腕足菌的回归:改良杂交证明对非洲畜牧业有用

Brigitte L. Maass, C. Midega, M. Mutimura, Volatsara Baholy Rahetlah, Paulo Salgado, Jolly M. Kabirizi, Zeyaur R. Khan, S. Ghimire, Idupulapati M. Rao
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引用次数: 53

摘要

腕足属植物主要起源于非洲,在那里它们是天然草原的组成部分。由于它们对酸性、低肥力土壤的适应性,在南美洲和中美洲,数百万公顷的Brachiaria物种被用作改良牧场,特别是B. brizantha cv。Marandu和B. decumbens等。蛇怪。由于在美洲产的瓢虫对吐虫的易感性,哥伦比亚的CIAT和巴西的EMBRAPA在20世纪80年代启动了繁殖计划。CIAT育种计划发布的首批品种- cvs。在非洲国家也对Mulato和Mulato- ii -进行了调查。对它们进行了研究,以便将它们纳入保护性农业系统(马达加斯加)、耐旱和耐酸土壤(卢旺达)以及在乳制品系统中间作饲料(乌干达、马达加斯加)等等。向非洲国家出售的种子表明,到目前为止已经播种了至少1000公顷的土地。最大的采用cv。Mulato-II目前正在东非进行,那里有2万多名农民将其用作推拉系统中的诱骗植物,以控制玉米茎蛀虫和寄生的斯特里加杂草。简历。Mulato-II的特别优势在于其相对较高的粗蛋白质含量,因为它比传统的纳匹尔草更大的叶片和更细的茎,从而获得更高的营养质量。然而,新的害虫挑战已经出现,需要进一步的研究关注。各种混合动力车正在准备发布,其中一些适用于在东非流行的切割和携带系统。本文综述了非洲国家腕足属新杂交种的研究、开发和初步采用情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Homecoming of Brachiaria: Improved Hybrids Prove Useful for African Animal Agriculture
ABSTRACT Species of the genus Brachiaria originate primarily from Africa, where they are constituents of natural grasslands. Due to their adaptation to acidic, low-fertility soils, millions of hectares of Brachiaria species have been sown as improved pastures in South and Central America, especially B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B. decumbens cv. Basilisk. Due to B. decumbens’ susceptibility to spittlebug insect pests in the Americas, CIAT in Colombia and EMBRAPA in Brazil initiated breeding programmes in the 1980s. First cultivars released from CIAT's breeding programme – cvs. Mulato and Mulato-II – have also been investigated in African countries. They have been examined for integration in conservation agriculture systems (Madagascar), for drought and acidic soil tolerance (Rwanda) and for intercropping forages in dairy systems (Uganda, Madagascar), among others. Seed sales to African countries suggest that an area of at least 1,000 ha has been sown so far. The largest adoption of cv. Mulato-II is currently happening in eastern Africa, where it is used by over 20,000 farmers as a trap plant in the push-pull system for control of maize stem borers and parasitic Striga weed. Cv. Mulato-II's particular advantage is its relatively high crude protein content due to greater leafiness and thinner stems than those of traditional Napier grass, resulting in higher nutritive quality. Yet new pest challenges have emerged, requiring further research attention. Diverse hybrids are in the pipeline for release, among them those that are suitable for cut-and-carry systems which are prevalent in eastern Africa. This paper reviews research, development and incipient adoption of new Brachiaria hybrids in African countries.
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