Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"Childhood trauma, family functioning, and the BDNF gene may affect the development of alcohol use disorder","authors":"Yi-Wei Yeh ,&nbsp;Catherine Shin Huey Chen ,&nbsp;Shin-Chang Kuo ,&nbsp;Chun-Yen Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Chieh Huang ,&nbsp;Jyun-Teng Huang ,&nbsp;You-Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Jhih-Syuan Huang ,&nbsp;Kuo-Hsing Ma ,&nbsp;San-Yuan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood trauma and family dysfunction substantially increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among individuals with genetic susceptibility. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neuronal neuroplasticity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-sectional case-control study examines the associations between the <em>BDNF</em> gene, childhood trauma, and family functioning in relation to vulnerability to AUD. A total of 1085 participants were recruited from the Han Chinese population. The final analysis included data from 518 patients with AUD and 548 healthy controls, and 19 were excluded due to DNA issues. Three psychometric instruments—the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire (ACEs), and the family APGAR questionnaires were used to assess environmental risk factors contributing to AUD. An independent <em>t</em>-test was used to examine differences between controls, AUD, and its subgroups for each psychometric score. ANCOVA was performed to assess the effects of BDNF variants on CTQ, ACE, and APGAR scores in patients with AUD after adjusting for age and gender.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CTG haplotype in the <em>rs6265-rs6484320-rs7934165</em> block of the <em>BDNF</em> gene was associated with the late-onset AUD (<em>p</em> = 9.9 ×10⁻⁵). Higher CTQ and ACEs scores were observed in AUD patients, particularly in those with early-onset AUD. Total CTQ score and ACEs score were negatively correlated with the onset age of AUD, although these scores were not influenced by <em>BDNF</em> genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Childhood trauma and impaired family functioning may serve as predictive factors in the development of AUD. <em>BDNF</em> gene variants, childhood trauma, and family functioning appear to influence AUD risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of morphine dependence and withdrawal on economic demand for fentanyl, cocaine, and methamphetamine in rats","authors":"Robert W. Seaman Jr. ,&nbsp;Nima Shariatzadeh ,&nbsp;Kelly A. Salinas ,&nbsp;Christina M. George ,&nbsp;Yong-Gong Shi ,&nbsp;Gregory T. Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Stimulant-opioid co-use has surged in the United States, with methamphetamine use among people who use opioids increasing 82.6 % from 2015 to 2017. This trend contributes to rising overdose deaths, marking a \"fourth wave\" of the opioid epidemic. This study examined how opioid dependence and withdrawal affect the reinforcing effects of opioids and stimulants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods &amp; results</h3><div>Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8–12 per group) were trained to self-administer fentanyl (3.2<!--> <!-->µg/kg/inf), cocaine (0.32<!--> <!-->mg/kg/inf), or methamphetamine (0.1<!--> <!-->mg/kg/inf) under fixed ratio (FR) schedules. Opioid dependence was established through escalating twice-daily morphine injections (10–40<!--> <!-->mg/kg) over four days, then maintained with daily doses of 40<!--> <!-->mg/kg morphine. Rats exhibited stable signs of withdrawal (somatic signs, weight loss, hyperalgesia) following 20<!--> <!-->h but not 12<!--> <!-->h of morphine deprivation. Demand curves were generated by progressively increasing work requirements (FR 3, 5, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, etc.) across sessions conducted 12 (morphine dependent) or 20 (morphine withdrawn) hours after morphine or saline (non-dependent controls). Morphine withdrawal (20-hour deprived group) increased demand for fentanyl but decreased demand for cocaine and methamphetamine. Morphine dependence (12-hour deprived group) had minimal effects, but did reliably decrease demand for cocaine. Morphine dependence increased demand intensity (Q₀) only for the small dose of fentanyl; all other conditions were unaffected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate that opioid withdrawal increases motivation for opioid use while reducing motivation for stimulants, particularly at higher costs. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective polysubstance treatments addressing both opioid dependence and stimulant co-use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Cross sectional multi-sample study of nonfatal overdose in adolescents and young adults in the fentanyl era” [Drug Alcohol Depend. 276 (2025) 112921]","authors":"Amy M. Yule ,&nbsp;Amy S.B. Bohnert ,&nbsp;Ty A. Ridenour ,&nbsp;Barrett Montgomery ,&nbsp;Timothy E. Wilens ,&nbsp;Maureen Walton ,&nbsp;Erin E. Bonar ,&nbsp;Lisa Saldana ,&nbsp;Lynn E. Fiellin ,&nbsp;Danica K. Knight ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Jason Williams ,&nbsp;Sazid Khan ,&nbsp;Liann Tucker ,&nbsp;Feker Wondimagegnehu ,&nbsp;Kym Ahrens","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in perceived harmfulness of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis and its’ use in 12–16-year-olds, from 2003 to 2023","authors":"Kimberly Morren ,&nbsp;Marieke Rombouts ,&nbsp;Karin Monshouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substance use is bidirectionally related to perceived harmfulness of its use. While adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use have declined over time, little is known about perceived harmfulness trends across substances and frequencies of use. This study examines 20-year harmfulness perception trends of these substances.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from six survey rounds (n = 40,690) of a national cross-sectional school survey on substance use in the Netherlands were used to examine trends in harmfulness perception and substance use among 12- to 16-year-old secondary school students from 2003 to 2023. Logistic regression models were performed to examine these trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Students increasingly viewed tobacco and alcohol consumption as harmful (tobacco: occasional use: prevalence difference (PD) + 54.1 %, p &lt; .001; daily use: PD + 2.5 %, p &lt; .05; alcohol: ≥ 5 drinks every weekend: PD + 11.9 %, p &lt; .001; daily use: PD + 40.3 %, p &lt; .001). However, the perceived harmfulness perception of daily cannabis use declined (PD −5.6, p &lt; .001). During that same time, lifetime, monthly, and daily use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis significantly declined (e.g., prevalence difference in monthly use; tobacco −55.0 %; alcohol −61.5 %; cannabis −44.3 %). Differences in harmfulness perception trends were observed between adolescents who used the substance in the previous month and those who did not, with a generally more pronounced change in perceived harm among those with recent use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over two decades, harmfulness perception of tobacco and alcohol increased, while cannabis perceptions remained stable or decreased. Changing perceptions, particularly the decline in perceived harmfulness of daily cannabis use, should be monitored to prevent potential future increases in use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial diversity in cannabis use disorder research: A systematic review","authors":"Mallet R. Reid ,&nbsp;Blake Reynolds ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cape ,&nbsp;Zara Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hashim Ali ,&nbsp;Edgar Jaimes-Bautista ,&nbsp;Connor Gott ,&nbsp;Arturo Barajas ,&nbsp;Frank Müller ,&nbsp;Omayma Alshaarawy","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several groups of people of color have a higher prevalence and more severe cases of cannabis use disorder (CUD) compared to White people. They also endure unique issues like racial discrimination, which are linked with an increased likelihood of CUD. We conducted a systematic review to identify the number of people of color in CUD behavioral health RCTs and whether researchers designed interventions to address people of color’s unique challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov for CUD behavioral health RCTs implemented in the United States for adults. We identified 14 out of 966 from 1994 to 2025 for review (12 published, two in ClinicalTrials.gov, completed but not published).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>White people comprise ~64 % of all participants, and were included at rates 49 times greater than their share of CUD cases. Black people comprise ~19 %, Latiné people 5 %, multiracial/other 0.8 %, Asians 0.6 %, and Indigenous people 0.4 %. No studies were culturally adapted or were designed to address people of color’s unique challenges (e.g., racial discrimination). Racial sample diversity has not improved over time.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>People of color are significantly underincluded in CUD RCTs despite their heightened prevalence and CUD severity. This limits research’s generalizability and applicability to people of color. Further, the lack of research into people of color’s unique challenges may hinder therapists from meeting the full range of people of color’s needs. Finally, despite decades of calls to increase racial sample diversity in RCTs, people of color’s inclusion has remained low in CUD RCTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline electrophysiological markers of reward and error processing are associated with improved outcomes in prize-based contingency management","authors":"Sarah E. Forster ,&nbsp;Steven D. Forman ,&nbsp;Michael Walsh Dickey ,&nbsp;Greg J. Siegle ,&nbsp;Stuart R. Steinhauer","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Veterans are disproportionately affected by cocaine use disorder (CUD), a condition without approved pharmacotherapies, marked by high return to use rates. Prize-Based Contingency Management (PBCM) is an effective behavioral intervention, but treatment response varies. Electrophysiological and cognitive measures may help identify who is likely to benefit from specific PBCM variants. This study evaluates whether neurocognitive profiles predict differential response to monetary versus tangible reward-based PBCM, with the goal of informing measurement-based, personalized treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five Veterans with CUD completed EEG and cognitive assessments before randomization to a 12-week treatment trial evaluating PBCM with either tangible or voucher rewards. Manipulation checks validated the measurement approach for candidate neurocognitive predictors. Treatment outcomes were analyzed using longitudinal logistic regression across 24 possible PBCM sessions. A forward selection approach guided model building, and generalizability was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Manipulation checks confirmed expected neurocognitive effects across tasks. Modeling identified greater anticipatory alpha suppression to tangible reward, larger ERN amplitudes, and lower craving as significant predictors of abstinence. Voucher PBCM, younger age, and earlier timepoints were also associated with better outcomes. Model 1 demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.773), with no added benefit from predictor-by-treatment interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the potential of neurocognitive markers associated with PBCM outcomes in Veterans with CUD to inform treatment development and personalization. Baseline features did not predict differential outcomes by reward type; instead, tangible rewards were generally linked to poorer outcomes. Findings therefore also support the broad utility of abstract, voucher-based rewards in PBCM treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing of controlled substances to adolescents and young adults enrolled in Medicaid, 2001–2019","authors":"Greta Bushnell ,&nbsp;Mark Olfson ,&nbsp;Kristen Lloyd ,&nbsp;Stephanie Shiau ,&nbsp;Tobias Gerhard ,&nbsp;Katherine M Keyes ,&nbsp;Deborah Hasin ,&nbsp;Magdalena Cerdá ,&nbsp;Hillary Samples","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine nationwide trends in the prescribing of controlled medications to early adolescents, adolescents, and young adults enrolled in public insurance (Medicaid) from 2001 to 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized US Medicaid data covering publicly insured enrollees from 43 states (2001–2019). Early adolescents (10–12<!--> <!-->y), adolescents (13–17<!--> <!-->y), and young adults (18–24<!--> <!-->y, 25–29<!--> <!-->y) with ≥ 10 months enrollment in each calendar year were included. Filled prescription for opioids, stimulants, benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics, barbiturates, and gabapentin were identified. In each calendar year, annual proportions with 1 +  controlled medication, 2 +  classes of controlled medications, and each controlled medication were estimated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2019, the sample included 17.9 million enrollees (53 % female). The annual proportion prescribed any controlled medication peaked at 17.5 % in early adolescents (2003), 20.6 % in adolescents (2009), and 34.1 % (18–24<!--> <!-->y) and 47.0 % (25–29<!--> <!-->y) in young adults (2010). By 2019, the proportions declined to 11.7 % (early adolescents), 12.6 % (adolescents), 16.2 % (18–24<!--> <!-->y), and 23.9 % (25–29<!--> <!-->y). Trends varied by medication and age. The largest absolute decline was in the proportion with an opioid filled (2010 =29.8 %, 2019 =11.2 %, young adults 18–24<!--> <!-->y; 2003 =14.3 %, 2019 =4.4 %, adolescents). In contrast, the proportion with a stimulant fill increased, with eight-fold increases in young adults 25–29<!--> <!-->y (2001 =0.3 %, 2019 =2.6 %). Benzodiazepine and Z-hypnotic use peaked in 2010 and declined through 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the past two decades, there were increases in stimulant prescriptions among young Medicaid enrollees. The declines in opioid, benzodiazepines, barbiturate and Z-hypnotic prescribing are encouraging and may indicate more cautious prescribing related to greater awareness of harms such as misuse and overdose, along with policy initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing data compatibility in an evolving landscape: Medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols in the PhenX Toolkit","authors":"Anne Buu ,&nbsp;Johannes Thrul ,&nbsp;Amanda Bunting ,&nbsp;Tamara Haegerich ,&nbsp;Wayne Huggins ,&nbsp;Christian Hopfer ,&nbsp;Denise Vidot ,&nbsp;Cataia Ives ,&nbsp;Ryan McNeil ,&nbsp;Sarah Zemore ,&nbsp;Corrie Vilsaint ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Fallon ,&nbsp;Christine Hill ,&nbsp;Carol Hamilton ,&nbsp;John Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>With increasing legalization of medical cannabis and prevalence of polysubstance use in the United States comes the need for standard psychometrically validated measures to study these substances’ health effects in the population. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (www.phenxtoolkit.org) is a freely accessible catalog of recommended measurement protocols to promote data compatibility across studies, but this extensive catalog did not include measures in these important areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2024, a PhenX Working Group of experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in studies on medical cannabis and polysubstance use. The broader scientific community was invited to review and provide feedback that was considered in the process of finalizing recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2025, the PhenX Toolkit released 15 new medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols, which assess medical and other cannabis use—including consumption levels, product types, sources, motives, expectancies, medical card status, provider–patient communication, and biochemical validation—as well as polysubstance use patterns and related overdose risk. These protocols complement existing substance-related content in PhenX Toolkit and facilitate future development of knowledge on health effects of cannabis and polysubstance use and clinical guidance on safety or dosing for medical cannabis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Researchers are encouraged to adopt these measurement protocols, so results across studies can be better compared and combined to efficiently and reliably evaluate the health effects of medical cannabis and polysubstance use. Measures in these domains will continue to be updated as new knowledge is gained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very low nicotine content cigarettes for smoking cessation: Examining a facilitated extinction approach and dosing schedule","authors":"David J. Drobes ,&nbsp;Steven K. Sutton ,&nbsp;Melissa R. Conn ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Brandon ,&nbsp;Min-Jeong Yang ,&nbsp;Leslie E. Sawyer ,&nbsp;Dorothy K. Hatsukami ,&nbsp;Eric C. Donny ,&nbsp;Vani N. Simmons","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated a behavioral intervention (facilitated extinction versus standard cessation counseling) and Very Low Nicotine Content (VLNC) reduction schedule (immediate versus gradual) for smoking cessation in a 2 × 2 design over 5 weeks prior to target quit date (TQD). The facilitated extinction strategies included maintaining the smoking rate across multiple smoking contexts to maximize extinction processes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Treatment-seeking individuals who smoke cigarettes were randomized to one of four conditions. The initial target sample size was 208 to detect differences in abstinence two months post-treatment. Due to the study pause with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we achieved a sample size of 127 (58 % female). Primary outcomes were treatment feasibility and in-treatment measures, including weekly self-reports of cigarettes per day (CPD), reinforcing effects of smoking, and cravings to smoke study cigarettes. Treatment satisfaction was assessed at TQD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Treatment completion at 80 % supports feasibility, with a higher rate for gradual reduction groups (88 % versus 72 %, <em>p</em> = .026). High adherence to VLNC cigarettes across 5 weeks also supports feasibility. Mixed models found reduced craving to smoke study cigarettes (<em>p</em> &lt; .001), reduced satisfaction with smoking (<em>p</em> &lt; .001), and a decrease in study CPD (<em>p</em> &lt; .001), with a greater decrease in CPD in immediate reduction groups (<em>p</em> = .006). Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence two months post-treatment was 29 % and 31 % with missing data imputed as smoking, with no group differences. Overall high treatment satisfaction (M=3.8 out of 4) supports acceptability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest VLNC cigarettes may aid broadly in cessation efforts and demonstrate feasibility for larger trials</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking acute nicotine self-administration in inhaled tobacco products: A randomized clinical trial with ENDS in young adults","authors":"Mario El Hourani,&nbsp;Soha Talih,&nbsp;Rola Salman,&nbsp;Nareg Karaoghlanian,&nbsp;Eliana Hanna,&nbsp;Rachel El Hage,&nbsp;Alan Shihadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Puffing behavior is often interpreted through a nicotine titration model, which posits that individuals adjust puffing to achieve the central nervous system effects of nicotine. This model has been invoked frequently to explain the phenomenon of “compensation,” in which people increase puffing intensity when using reduced-nicotine products. However, puffing patterns may also be governed by sensory feedback in the upper airways. This study tests that hypothesis using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a model.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Within-subject, double-blind clinical study using a puff-by-puff switching protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Clinical Aerosol Technology Lab, American University of Beirut; December 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><div>Ten adults who consume both ENDS and cigarettes completed three randomized directed puffing bouts during a single clinical lab visit. In each bout, they alternated puffs between two identical ENDS devices differing by one design factor: (1) power (20<!--> <!-->W vs 40<!--> <!-->W, 0<!--> <!-->mg/ml nicotine); (2) power (20<!--> <!-->W vs 40<!--> <!-->W, matched nicotine flux); (3) PG:VG ratio (30:70 vs 70:30).</div></div><div><h3>Outcomes</h3><div>Puff topography and sensory feedback (mouthful, draw effort, throat hit) measured on a puff-by-puff basis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Puff duration responded immediately and reversibly to changes in sensory feedback. At higher power, participants reported stronger mouthful, easier draw, and took shorter puffs regardless of nicotine content (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). At matched flux, computed nicotine dose was lower at 40<!--> <!-->W than 20<!--> <!-->W (<em>p</em> &lt; .01). PG:VG effects were also significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Puffing behavior appears to be driven by sensory cues, not delayed nicotine effects—highlighting an underused regulatory pathway: targeting product design features that shape perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}