35 ng/mL). About a quarter (24.7%) were asymptomatic at presentation while frequency (60.3%), nocturia (45.2%) and urgency (35.6%) were the most common symptoms. The median initial PSA was 26.00 ng/mL (5.10-124.50 ng/mL) and the median PSA before brachytherapy was 6.25 ng/mL (0.03-175.30 ng/mL), the majority (75.3%) had androgen deprivation therapy before brachytherapy. Forty-seven patients (64.4%) presented with TNM stages 1 and 2 while grade group 2 (24.7%) and high risk (76.7%) were the commonest grade group and risk group, respectively. There was a significant association between age group and TNM stage (<i>p</i> = 0.043), level of education (LOE) and TNM stage (<i>p</i> = 0.037) as well as PSA screening and grade group (<i>p</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of the patients who presented for prostate brachytherapy were elderly, had higher initial PSA, were in the high-risk group and had early-stage disease. About 25% of the patients were asymptomatic at presentation. Patients with tertiary LOE and elderly patients presented more with stage 1 and 2 diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and feasibility of implementing thermal ablation as a preventive cervical cancer treatment and the comparison of treatment outcome with cryotherapy in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Malvern Munjoma, Stephano Gudukeya, Jabulani Mavudze, Charity Chipfumbu, Hanul Choi, Tafara Moga, Blessing Mutede, Staci Leuschner, Noah Taruberekera","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and background: </strong>Thermal ablation, a technique that destroys precancerous cervical cells by extreme heat or cold, is predominantly used as a preventive cervical cancer treatment modality in high-income countries. Compared to other treatment methods thermal ablation has numerous advantages in its portability, minimal electricity use and comparable treatment rates, which is convenient for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, it is important to understand acceptability among providers and clients and the feasibility of achieving comparable treatment outcomes with other methods in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We conducted a prospective longitudinal, open-label two-arm study from June 2021 to April 2022 at seven health delivery points. In this study, 182 clients were enrolled to receive preventive cancer treatment at baseline and followed up 6 months later to measure treatment outcomes and experiences on the procedure. Eligible consented clients were elected to a preferred method (either thermal ablation as an intervention or cryotherapy as a control group). We also conducted qualitative interviews with 14 service providers in either static or outreach settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the 6-month follow-up, the efficacy was comparable among the two groups, 96.5% (95% CI 86.7%-99.1%) clients in the intervention group had successful lesion treatment rate compared to 80.8% (95% CI 69.9%-99.1%) of the control group. Furthermore, 99% of clients in the intervention group would recommend thermal ablation to their family members or peers. Service providers preferred thermal ablation due to its ease of use, lower costs, portability and lower likelihood of adverse events compared to cryotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed the feasibility of implementing thermal ablation as a new preventive cervical cancer treatment modality in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, service providers indicated their preference for thermal ablation due to its ease of use, portability at static settings and lower likelihood of adverse events occurrence. Therefore, we recommend scaling up thermal ablation both at static and outreach sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Addressing HPV vaccine hesitancy: unveiling concerns and building trust' perspectives of adolescent girls and parents in Kisumu County, Kenya.","authors":"Edwin Onyango Ochomo, Philiph Tonui, Kapten Muthoka, Sayo Amboka, Peter Itsura, Elkanah Omenge Orang'o, Barry Rosen, Patrick Loehrer, Susan Cu-Uvin","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination is highly effective in preventing vaccine-targeted HPV infection. However, low HPV vaccination coverage in Kisumu County, Kenya, at about 10% for the first dose, highlights the critical issue of vaccine hesitancy, particularly in low and middle-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explores the concerns, myths and barriers to HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls (aged 10-14) enrolled at human immune-deficiency virus comprehensive care clinics and their parents in Kisumu County. Focused group discussions were conducted with 48 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Content analysis revealed limited knowledge about the HPV vaccine and widespread misconceptions regarding its safety and efficacy. Financial constraints, injection fears and negative clinic experiences emerged as additional barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings emphasise the role of effective communication strategies, including engaging parents through written materials and involving them in decision-making, to dispel myths, provide accurate information and encourage HPV vaccination. Collaborative efforts with community stakeholders are crucial to improve vaccine coverage and ultimately reduce the cervical cancer burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-altered non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis and systematic literature review.","authors":"Ning Yi Yap, Komathi Perumal, Pathmanathan Rajadurai","doi":"10.3332/ecancer.2024.1734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2024.1734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is known for its oncogenic activities in diverse cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prevalence of <i>HER2</i> alterations in Malaysian NSCLC patients remains unreported. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of <i>HER2</i> mutations and amplification in a Malaysian cohort. Additionally, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the global prevalence of <i>HER2</i> alterations in NSCLC, as well as the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies observed in clinical trials. NSCLC tumour samples received from October 2019 to December 2022 for next-generation sequencing diagnostics were included in the retrospective analysis. In this patient cohort, <i>HER2</i> alteration was present in 5.8% of patients; 3.9% had <i>HER2</i> mutations, 1.5% had <i>HER2</i> amplifications and 0.4% were both <i>HER2</i>-mutated and amplified. <i>HER2</i> exon 20 insertions were the most common <i>HER2</i> variants, detected in 47/59 (79.7%) of <i>HER2</i>-mutated patients. Among cases with <i>HER2</i> exon 20 insertions, the Y772_A775dup variant was found in 34 patient samples. <i>HER2</i>-mutated patients were significantly younger than non-<i>HER2</i>-mutants (61 versus 64 years old; <i>p</i> = 0.046) and were inclined to be female and never-smokers, albeit not statistically significant. Patients with <i>HER2</i> amplification were more likely to have progressed post-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.015). The systematic review highlighted a global variation in the prevalence of <i>HER2</i> alterations in NSCLC, ranging from 0.3% to 9.1% for mutations and 0.2% to 19% for amplification. Finally, phase II clinical trials involving <i>HER2-</i>altered NSCLC patients demonstrated promising treatment outcomes with trastuzumab deruxtecan, trastuzumab emtansine, pyrotinib, pyrotinib + apatinib and trastuzumab + pertuzumab + docetaxel. In conclusion, the prevalence of <i>HER2</i> alteration among Malaysian NSCLC patients falls within the global range. A systematic review of clinical trials revealed promising treatment outcomes and Malaysian NSCLC patients with <i>HER2</i> alterations are anticipated to similarly benefit from <i>HER2</i>-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11460,"journal":{"name":"ecancermedicalscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}