East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal最新文献_第7页

The Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers and Manure on Maize Yields in South Western Kenya 磷肥和粪肥对肯尼亚西南部玉米产量的影响

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2015.1040640

J. Ademba, J. Kwach, A. Esilaba, S. Ngari

{"title":"The Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers and Manure on Maize Yields in South Western Kenya","authors":"J. Ademba, J. Kwach, A. Esilaba, S. Ngari","doi":"10.1080/00128325.2015.1040640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2015.1040640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phosphorus, nitrogen and Striga hermonthica are the major constraints to maize production in the Nyanza Province of Kenya. Field trials were conducted on-farm in Nyanza Province to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizers and manure on maize yields. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with maize as the test crop. The maize was top dressed with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) fertilizer at a uniform rate of 30 kg N/ha diammonium phosphate (DAP), Minjingu rock phosphate (MRP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizers were applied at 60 kg/ha P2O5, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t/ha and a non-phosphorus (P) treatment (control) plus lime only. Responses (P ≤ 0.01) from grain yield, total dry matter yield and harvest index to phosphate fertilizers and manure treatments were found. Nutrient uptake and removal by the crop increased (P ≤ 0.01) due to fertilizers and manure application. Phosphate fertilizers and manure application increased (P ≤ 0.01)) available soil P, agronomic phosphorus use efficiency (APUE) and Physiological P use efficiency (PPUE). The results indicate that phosphate fertilizers and manure applications are essential to improve maize yield and nutrient P use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11421,"journal":{"name":"East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87425400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Homecoming of Brachiaria: Improved Hybrids Prove Useful for African Animal Agriculture 腕足菌的回归:改良杂交证明对非洲畜牧业有用

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2015.1041263

Brigitte L. Maass, C. Midega, M. Mutimura, Volatsara Baholy Rahetlah, Paulo Salgado, Jolly M. Kabirizi, Zeyaur R. Khan, S. Ghimire, Idupulapati M. Rao

{"title":"Homecoming of Brachiaria: Improved Hybrids Prove Useful for African Animal Agriculture","authors":"Brigitte L. Maass, C. Midega, M. Mutimura, Volatsara Baholy Rahetlah, Paulo Salgado, Jolly M. Kabirizi, Zeyaur R. Khan, S. Ghimire, Idupulapati M. Rao","doi":"10.1080/00128325.2015.1041263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2015.1041263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Species of the genus Brachiaria originate primarily from Africa, where they are constituents of natural grasslands. Due to their adaptation to acidic, low-fertility soils, millions of hectares of Brachiaria species have been sown as improved pastures in South and Central America, especially B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B. decumbens cv. Basilisk. Due to B. decumbens’ susceptibility to spittlebug insect pests in the Americas, CIAT in Colombia and EMBRAPA in Brazil initiated breeding programmes in the 1980s. First cultivars released from CIAT's breeding programme – cvs. Mulato and Mulato-II – have also been investigated in African countries. They have been examined for integration in conservation agriculture systems (Madagascar), for drought and acidic soil tolerance (Rwanda) and for intercropping forages in dairy systems (Uganda, Madagascar), among others. Seed sales to African countries suggest that an area of at least 1,000 ha has been sown so far. The largest adoption of cv. Mulato-II is currently happening in eastern Africa, where it is used by over 20,000 farmers as a trap plant in the push-pull system for control of maize stem borers and parasitic Striga weed. Cv. Mulato-II's particular advantage is its relatively high crude protein content due to greater leafiness and thinner stems than those of traditional Napier grass, resulting in higher nutritive quality. Yet new pest challenges have emerged, requiring further research attention. Diverse hybrids are in the pipeline for release, among them those that are suitable for cut-and-carry systems which are prevalent in eastern Africa. This paper reviews research, development and incipient adoption of new Brachiaria hybrids in African countries.","PeriodicalId":11421,"journal":{"name":"East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal","volume":"217 1","pages":"71 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77139278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Knowledge of Livestock Grading and Market Participation among Small Ruminant Producers in Northern Somalia 索马里北部小型反刍动物生产者的牲畜分级和市场参与知识

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2015.1041261

F. Wanyoike, N. Mtimet, N. Ndiwa, Karen Marshall, L. Godiah, A. Warsame

引用次数: 16

Comparison of Production Performance and Tolerance to Helminthosis of Toggenburg and Norwegian Crossbred Goats Under Smallholder Production Systems in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚小农生产制度下托根堡山羊和挪威杂交山羊生产性能及对蠕虫病的耐受性比较

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2015.1040644

S. Chenyambuga, D. S. Shija, L. Kusiluka, F. Lekule

{"title":"Comparison of Production Performance and Tolerance to Helminthosis of Toggenburg and Norwegian Crossbred Goats Under Smallholder Production Systems in Tanzania","authors":"S. Chenyambuga, D. S. Shija, L. Kusiluka, F. Lekule","doi":"10.1080/00128325.2015.1040644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2015.1040644","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was carried out to compare the growth rate, lactation performance and tolerance to gastrointestinal nematode infection of Toggenburg and Norwegian breeds in Kongwa district, Tanzania with a semi-arid environment and Mvomero district with a sub-humid environment. Milk production of does, nematode eggs per gramme of faeces (EPG) and packed cell volume (PCV) were recorded for one year in 57 Toggenburg crosses and 72 Norwegian crosses raised by 107 small-scale farmers in the two districts. Kid body weights and mortality were recorded for 65 kids. Kid birth weights of Norwegian crosses (3.07 ± 0.13 kg) and Toggenburg crosses (2.91 ± 0.14) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The growth rate of Norwegian crossbred kids from birth to one year (54.26 ± 4.33 g/day) was lower than that of Toggenburg crossbreds (61.50 ± 4.38 g/day). Toggenburg crossbred does produced slightly higher average daily milk yield (0.81 ± 0.08 l/day) compared to Norwegian crossbred does (0.64 ± 0.09 l/day). Norwegian crosses had higher mean EPG (211.78 ± 0.02) and lower PCV (23.93 ± 0.96%) than the Toggenburg crosses (129.51 ± 0.02 EPG and 26.71 ± 0.99% PCV). It is concluded that the Toggenburg crosses are relatively better suited to the smallholder production environments in rural areas of Tanzania compared to the Norwegian crosses.","PeriodicalId":11421,"journal":{"name":"East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"18 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of postharvest calcium treatment on soluble solids, pH, 采后钙处理对可溶性固形物、pH、

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2008-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.1993.11663165

C. Njoroge, E. Kerbel

引用次数: 3

Effect of Antecedent Moisture Content and Organic Waste Amendment on the Stability of Microaggregates of Some Kenyan Soils 前含水率和有机废物处理对肯尼亚部分土壤微团聚体稳定性的影响

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2004.11663416

P. Kamau, B. Mochoge

{"title":"Effect of Antecedent Moisture Content and Organic Waste Amendment on the Stability of Microaggregates of Some Kenyan Soils","authors":"P. Kamau, B. Mochoge","doi":"10.1080/00128325.2004.11663416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2004.11663416","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increased interest in the study of soil structure because of its role in soil productivity. Most of the studies on soil structure relate the organisation of primary particles into aggregates and their resistance to water detachment (Quirk; 1978; Caron and Kay, 1982). The distinction between flocculation and aggregate stability has not always been appreciated by many researchers. According to Sharma and Tunny (1978), flocculation operates at the fundamental level of the finest clay particles and is mediated by polyvalent cations while stabilisation of aggregates results from the cementation of soil particles and aggregates by the action of organic and synthetic by-products. The role of microbial polysaccharides in stabilising clay particles even at very small quantities has also been emphasised (Foster, 1981; Rasiah et al., 1992). Most of the studies reported involve strong aggregation (aggregates that are stable to water (Harris et al, 1966; Hamblin and Greenland, 1977; Greenland et al., 1962; Rasiah et al., 1992). Little interest has been shown in evaluating factors controlling microaggregation or dispersion in soils (DeshPande et al, 1968; Krishna Murti et al., 1977; Shanmu Ganathan; Oades, 1982; Emerson, 1983; Oades, 1984; Emerson and Greenland, 1990; BenHur et al, 1992) and yet microaggregation plays an important role in crusting, surface sealing, soil permeability, infiltration characteristics, aeration, soil erosion, seedling emergence and soil productivity potential (Dong et al, 1983; Miller and Baharuddin, 1986; Loch, 1994; Le Bissonnais, 1996).","PeriodicalId":11421,"journal":{"name":"East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"23 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77950017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Formadehyde Fumigation and Fytolan Drench on the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Status of Some Forest Tree Seedlings in an Indian Nursery 甲醛熏蒸和菲托兰淋对印度苗圃部分林木幼苗囊状-丛枝菌根状况的影响

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2004.11663414

V. Sugavanam, K. Udaiyan, S. Manian

引用次数: 0

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Age at First Calving of the Kenya Sahiwal Cattle 遗传和环境对肯尼亚萨希瓦尔牛首次产犊年龄的影响

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2004.11663413

W. B. Muhuyi, A. Carles

引用次数: 2

Chemical Control Studies and Resistance to Bean Rust in Bean Germplasm 大豆种质化学防治及抗锈病研究

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2004.11663417

M.E. Omunyin, J.N. Kimamira, A. Mailu

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen Mineralisation from Filtermud, Cattle Manure, Factory Ash and Nitrogen Uptake by Maize in a Glasshouse Experiment 过滤泥、牛粪、工厂灰氮矿化与玉米氮素吸收的温室试验

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00128325.2004.11663415

R.A. Amolo, N. Karanja

{"title":"Nitrogen Mineralisation from Filtermud, Cattle Manure, Factory Ash and Nitrogen Uptake by Maize in a Glasshouse Experiment","authors":"R.A. Amolo, N. Karanja","doi":"10.1080/00128325.2004.11663415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2004.11663415","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the world energy crisis and continuing rise in cost of mineral fertilisers and questions as to their future availability and safety to environment, there is renewed interest in organic matter recycling to improve soil fertility (Wccraratna, 1979; Warren, 1992). Filtermud (FM), a by-product of white sugar manufacture, is such an organic input. It is readily available from all sugar factories in Kenya with annual production for the 10 years (1982-1991) of 187,407 t (Anon., 1991). The decomposed filtcrmud (> 6 months) contains 1.44% nitrogen (Anyango 1984), 0.77% phosphorus and 0.36% potassium (Mutanda, 1978). This would give an estimated 2670, 1429 and 668 t annually of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively from FM which could be used to partially meet the need for inorganic fertilisers. Extensive and efficient utilisation of filtcrmud would save the country foreign exchange. Mutanda (1991) reported 50% saving if filtennud was used. Decomposed filtermud has a narrow carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 17.73 (Anyango, 1984) and would perhaps have positive effect on nitrogen release.","PeriodicalId":11421,"journal":{"name":"East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85410880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0