Diabetology International最新文献

{"title":"Phase angle, extracellular to intracellular water ratio, and advanced glycation end products according to four sarcopenia categories and in relation to muscle strength/mass in elderly out-patients with diabetes.","authors":"Toshihiro Amagawa, Hiroki Yokoyama, Yumiko Teramoto, Youko Fujimaki, Atsushi Ohno, Hiroshi Takamura","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00894-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00894-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sarcopenia is classified into normal, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia according to muscle strength/mass. As assessment methods for muscle strength and mass, phase angle (PhA), extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been developed. We investigated the proportions in elderly outpatients with diabetes and elucidate clinical characteristics, including PhA, ECW/ICW, and AGEs among the four groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed in 695 patients with diabetes aged 65 years or older, who were classified according to the classification proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Clinical characteristics of the four groups were compared by ANOVA. Associations of grip strength and skeletal muscle index (SMI) with PhA, ECW/ICW, and AGEs and interrelations among grip strength, SMI, PhA, ECW/ICW, and AGEs were analyzed by multiple linear regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proportions of those (male/female, %) classified as normal, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia were 42.3/42.9, 30.3/26.6, 19.9/21.0, and 7.4/9.4, respectively. In order from normal, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia, age, ECW/ICW, and AGEs increased, while grip strength, gait speed, and PhA decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Grip strength had significant associations with PhA, ECW/ICW, and AGEs independent of the effect of age, sex, and SMI. SMI had significant associations with PhA and ECW/ICW, but not AGEs. ECW/ICW was independently associated with both grip strength and SMI, together with PhA and AGEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PhA, ECW/ICW, and AGEs were significantly different according to the four sarcopenia groups, and ECW/ICW was independently associated with both grip strength and SMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of sensor-augmented pump for type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Satoshi Takagi, Junnosuke Miura, Mikako Takita, Shota Mochizuki, Kanako Shimura, Sari Hoshina, Hiroko Takaike, Tetsuya Babazono","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00908-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00908-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/introduction: </strong>To evaluate the real-world efficacy of sensor-augmented pump (SAP) for long-term glycemic control and glycemic variability indices.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study that included individuals with type 1 diabetes who switched from multiple daily injections to SAP or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Changes in HbA1c and body weight up to 3 years were compared between the two groups. Changes in the proportion of participants in each group were also analyzed. In the SAP group, changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 32 individuals in the SAP group and 39 in the CSII group. HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups at 1 year compared with the pre-introduction levels and was maintained for 3 years (- 0.83 ± 0.26%, <i>p</i> = 0.009, and - 0.86 ± 0.18%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively); however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups after 3 years. Body weight increased significantly in the CSII group after 3 years (2.7 ± 0.9 kg in the SAP group, 2.7 ± 3.3 kg in the CSII group. No significant changes were observed in the CGM metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In individuals who started SAP or CSII, HbA1c decreased after 1 year and was maintained for 3 years.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-026-00908-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in insulin resistance and basal insulin secretion among elderly men and women without a history of diabetes: a comparative study between obese and non-obese groups.","authors":"Hironari Sano, Yusaku Hayashi, Rimei Nishimura","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00904-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00904-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in insulin resistance and basal insulin secretion among elderly individuals without a history of diabetes, comparing obese and non-obese groups in early elderly (aged 65-74 years) and late elderly (aged 75-89 years).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 478 individuals (258 men and 220 women) who underwent comprehensive medical checkups at Tsunan Municipal Hospital between 2008 and 2014 were included. We investigated whether there were interactive effects between age and Body Mass Index (BMI) on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-β) values, and examined their associations with each factor using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In elderly men, elevated BMI was significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR values, and HOMA-β values were also significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group. In contrast, among elderly women, HOMA-β values in the obese group were comparable to those in the non-obese group regardless of early and late elderly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In elderly men, insulin resistance associated with obesity was firmly present regardless of age, whereas, in elderly women, there is no difference in basal insulin secretion between the obese and non-obese groups irrespective of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Discontinuation of oral semaglutide due to adverse effects: a database study on Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Mizuki Ishiguro, Rimei Nishimura","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00893-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00893-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13340-025-00868-0.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A case-control study on the prevalence of depression and its biomarkers in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.","authors":"Haya Majid, Sajad Ul Islam, Sunil Kohli, Nidhi","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00891-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00891-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13340-025-00858-2.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in accuracy management of continuous glucose monitoring systems.","authors":"Keiichi Torimoto, Yosuke Okada","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00901-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00901-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has markedly advanced diabetes care by enabling real-time visualization of glycaemic variability, prevention of hypoglycaemia, and direct integration into therapeutic decision-making. As CGM use expands in routine practice and automated insulin delivery systems, however, accuracy has become a critical determinant of treatment safety. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in CGM accuracy management across three major driving forces: (1) accelerating technological innovation, including multi-analyte sensors, non-invasive devices, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based signal processing; (2) systematization and international harmonization of regulatory accuracy frameworks, exemplified by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) integrated CGM (iCGM) and the proposed CGM in Europe (eCGM) concept; and (3) growing societal demands for transparency, including public disclosure of performance data and strengthened lot-to-lot evaluation. We outline the four key dimensions of CGM accuracy-analytical accuracy, clinical accuracy, trend accuracy, and precision. We then review the evolution of regional accuracy standards, focusing on highly influential frameworks in the United States and Europe. Key considerations in accuracy-study design are discussed, along with clinical risks associated with reduced accuracy optimization, and progress toward global standardization. Finally, we examine future directions in the era of next-generation technologies, such as multi-analyte and non-invasive sensors, AI-driven accuracy optimization, and progress toward international standardization. This review provides an overview of the current landscape and future directions of CGM accuracy management in an era where fluctuations in accuracy directly affect treatment safety. We aim to clarify the perspectives required in both clinical practice and research to ensure safe and effective use of CGM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet based in type 2 diabetes management: findings from a Brazilian primary care randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Gisely Sanagiotto Balbinot, Romulo Scariot Costódio, Geraldo Emílio Vicentini","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00898-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00898-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The difficulty of nutritional management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary health care in Brazil highlight the need for innovative strategies based on nutritional education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online educational intervention based on a low-carbohydrate diet for adults with T2DM and compared with conventional primary care management. A 16-week parallel randomized clinical trial enrolled 58 non-insulin users (mean age: 61 years), randomized to an Intervention (<i>n</i> = 29) or Control group (CG) (<i>n</i> = 29).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 16 weeks, the Intervention Group (IG) showed significant reductions in HbA1c (- 0.91 ± 0.16%), fasting glucose (- 1.46 ± 0.06 mmol/L) and BMI (- 1.63 ± 0.8 kg/m²). In contrast, the CG exhibited significant increases in fasting glucose (+ 1.03 ± 0.17 mmol/L) and Body Mass index (+ 0.96 ± 0.5 kg/m²), with no significant HbA1c change (+ 0.25 ± 0.04%). Between-group comparisons favored the IG (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with net differences of 1.17% in HbA1c and 27.5% in fasting glucose. Additionally, 31% of IG participants achieved HbA1c ≤ 6.5%, whereas none of the CG participants achieved the HbA1c target. Use of oral antidiabetic medication decreased significantly in the <i>IG</i>; notably, this reduction was not observed in the <i>CG</i> (44.8% vs. 0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the online education intervention improved glycemic control, reduced BMI, and lowered medication requirements, representing a promising strategy for T2DM management with potential to reduce complications and healthcare system costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee in a young woman with diabetes suspected of Wolfram-like syndrome.","authors":"Teruo Jojima, Toshie Iijima, Masaaki Sagara, Kanako Suda, Masahiro Saito, Dai Tanuma, Shintaro Sakurai, Takuya Tomaru, Yuji Yamaguchi, Isao Usui, Hiroshi Taneichi, Yoshimasa Aso","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00895-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00895-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We described a very rare case of bilateral diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee in a young woman who may have Wolfram-like syndrome. The onset of diabetes occurred at the age of 11. At the age of 26, she consulted an orthopedic surgeon for pain and swelling in the left knee with no history of trauma. Pain and swelling of the left knee got worse despite treatment with knee orthosis. On physical examination, her left knee was hot and swollen with pain, while her right knee seemed to be intact. An X-ray of the left knee revealed a horizontal discontinuity of the cortical bone at the medial plate and bone defects on the medial tibial articular surface, while an X-ray of the right knee also revealed bone fragmentation in the femoral lateral condyle. We made a diagnosis of bilateral diabetic Charcot knee joints. The patient had a novel mutation, which is a missense heterozygous mutation of 650 tyrosine to cysteine in WFS1; thus, a diagnosis of Wolfram-like syndrome (WFLS) was suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of lifestyle factors related to improving blood glucose metabolism by continuous glucose monitoring: a multicenter study in the Chikugo region.","authors":"Hitomi Nakayama, Toshihiko Hashinaga, Kentaro Yamada, Nobuhiko Wada, Chizuko Inada, Shimpei Iwata, Ichiro Tokubuchi, Satoko Yoshinobu, Yohei Tanaka, Ayako Nagayama, Yoshie Otsuka, Nao Hasuzawa, Hiroko Haruta, Itaru Morikawa, Miyu Kinjo, Masatoshi Nomura","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00897-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00897-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although lifestyle-improving effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have long been suggested, it remains unclear which lifestyle changes contribute to improvements in blood glucose control. This multicenter study evaluated the effect of CGM on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and identified lifestyle factors associated with its improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively investigated changes in insulin injection methods and lifestyle habits after starting CGM via a questionnaire and analyzed the associations between these changes and the degree of reduction in HbA1c over a 6-month period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wearing a CGM device reduced HbA1c by a mean of 0.83% (median 0.5%), regardless of sex or age. This reduction was smaller in individuals with type 1 diabetes and in those receiving insulin injections 3 or more times per day. Changes in insulin injection doses were not the primary cause of the reduction in HbA1c. Increased insulin doses and more frequent adjustments were not associated with lower HbA1c. After adjusting for HbA1c levels at the start of CGM use, dietary changes associated with HbA1c improvement included reduced intake of carbohydrates and foods that increase blood glucose levels and decreased meal skipping. Increases in resistance exercise and postprandial exercise were also associated with this improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The decrease in HbA1c levels after starting CGM was driven primarily by participants becoming aware of fluctuations in blood glucose levels due to diet and exercise, and making lifestyle changes to improve glycemic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor prescriptions: application of the ATC/DDD system to NDB open data.","authors":"Takefumi Miyake, Mai Hashimoto, Daisuke Kadowaki","doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00899-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13340-026-00899-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding regional patterns of pharmaceutical use is essential for effective resource allocation and promoting rational drug use. The NDB Open Data of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare offers a high-quality national database that comprehensively captures usage patterns. However, direct comparisons based on prescription volume are challenging owing to differences in drug formulations and dosages, and increasing generic drug use.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) usage patterns across Japanese prefectures by comparing prescription quantities and drug costs using the NDB Open Data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the NDB Open Data, we extracted single-component SGLT2i formulations (pharmacological classification 396) and calculated the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) using WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the fiscal year 2022, urban prefectures, including Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka, Aichi, and Saitama, recorded the highest SGLT2i prescription quantities. Conversely, DID values were notably higher in rural areas such as Fukushima, Tochigi, Kagawa, Oita, and Iwate, indicating notable regional differences that could not be explained solely by population size. Annual prescriptions consistently increased across all drugs, reflecting the impact of expanded indications and product discontinuation. Canagliflozin demonstrated relatively low domestic usage in DID despite a similar number of tablets prescribed compared to other drugs, suggesting distinct regional prescription patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining the NDB Open Data with the ATC/DDD system identified regional SGLT2i usage. This approach could enable standardized comparisons within drug classes, providing invaluable evidence to support appropriate drug use guidelines and informed policy formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11340,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology International","volume":"17 3","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}