Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Full-Scale Beam-To-Column Subassemblage Testing for Seismic Evaluation of Deep Columns","authors":"Claudio Sepulveda,&nbsp;Gulen Ozkula,&nbsp;Gilberto Mosqueda,&nbsp;Chia-Ming Uang,&nbsp;Chung-Che Chou,&nbsp;Kung-Juin Wang,&nbsp;Sherif El-Tawil,&nbsp;Jason McCormick","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Steel moment frames composed of wide-flange steel members are commonly used in seismic regions, with deep and slender column sections often selected to economically satisfy drift limit requirements. The section slenderness makes the columns more susceptible to local and global buckling and subsequent axial shortening when subjected to combined high axial forces and lateral deformations. Numerous tests have been conducted on individual column members under a wide range of axial loads and loading patterns. Experimental data of subassembly or complete frame configurations providing insight into system level interaction of the column with the frame are more limited. To address this concern, a full-scale testing program was conducted on four cruciform beam-to-column subassemblage subjected to loading patterns based on cyclic quasi-static and slow hybrid simulation. Quasi-static tests followed standard AISC loading protocol with constant column axial load ranging from 20% to 40% of the yield capacity. Advanced hybrid simulations subjected the specimens to realistic earthquake loading patterns to levels consistent with design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum considered earthquake (MCE) ground motions. A full nonlinear model of a complete 6-story frame was developed for the numerical substructure in the hybrid simulation. The observed local and global responses of two quasi-static and two hybrid tests are presented, providing valuable data towards improving the understanding of progress of damage for these systems through advanced testing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1289-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of a Periodic Soil-Structure Interaction System to Reduce Ground Vibration","authors":"Dinh-Tuan Nguyen,&nbsp;Jin Ho Lee","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metamaterials have been developed to control electromagnetic, acoustic, and elastic waves, and can also be employed to manage seismic waves. As building clusters can significantly affect ground vibrations, this study extends the concept of metamaterials to evaluate a periodic soil-structure interaction (SSI) system capable of reducing the ground vibrations caused by seismic waves. Using the theory of SSI with Floquet–Bloch theorem, a governing equation for a unit cell in a periodic SSI system is derived with effective earthquake forces from exterior sources. The dispersion relations of the periodic SSI system are subsequently obtained, and its frequency band gaps (FBGs) for surface waves are identified. Furthermore, the dynamic stiffness of rigid foundation, on which periodic superstructures are installed, and corresponding input motion are calculated when Rayleigh surface waves are incident to the system. The results indicated that foundation input motion is significantly reduced resulting in a reduction of structural response, and the dynamic displacements of the soil surface are significantly reduced owing to the FBGs within the SSI system. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of clear spacing between buildings, building height, and shear wave velocity in the underlying half-space on SSI system behavior. The results confirm that the dynamic characteristics of a periodic SSI system depend on these factors and it must be designed accordingly.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1270-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Lessons Learned From Pseudo-Dynamic Hybrid Simulations on Ductile Steel Braced Frame Systems","authors":"Pedram Mortazavi,&nbsp;Oh-Sung Kwon,&nbsp;Constantin Christopoulos","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Performance-based seismic design, which emerged more than two decades ago, requires accurate numerical models to capture the response of structural elements that undergo inelastic deformations under random loading histories. High-fidelity benchmark test results under real natural hazards are therefore required to assist researchers and practitioners with this effort. Substructuring pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation (PsDHS) is an efficient, yet effective testing method for evaluating the system-level response of structures under extreme loading scenarios, and for forming a database of high-fidelity benchmark test results. In PsDHS, the response of the critical structural components is captured in a laboratory through physical testing and is integrated with the numerical response of the remainder of the structure in a numerical model, by establishing a communication framework between the two. The former is referred to as a physical substructure and the latter is often referred to as the integration module. Despite its efficiency and effectiveness, large-scale hybrid simulation introduces researchers to a range of non-trivial challenges, especially in laboratories that are new to the methodology. This paper presents challenges and lessons learned from 21 large-scale pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulations on different ductile steel braced frame systems including a buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF), a special concentrically braced frame (SCBF), a yielding brace system (YBS) equipped with cast steel yielding connectors (YCs), and eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) designed with cast steel replaceable modular yielding links (CMLs). Details for each hybrid simulation including the experimental setups, reference buildings, earthquake records, etc. along with selected results are presented. Challenges that were faced in each hybrid simulation related to hardware, the control system, integration schemes, etc., and attempted solutions are discussed. The findings from each set of hybrid simulations on each braced frame system are summarized. The experimental results are organized as a dataset in an online data repository, which is available for download. The organization of the dataset is presented to facilitate access to the experimental results. In the end, concluding remarks and visions for future research are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1229-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Signal-Based Control for a Shake Table Supporting a Heavy Multi-Storey Nonlinear Structure","authors":"Ryuta Enokida,&nbsp;Kohju Ikago,&nbsp;Koichi Kajiwara","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shake table control is greatly affected by an interaction with a heavy specimen, especially when it has severe nonlinear characteristics. Hence, to this fundamental and challenging issue in the experimentation, this study proposes a solution using nonlinear signal-based control (NSBC) and demonstrates its effectiveness in actual experiments. Moreover, an innovative controller design is presented in this paper: the bare condition referenced (BCR) approach relies on the bare table dynamics and the specimen's weight. It frees the design from the properties of the controlled system, in contrast to the orthodox approach, which uses the dynamics of a table supporting a specimen. Following numerical examinations including a stability analysis, experiments were carried out on NSBC with these approaches, with a table having a three-storey structure that was 2.5 times heavier than the table and had nonlinear characteristics. An inversion-based controller, using a feedforward controller only, did not perform well, even at small excitations, owing to the modelling gap and nonlinearity. NSBC, with the orthodox approach, accurately realised the expected acceleration on the table, despite the considerable interaction with the specimen and the nonlinearity of its collapse level. NSBC, with the BCR approach, performed as well or better than the orthodox approach, despite the obvious modelling gap and nonlinearity. NSBC with both approaches can solve the challenging control problem and has considerable potential for deployment in large experiments. Furthermore, the BCR approach is more advantageous than the orthodox approach, as it eliminates the need to identify the dynamics of the table supporting the specimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1251-1269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of an Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 H\u0000 ∞\u0000 \u0000 ${{H}_infty }$\u0000 Control Design of Nonlinear Structural Systems With Completely Unknown Dynamics","authors":"M. Amirmojahedi,&nbsp;A. Mojoodi,&nbsp;Saeed Shojaee,&nbsp;Saleh Hamzehei-Javaran","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes a model-free and online off-policy algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL) for vibration attenuation of earthquake-excited structures, through designing an optimal <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${{H}_infty }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> controller. This design relies on solving a two-player zero-sum game theory with a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation, which is extremely difficult, or often impossible, to be solved for the value function and the related optimal controller. The proposed strategy uses an actor-critic-disturbance structure to learn the solution of the HJI equation online and forward in time, without requiring any knowledge of the system dynamics. In addition, the control and disturbance policies and value function are approximated by the actor, the disturbance, and the critic neural networks (NNs), respectively.</p>\u0000 <p>Implementing the policy iteration technique, the NNs’ weights of the proposed model are calculated using the least square (LS) method in each iteration. In the present study, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is investigated through two distinct examples. Furthermore, the performance of this off-policy RL strategy is studied in reducing the response of a seismically excited nonlinear structure with an active mass damper (AMD) for two cases of state feedback. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in application to civil engineering structures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1210-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torsional Response of a Two-Storey Low-Damage Concrete Wall Test Building","authors":"Anqi Gu,&nbsp;Yiqiu Lu,&nbsp;Richard S. Henry,&nbsp;Geoffrey W. Rodgers,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent earthquakes, poor performance and collapse of buildings attributed to inelastic torsion responses have been reported. The torsional responses of buildings have been extensively studied with analytical models, but large-scale experiments considering seismic-induced torsion demands on buildings are rare. A shake-table test of a two-storey, low-damage concrete wall building with strength asymmetry in the plan view was recently conducted, and the response of the building to both unidirectional and bi-directional loadings at the design-level earthquake intensity is presented. Analysis of the results includes the global responses of the structural components and the centre of mass for the test building, the strength response of unbonded post-tensioned walls, the interaction between the translational strengths and torque, the total absorbed energy related to the torsional rotation, and variations in the eccentricities of the centres of rigidity and strength. Furthermore, the seismic response of the test building is explained with a comparison to previously published torsional mechanisms. Key outcomes from the analysis of the test results included: (1) an increase in the strength asymmetry and bi-directional loading both amplifies the torsional rotations and effects the displacement and strength responses of the structural components along the perimeter of the diaphragm; (2) the comparison to previous torsional mechanisms shows a desirable level of agreement and supports the utilization of these mechanisms to assess the torsional performance of low-damage wall buildings with irregularities; and (3) despite exhibiting a strong torsional response, the test building with the asymmetric strength configurations still achieved the low-damage performance targets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1191-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling Coefficient-Based Damage Evaluation Method of Precast Unbonded Post-Tensioned (UPT) Shear Wall Structures","authors":"Shao-Dong Shen,&nbsp;Anqi Gu,&nbsp;Masahiro Kurata,&nbsp;Jiantao Huang,&nbsp;Jin-Zhe Xie","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research presents a damage evaluation method proposed for structures with precast unbonded post-tensioned (UPT) shear walls using the concept of coupling coefficient. The proposed method considers the damage mechanism of the entire structure with damaged UPT shear walls, including the detachment of wall bases, yielding of dampers and UPT bars, yielding of beams or columns, concrete crushing, and so on. The contributions of frames and walls to structural seismic performance can be estimated separately by introducing wall and structure damage parameters. An accidental torsion parameter was proposed to reflect out-of-plane structural rotation. A two-story, low-damage concrete shear wall building designed for large-scale shaking-table testing is adopted as a benchmark structure to verify the proposed method. First, a three-dimensional finite element model of the benchmark structure was constructed, and the damage and accidental torsion parameter curves were derived using static analysis. Limit values of the damage parameters for the design and collapse limit states are obtained from the parameter curves calculated by simulation and the proposed equations, respectively. Then, incremental dynamic analysis with bidirectional ground motion inputs was conducted to check the damage evaluation performance at various damage levels and compare with conventional evaluation method based on the inter-story drift. The proposed method is validated to be systematic, detailed, and sensitive to damage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1156-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering Cumulative Damage in URM Buildings for Clustered Seismicity Risk Assessment","authors":"Pablo Garcia de Quevedo Inarritu,&nbsp;Mohsen Kohrangi,&nbsp;Serena Cattari,&nbsp;Sergio Lagomarsino,&nbsp;Paolo Bazzurro","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are highly susceptible to cumulative damage, as demonstrated by the damage observations collected during and after numerous earthquake sequences. However, most previous numerical studies assessing cumulative damage in URM buildings have failed to fully capture the extent of the phenomenon observed in real events. This article aims to address this gap by applying a newly developed methodology for modeling the accumulation of damage in URM buildings in risk assessment case studies. This methodology quantifies the cumulative damage using an energy- and displacement-based damage index (DI) within a component-based framework. The methodology is validated using data from the URM school building in Visso that sustained severe, progressive damage during the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence. Additionally, this DI is employed to develop hazard-consistent, damage-state-dependent fragility curves for five case-study URM buildings through consecutive nonlinear dynamic analyses. The fragility analysis results align with real-world observations, indicating a significant reduction in structural capacity due to cumulative damage. These set of fragility curves are then utilized in a risk assessment exercise. The last part of this study compares the impact on risk estimates when incorporating damage accumulation and earthquake sequences using the proposed methodology versus the conventional approach, which assumes only independent mainshocks affecting buildings in their intact state. The results reveal that the conventional approach underestimates the average annual losses for these five URM buildings in Central Italy by 45%–85%. Although the level of underestimation may vary for other URM buildings in other regions, it is undeniable that the conventional approach consistently underestimates the risk for URM structures by a significant margin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1172-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Test of Negative Stiffness Damped Outrigger With Damping Amplification","authors":"Meng Wang,&nbsp;Yuji Koetaka,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Sun,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Satish Nagarajaiah,&nbsp;Yosuke Ashida,&nbsp;Xiu-Li Du","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposed a novel negative stiffness damped outrigger with damping amplification (NSDO-DA) through a smart combination of an L-shape lever, a precompressed disc spring brace (DSB), and a viscous damper. A theoretical model of the NSDO-DA considering nonlinear adaptive negative stiffness, damping amplification of nonlinear viscous dampers, and frictions were established. Cyclic tests of disc spring pairs and DSB were presented to verify the feasibility of using DSB as the precompression component of the NSDO-DA. Subsequently, large-scale dynamic tests of five different outrigger systems were conducted involving (i) conventional damped outrigger (CDO), (ii) amplified damped outrigger (ADO), (iii) purely negative stiffness mechanism, (iv) negative stiffness damped outrigger (NSDO), and (v) NSDO-DA. Then, discussions on the dynamic test results and validations of the NSDO-DA model were provided. The major contributions of this paper are the proposal of the NSDO-DA and the experimental validation of its two special features: (i) producing negative stiffness force in the parallel direction of the precompression force rather than in the perpendicular direction, making the physical configuration more concise and condensed for outrigger application; (ii) sharing the amplification mechanism of the L-shape lever for both the viscous damper and the negative stiffness mechanism, leading to an additional damping amplification mechanism for the damper. Moreover, the adaptive stiffness behavior and the frequency-independent feature of the proposed negative stiffness mechanism were successfully validated by the dynamic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1141-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Economic Loss-Based Seismic Design Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Cuihua Li,&nbsp;Yu Guo,&nbsp;Sashi Kunnath","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Earthquake-induced economic losses in buildings are likely to escalate as urbanization accelerates. Traditional seismic optimization methods, such as consistent ductility-based design, aim to achieve uniform story drift along the building height but do not directly address reduction in economic losses. This study presents an innovative method called direct loss-based design (DLBD) using a genetic algorithm to minimize the expected annual loss (EAL) in RC frame structures conditioned on constant structural stiffness and construction cost. Two optimization frameworks for minimizing the expected losses (EL) are examined: intensity-based and risk-based. Intensity-based optimization focuses on a specific intensity level, whereas risk-based optimization considers the EAL across three seismic hazard levels. Additionally, the collapse probability (CP) of structures optimized via the DLBD method is evaluated. Results show that intensity-based optimization significantly reduces EL at the target intensity level but is ineffective at other seismic intensities due to extremely increased seismic demands at some floors. Conversely, the risk-based optimization substantially reduces both EAL and CP across all intensity levels assessed, with a maximum reduction of 31% and an average reduction of over 20% for EAL, as well as an average decrease of 62% for CP. This approach effectively decreases seismic demands while simultaneously distributing the story drifts evenly across the building height. The proposed risk-based design framework not only offers a practical algorithm for seismic optimization targeting EL but also provides new avenues to explore resilience-based seismic design approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 4","pages":"1125-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}