Early Intervention in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Response to ‘Letter to the Editor: Weight gain and metabolic screening in young people with early psychosis on long acting injectable antipsychotic medication’","authors":"Flavie Waters, Gordon Shymko, Terina Grace, Daniel Hacking, Nicole Jolly, Arti Parmar, Louise Dobson, Puanna Kapi","doi":"10.1111/eip.13589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"18 8","pages":"665-666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire in Ethiopia","authors":"Mahlet Yared, Hannah H. Kim, Amantia Ametaj, Melkam Alemayehu, Anne Stevenson, Barkot Milkias, Engida Girma, Bizu Gelaye, Solomon Teferra","doi":"10.1111/eip.13609","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13609","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few psychosis screening instruments have been tested for use in Africa, yet appropriate tools can increase the detection of self-reported psychotic symptoms, improve the detection of psychosis and impact its prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The construct validity and factor structure of Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) were tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) in a sample of 1928 Ethiopian adults without any history of psychosis. We tested a unidimensional model with and without an item on mania. For IRT, unidimensional latent structure one-parameter logistic (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) logistic models were tested and compared for relative fit using a likelihood-ratio test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of lifetime positive screens was 2.8% in an Ethiopian sample of adults from a general medical setting. A unidimensional model demonstrated good fit for the PSQ, (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.986 and RMSEA = 0.025). For IRT, a 2PL model was the best fitting one. IRT tests of item difficulty and discrimination parameters showed that paranoia had the highest discrimination <span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>4.59</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math> and lowest difficulty (<span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2.53</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math>), likely to be endorsed at low levels of psychotic features. Thought insertion had the highest item difficulty (<span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Adolescence to Adulthood: Understanding Care Trajectories in an Early Detection and Intervention Centre in France","authors":"Simone Marchini,&nbsp;Marie-Alix Laroche,&nbsp;Harmony Nemorin,&nbsp;Valentine Morin,&nbsp;Guillaume Tanguy,&nbsp;Valeria Lucarini,&nbsp;Anton Iftimovici,&nbsp;Boris Chaumette,&nbsp;Marie-Odile Krebs,&nbsp;Mylene Charre","doi":"10.1111/eip.13605","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13605","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychiatric disorders often emerge during adolescence or young adulthood, leading to significant disability among youth. The transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is critical for individuals experiencing emerging psychopathology, with delayed access to care negatively impacting long-term outcomes. Accessing mental health services for adolescents and young adults is often complex and delayed due to challenges in service visibility, accessibility and appropriateness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the care trajectories of individuals consecutively accessing the early detection and intervention (EDI) centre C'JAAD (Evaluation Centre for Young Adults and Adolescents) in Paris (France) over the year 2021. The main goal was to clarify the role of this EDI centre in the continuity of care and transition to AMHS. Data about their history of care, hospitalisations and referral sources were collected retrospectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample comprised 194 individuals, with 57.2% males and a median age of 20 years. Most patients (67.5%) were ≥18 years old upon arrival, with 31% in a situation of not being in education, employment, or training (NEET). Over one-third (35.2%) had prior psychiatric hospitalisations. Patients were mainly referred to our EDI centre from other hospital departments (42.3%). Regarding care in CAMHS, 50.3% of the total sample had medical follow-up during childhood, of whom 41.9% had discontinued care upon arrival at the EDI centre. The median onset age of care in CAMHS was 14, with a median duration of 12 months. Adult patients experienced an approximately 3-year gap between the end of CAMHS care and assessment at the EDI centre.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample's characteristics resemble those of other EDI centres, but concerns persist regarding referral timing and the NEET status of many youths. Lack of prior medical follow-up and challenges in transitioning to AMHS underscore the need to enhance care continuity and address difficulties in accessing care during the transition to adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recorded Rates of Trauma-Exposure in a Retrospective Epidemiologically Complete First-Episode Psychosis Cohort","authors":"Aisling Redmond,&nbsp;Keith Gaynor,&nbsp;Sean Naughton,&nbsp;Mary Clarke","doi":"10.1111/eip.13610","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13610","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trauma plays an important role in the development and maintenance of psychosis. However, it is still under-examined in daily clinical practice. The current study investigated the rates of recording of trauma-exposure in the clinical histories of a first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort attending an early intervention psychosis service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used a retrospective chart review methodology in a 6-year epidemiologically complete FEP cohort attending an early intervention psychosis service. The Trauma and Life Events Checklist was used to define the rate and types of trauma-exposure reported in clinical histories. The relationships were examined between recorded trauma-exposure and positive and negative symptoms, depression and duration of untreated psychosis at first assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trauma-exposure was frequently recorded within clinical histories. Childhood trauma-exposure was recorded in 47.4% of the sample, which is lower than may be expected. No significant relationships between the recorded trauma-exposure and symptom measures were found. A significant relationship was found between interpersonal stressors and positive symptoms, and work-related stress and negative symptoms, highlighting the importance of proximal stressful life events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found that clinicians were frequently recording trauma-exposure in daily practice. However, it was unclear whether the recording of trauma-exposure highlighted led to systematic diagnosis, assessment or treatment of trauma for people with psychosis. The importance of treatment and service planning to include information about trauma-exposure is discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Non-Clinical Services Help to Improve Functional Outcomes Among Young Adults With Mental Disorders? A Systematic Review","authors":"Kate Gossip,&nbsp;Julie John,&nbsp;Charlotte Comben,&nbsp;Holly E. Erskine,&nbsp;James G. Scott,&nbsp;Sandra Diminic","doi":"10.1111/eip.13606","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13606","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mental disorders during young adulthood can significantly impair functioning in daily activities. Non-clinical support services aim to improve functioning by helping people to build social and life skills, participate in education and employment and improve physical health. This study aims to examine and synthesise the evidence for non-clinical services on improving functional outcomes for young adults with mental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was undertaken to identify quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on a non-clinical service component (vocational support, peer support, youth development, lifestyle interventions, family and network support) and examining functional outcomes (e.g., outcomes focussed on work and education, life skills, relationships and healthy behaviours).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Identified studies focussed on vocational support services (<i>n</i> = 9), lifestyle interventions (<i>n</i> = 6) and family and network support services (<i>n</i> = 2). No studies on peer-support services or youth development services were found. More than half of the vocational support service studies reported increased employment rates among young adults (<i>n</i> = 6). Studies focussing on lifestyle interventions included a combination of physical activity, nutrition education, health coaching and motivation and behaviour change. However, the measures of functioning used across studies were too varied to determine whether lifestyle interventions may be useful in improving functional outcomes for young adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further research is needed to understand the impact of non-clinical services on functioning. This evidence will provide pragmatic guidance for service planners to invest in supports and interventions that make a meaningful difference to the lives of young adults living with mental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"18 10","pages":"773-788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eip.13606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Physical Activity on Disordered Eating Behaviours in Individuals With a Psychotic Disorder","authors":"Kathya Carrier,&nbsp;Amal Abdel-Baki,&nbsp;Lorilou Thériault,&nbsp;Antony D. Karelis,&nbsp;Tania Lecomte,&nbsp;Ahmed Jérôme Romain","doi":"10.1111/eip.13611","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13611","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity on cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in individuals with a psychotic disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven participants with a psychotic disorder (55% male; mean age: 30 ± 7.5 years; Caucasian: 66.7%; schizophrenia spectrum disorders: 44.4%; bipolar disorder with psychotic features: 29.6%) took part in a 6-month bi-weekly physical activity program (walking, running, yoga, cycling and dancing). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was used to assess participant's eating behaviours, and the frequency of completed physical activity sessions was compiled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mixed models analysis approach revealed that the level of cognitive restraint remained unchanged (pre: 39.2 ± 18.7 vs. post: 44.1 ± 18.3; <i>p</i> = 0.24), while the levels of uncontrolled eating (pre: 39.7 ± 19 vs. post: 31.6 ± 19.7; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and emotional eating (pre: 45.5 ± 22.3 vs. post: 32.2 ± 22.2; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) decreased at the end of the 6-month physical activity program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that physical activity has positive effects on disordered eating behaviours in individuals with a psychotic disorder, similarly to previous studies on other populations (e.g., overweight and obese participants, postmenopausal women).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of physical activity in moderating eating behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Mind Abilities May Predict Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Follow-Up Study","authors":"Tayfun Kara,&nbsp;Pınar Aydoğan Avşar,&nbsp;Tacettin Kuru,&nbsp;Orhan Kocaman","doi":"10.1111/eip.13608","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13608","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researchers report varying levels of cognitive flexibility and theory of mind (ToM) deficiencies in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This research set out to investigate the impact of these variables on the disorder's outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study involved 39 adolescents with OCD and 40 healthy controls. We assessed the case group at the initial visit to the outpatient clinic and again at the end of the first year of treatment. The Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) was applied to assess OCD symptom distribution and severity. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes of Children Test (RME-CT) was applied to evaluate ToM skills, and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) was employed to evaluate cognitive flexibility levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline RME-CT and CFS scores were significantly lower in adolescents with OCD compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.002 <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively). At the end of the 1-year follow-up, RME-CT and CFS scores increased significantly in the adolescents with OCD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively). A significant negative correlation was observed between the initial RME-CT scores and the Y-BOCS scores at the end of the 1-year follow-up (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The initial RME-CT score had a significant negative predictive effect on the subsequent severity of OCD (<i>β</i> = −0.711, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research revealed poorer long-term prognoses for OCD in adolescents who exhibit low ToM skills. In conclusion, the results indicate that ToM skills may serve as a predictive factor for long-term treatment outcomes among adolescents diagnosed with OCD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learnt From Running a Transition-Age Youth Mental Health Outpatient Clinic in Italy: The PRecocity of Intervention in Adolescent Medicine (PRIMA) Experience","authors":"Marco Colizzi,&nbsp;Marta Basaldella,&nbsp;Anna Candolo,&nbsp;Marco Garzitto,&nbsp;Andrea Palermo,&nbsp;Claudia Scipioni,&nbsp;Giovanna Tavian,&nbsp;Matteo Balestrieri,&nbsp;Riccardo Bortoletto,&nbsp;Carla Comacchio","doi":"10.1111/eip.13604","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed whether transition age between adolescence and young adulthood poses a challenge for both patients and mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively examined the baseline characteristics, diagnoses and treatments of 99 individuals aged 16–35 presenting to the PRecocity of Intervention in Adolescent Medicine (PRIMA) transition-age mental health outpatient clinic, Italy, over a 24-month period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most patients were female, aged 20 or younger, employed and did not experience impairment in daily autonomies. About half patients were referred by general practitioners or self-referred, often as initial contact with any adult mental health services, complaining with multiple symptoms (88%), mainly including anxiety, affective disturbances and insomnia. Most of them received a single diagnosis (68%), one out of three being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patients presenting with anxiety (63% vs. 32%; OR = 3.55, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and affective symptoms (56% vs .23%; OR = 4.26, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and receiving multiple diagnoses (30% vs. 9%; <i>χ</i>\u0000 ²(2) = 19.7, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) were more likely to be prescribed with psychopharmacological medication at the first visit. At a 6-month follow-up, one in two patients remained in PRIMA, while the others required different services tailored to their specific conditions, especially neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings from this study warrant the need for specialised mental healthcare facilities ensuring timely and high-quality interventions for adolescents transitioning into young adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Rates of Special Considerations in Higher Education Applications Pre- and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Victoria, Australia","authors":"Caroline X. Gao,&nbsp;Emily Clarke,&nbsp;Jennifer Nicholas,&nbsp;Shu Mei Teo,&nbsp;Caleb Koppe,&nbsp;Gavin Peter,&nbsp;Alex Lum,&nbsp;Tamara Barth,&nbsp;Steve Farish,&nbsp;Matthew Rudd,&nbsp;Yiting Gong,&nbsp;Daniel Z. Q. Gan,&nbsp;Vivienne Browne,&nbsp;Teresa Tjia,&nbsp;Kate M. Filia,&nbsp;Eóin Killackey","doi":"10.1111/eip.13603","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13603","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant rise in mental ill health has been observed globally in young people, particularly those in their final years of secondary school. Students' negative experiences coincide with a critical transitional period which can disrupt milestones in social and educational development. This study aimed to use innovative population-level data to map the impact of the pandemic on students entering higher education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-pandemic (2019/2020) and pandemic (2020/2021) tertiary education application data were obtained from the Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre. Prevalence of applications for special consideration related to mental ill health were compared between cohorts across various geographical areas and applicant demographic subgroups. Relative risk regression models were used to understand the role of different risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rates of mental health-related special consideration applications increased by 38% among all applications (pre-pandemic: 7.8%, <i>n</i> = 56 916; pandemic: 10.8%, <i>n</i> = 58 260). Highest increases were observed among students in areas with both extended and close-quarter lockdown experiences, and areas impacted by 2019/2020 black summer bushfires. The increases were higher among Year 12 students and students with other special consideration needs (e.g., physical condition, learning disability). Slightly higher increases were observed in areas with higher socio-economic status, which may potentially be related to inequality in mental health service access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As consequences of mental health difficulties and academic disruption in youth can be long lasting, it is critical to establish a mental health support framework both in and outside of higher education to facilitate young people's recovery from the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminant diagnostic validity of paediatric bipolar disorder screening tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Cristian Alcaíno,&nbsp;Aigli Raouna,&nbsp;Hamdullah Tunç,&nbsp;Angus MacBeth,&nbsp;Timothy Bird,&nbsp;Eric Youngstrom","doi":"10.1111/eip.13592","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eip.13592","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bipolar disorders (BD) are among the most significantly impairing of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Although BD symptoms may begin in adolescence, they are frequently not diagnosed until adulthood, and accordingly BD scales could aid diagnostic assessment in paediatric populations. This review aims to synthesis the evidence for the accuracy of BD symptom index tests for discriminating BD from non-BD (other diagnoses or healthy controls) in paediatric population. Additionally, several theoretically relevant moderators of diagnostic accuracy were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search across three databases were conducted from 1980 to 2022, augmented by grey literature database searches, citation chaining and contacting authors. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta-analysis. A multilevel model was fitted to account for nested effect sizes, with 31 potential moderators examined in univariate and multivariate models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-Eight studies were eligible, yielding 115 effect sizes for analysis. Meta-analytic modelling indicated BD symptom index tests have a high diagnostic accuracy (<i>g</i> = 1.300; 95% CI: 0.982 − 1.619; <i>p</i> &lt; .001) in paediatric population. Accuracy was relative to the type of comparison group, index test content, index test informant and index test's scale or subscale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening tests based on mania content, caregiver report and non-healthy comparison groups have clinical utility in identifying paediatric BD. Other informant-and-content combination may not accurately identify paediatric BD. Unlike healthy controls, tests derived from studies using non-healthy comparison groups, represent BD symptom non-specificity and BD symptom overlap with other disorders, providing external validity and clinical utility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11385,"journal":{"name":"Early Intervention in Psychiatry","volume":"18 9","pages":"669-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eip.13592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}