Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the societal cost of heroin dependence in an Australian population engaged in treatment or harm reduction services","authors":"Natasha Hall ,&nbsp;Long Le ,&nbsp;Julie Abimanyi-Ochom ,&nbsp;Christina Marel ,&nbsp;Katherine Mills ,&nbsp;Maree Teesson ,&nbsp;Cathrine Mihalopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Heroin dependence is a public health concern in Australia. High mortality rates, increased risk of physical/mental health comorbidities and increased risk of social issues contribute to a high personal and societal cost. The aim of this paper is to understand the societal cost of heroin dependence in an Australian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A longitudinal cohort study of 600 people with heroin dependence were interviewed at five timepoints. Resource use was determined from interviews and was multiplied by unit costs to estimate the annual healthcare, productivity, crime and other costs (homelessness, heroin drug and prison costs). The monetary value of premature mortality was calculated using the value of a statistical life year method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The annual mean societal cost of heroin dependence in Australia was A$120,599/person. This included healthcare costs (A$10,055), lost productivity costs (A$63,158), crime costs (A$7204) and other costs (A$40,182). Healthcare costs, lost productivity costs, crime costs and other costs trended downwards over the five waves. Lost productivity was the highest cost contributor (52 %), followed by heroin drug (25 %). The estimated number of life years lost due to heroin over the 11-year study period was 2703 years, which approximates to a monetary value of premature death of $213 million.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><div>The significant societal cost emphasises the importance of providing resources to heroin dependence. The cost of lost productivity, crime and heroin contributed to over 80 % of the total costs, which highlights the illicit nature and reduced capacity to work contributes to the high costs to society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013723/pdfft?md5=b817daea5f3121e835c69936bb1d138d&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013723-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is severe alcohol use disorder really associated with increased utilitarian moral judgment? Exploration using the CNI model","authors":"Mado Gautier ,&nbsp;Jessica Mange ,&nbsp;Xavier De Longueville ,&nbsp;Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The psychology of moral decision-making classically contrasts utilitarianism (based on consequences) and deontology (based on moral norms). Previous studies capitalizing on this dichotomy have suggested the presence of a utilitarian bias among patients with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). We aimed to further disentangle the processes involved in such bias through a more validated approach, the CNI model of moral decision-making. This model allows to go further than the classical approach by distinguishing sensitivity to consequences (C), to moral norms (N), and general preference for inaction over action (I) in response to moral dilemmas.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-four recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 34 matched control participants completed a battery of 48 dilemmas derived from the CNI model, as well as social cognition tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In contrast with the utilitarian bias suggested in previous studies based on the classical approach, patients with SAUD did not show an increased sensitivity to consequences in comparison with control participants. However, they showed a reduced sensitivity to moral norms, as well as a greater action tendency. These biases were not related to social cognition deficits.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with SAUD are not more utilitarian than healthy controls, this previously reported bias being artificially generated by the methodological limits of the classical approach. Instead, they present a reduced sensitivity to moral norms and an action bias, which might impact their interpersonal relations and contribute to the social isolation frequently reported in this population, thus identifying moral decision-making as a new therapeutic lever in SAUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl test strip use among people who use drugs in Rhode Island","authors":"Jacqueline E. Goldman ,&nbsp;Carolyn J. Park ,&nbsp;Julia Trombley ,&nbsp;Ju Nyeong Park ,&nbsp;Jane A. Buxton ,&nbsp;Scott E. Hadland ,&nbsp;Alexandria Macmadu ,&nbsp;Brandon DL Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Illicitly manufactured fentanyl accounts for a majority of overdose fatalities in the US. Research has demonstrated that fentanyl test strips (FTS) help people who use drugs (PWUD) avoid unintended exposure to fentanyl and overdose. This study assesses characteristics associated with FTS use among PWUD in Rhode Island. Such findings may shed light on whether there are subgroups of PWUD who are less likely to be using FTS and therefore may benefit from their use.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From September 2020 - February 2023, participants were recruited to participate in RAPIDS, a clinical trial assessing whether FTS provision can reduce overdose rates. Baseline data were used to assess correlates of lifetime FTS use through bivariable and multivariable analyses. We also examined drug testing patterns relating to FTS use in the past month.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 509 people enrolled, 376 (73.9 %) had heard of FTS before enrollment. Among this group, 189 (50.3 %) reported lifetime FTS use and 98 (26.1 %) reported use in the last month. In bivariable analyses, lifetime injection drug use, responding to an overdose, and drug selling were associated with FTS use. Solitary drug use was not associated with FTS uptake. In the multivariable analysis, gender and lifetime naloxone administration were associated with FTS use. Of those who used FTS in the past month, 76.5 % had at least one test that was positive for fentanyl.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found high uptake of FTS use among PWUD in Rhode Island. Our results also suggest a need for targeted outreach to increase FTS uptake among sub-groups of PWUD.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><p>The Rhode Island Prescription and Illicit Drug Study is a registered clinical trial, NCT043722838</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of HIV among patients presenting to US emergency departments with opioid overdose","authors":"Michael Levine ,&nbsp;Rachel Culbreth ,&nbsp;Alexandra Amaducci ,&nbsp;Diane P. Calello ,&nbsp;Joshua Shulman ,&nbsp;Bryan Judge ,&nbsp;Jennifer Love ,&nbsp;Adrienne Hughes ,&nbsp;Evan S. Schwarz ,&nbsp;Joseph Carpenter ,&nbsp;Paul Wax ,&nbsp;Kim Aldy ,&nbsp;Alex J. Krotulski ,&nbsp;Barry K. Logan ,&nbsp;Jennie Buchanan ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Brent ,&nbsp;Christopher W. Meaden ,&nbsp;Robert G. Hendrickson ,&nbsp;Stephanie Abston ,&nbsp;Shao Li ,&nbsp;Alex F. Manini","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Opioid overdose deaths in the U.S. have risen dramatically in the past decade, largely due to the surge in illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Injection drug use is a known risk factor for HIV, further complicating the long-term consequences of opioid use. The baseline prevalence of HIV among adults in the US is 0.46 %. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HIV among patients presenting to the emergency departments (ED) with an acute opioid overdose.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is a prospective observational cohort study from the ToxIC Fentalog Study group. Patients age 18 years of age or older are included if they present to one of 10 participating U.S. hospitals in 9 states between September 2020 and May 2023 with a suspected opioid overdose and had waste serum available after routine laboratory testing. Clinical data is collected from the medical record and patient serum is sent for comprehensive toxicologic analysis via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to detect the presence of over 1200 substances including illicit opioids, novel synthetic opioids, medications, and adulterants. Logistic multivariable regression was performed to examine the association between demographic, behavioral, and serum toxicology data with risk factors and HIV status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the total cohort (n=1690), 1062 cases had known HIV status (62.8 % of total sample). Among patients with a known HIV status, 60 (5.6 % [95 % CI: 4.2 %, 7.0 %]) were HIV positive. Patients with HIV reported stimulant use more frequently (13.3 %) than those without HIV (6.8 %; p=0.003). After controlling for confounding, bipolar psychiatric history was a significant independent predictor of HIV positivity (aOR: 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.13) in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this large multicenter cohort, the prevalence of HIV for ED patients with illicit opioid overdose was 9 times higher than that expected by the general population. Bipolar disorder appears to be a novel risk factor for HIV positivity in this patient population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in substance use disorder: A systematic review of randomized trials","authors":"Silvia Martinelli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Mazzotta ,&nbsp;Mattia Longaroni ,&nbsp;Niccolò Petrucciani","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Increasing evidence suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have a potential use in addiction treatment. Few studies have assessed the impact of GLP-1RA on substance use disorder (SUD), particularly in humans. The study aimed to do systematic review of clinical trials to assess GLP-1RA's effect on reducing SUD in patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The scientific literature was reviewed using the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies including patients with a diagnosis of SU who were treated with GLP-1RA were selected. The primary outcome was GLP-1RA's therapeutic effect on SUD, and the secondary outcomes were therapeutic effects of GLP-1RA on weight, BMI and HbA1c.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>1218 studies were retrieved, resulting in 507 papers after title and abstract screening. Following full-text review, only 5 articles met inclusion criteria. We incorporated a total of 630 participants utilizing Exenatide (n=3) and Dulaglutide (n=2) as GLP-1RAs. Therapeutic effect of GLP-1RA on SUD was assessed in 5 studies, with 3 demonstrating a significant decrease in SUD (alcohol and nicotine). GLP-1RA's impact on body weight, BMI, and HbA1c, was reported in 3 studies. These revealed a notable reduction in these parameters among the GLP-1RA treated group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This review will give an overview of current new findings in human studies; we suggest that the effects of GLP-1RA in SUD is a possible new option of therapy in addiction medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013498/pdfft?md5=dd700358e8821ab7d884c2fdd369f53a&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013498-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suvorexant enhances oxycodone-induced respiratory depression in male rats","authors":"Eliseu D.C. Moreira-Junior,&nbsp;James K. Rowlett,&nbsp;Lais F. Berro","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Recent studies have proposed the use of dual orexin receptor antagonists, such as suvorexant, for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid-related sleep disturbances because of orexin’s role in sleep-wake regulation and addiction. Accumulating evidence suggests that orexin is also an important modulator of respiratory function, raising the possibility of adverse respiratory events when combining orexin antagonists and opioids. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of suvorexant, alone or in combination with the opioid oxycodone, on pulmonary ventilation in male rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult, male Sprague Dawley rats received treatments with vehicle, oxycodone (3 and 10<!--> <!-->mg/kg, i.p.) or suvorexant (10 and 18<!--> <!-->mg/kg, i.p.), and respiratory measures were obtained using whole-body plethysmography. We then tested the effects of a combination of suvorexant (10 and 18<!--> <!-->mg/kg, i.p.) and the highest dose of oxycodone that did not suppress respiration alone (3<!--> <!-->mg/kg, i.p).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Oxycodone induced respiratory depression at 10<!--> <!-->mg/kg, but not 3.0<!--> <!-->mg/kg; as evident by significant decreases in minute volume (mls/min) and tidal volume (mls). Suvorexant alone did not alter any respiratory measures at the doses tested. When combined, 18<!--> <!-->mg/kg (but not 10<!--> <!-->mg/kg) suvorexant plus an ineffective dose of oxycodone significantly decreased minute and tidal volume compared with vehicle and either drug alone, whereas respiratory frequency was significantly decreased compared with vehicle.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings show that suvorexant, at a dose associated with sleep promotion and blockade of oxycodone self-administration, robustly enhanced oxycodone-induced respiratory depression in male rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social addiction or nicotine addiction? The effect of smoking social motivation on inhibitory control under smoking social cues: Evidence from ERPs","authors":"Boqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Haide Chen ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhang ,&nbsp;XinWei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Previous studies and theoretical models suggest that the decreasing effect of smoking-related cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke is one of the underlying mechanisms of smoking behavior. However, many studies have overlooked the effects of other types of smoking-related cues, such as social cues. Moreover, previous studies have lacked investigation into whether this decreasing effect is influenced by internal factors. The present study aims to integrate behavioral and electrophysiological indicators to investigate the effect of smoking social cues on inhibitory control in individuals who smoke, as well as the moderating role of social motivations.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In Experiment 1, a visual Go/NoGo paradigm with four types of backgrounds (neutral, neutral social, smoking object, and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates and reaction times of 32 participants who smoke. In Experiment 2, the Go/NoGo paradigm with two types of backgrounds (smoking object and smoking social backgrounds) was used to record the error rates, reaction times, and amplitudes of the N2 and P3 event-related potentials among 30 participants who smoke with varying degrees of primed smoking social motivation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(1) Individuals who smoke had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background; (2) individuals who smoke with primed high smoking social motivation, rather than low motivation had higher commission error rates and larger P3 amplitude under smoking social background than under smoking object background.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Smoking social cues have a greater capacity to decrease inhibitory control in people who smoke than smoking object cues, and this decreasing effect is bolstered by smoking social motivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impact of emotional and social loneliness on daily alcohol consumption in individuals with alcohol use disorder","authors":"Brendan E. Walsh,&nbsp;Robert C. Schlauch","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Loneliness is a predisposing and maintaining factor of alcohol use behavior. Several studies have linked loneliness to daily drinking and elevated alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk; however, operationalizations of both loneliness and drinking have varied greatly.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current study adopted a multidimensional framework of loneliness (i.e., emotional and social subtypes) to examine daily prospective relations between loneliness and drinking among non-treatment seeking individuals with AUD. Participants (<em>N</em>= 60) reported on current loneliness and drinking twice daily for 14-days. Scores on emotional and social loneliness were disaggregated into within- and between-person predictors, and a multilevel hurdle model proxy was fitted with drinking likelihood (logistic) and quantity (zero truncated negative binomial) specified as separate outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Emotional loneliness (within-person) was associated with increased drinking likelihood (<em>OR</em>=1.05, 95 % BCI [1.01, 1.10]) and quantity (<em>IRR=</em>1.05, 95 % BCI [1.02, 1.09]), while social loneliness (within-person) was associated with decreases in both drinking likelihood (<em>OR</em>=.94, 95 % BCI [.89,.99]) and quantity (<em>IRR</em>=.96, 95 % BCI [.93,.99]). Between-person loneliness scores were unrelated to both outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These discrepant findings by loneliness subtype may be ascribed to differences in subjective manifestations, in that emotional loneliness is a more severe form of loneliness that overlaps significantly with other negative affective states and promotes a coping response, while social loneliness may be readily alleviated by adaptive behavioral strategies for some, and social withdrawal for others. These findings offer insight into the nuances of loneliness-drinking relations and their clinical implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting cannabis use moderation among a sample of digital self-help subscribers: A machine learning study","authors":"Marleen I.A. Olthof ,&nbsp;Lucas A. Ramos ,&nbsp;Margriet W. van Laar ,&nbsp;Anna E. Goudriaan ,&nbsp;Matthijs Blankers","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>For individuals who wish to reduce their cannabis use without formal help, there are a variety of self-help tools available. Although some are proven to be effective in reducing cannabis use, effect sizes are typically small. More insight into predictors of successful reduction of use among individuals who frequently use cannabis and desire to reduce/quit could help identify factors that contribute to successful cannabis use moderation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data taken from a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of the digital cannabis intervention ICan to four online modules of educational information on cannabis. For the current study, we included 253 participants. Success was defined as reducing the grams of cannabis used in the past 7 days at baseline by at least 50 % at 6-month follow-up. To train and evaluate the machine learning models we used a nested k-fold cross-validation procedure.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that the two models applied had comparable low AUROC values of .61 (Random Forest) and .57 (Logistic Regression). Not identifying oneself as a cannabis user, not using tobacco products, high levels of depressive symptoms, high levels of psychological distress and high initial cannabis use values were the relatively most important predictors for success, although overall the associations were not strong.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study found only modest prediction accuracy when using machine learning models to predict success among individuals who use cannabis and desire to reduce/quit and show interest in digital self-help tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871624013565/pdfft?md5=127013e38f5e81aa741672271d4c5927&pid=1-s2.0-S0376871624013565-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive analysis of recommendations made by county-level overdose fatality review teams in indiana to combat the opioid epidemic","authors":"Allyson L. Dir ,&nbsp;Logan Gillenwater ,&nbsp;Melvin Wao ,&nbsp;Jamie Smith ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Short ,&nbsp;Katherine Schwartz ,&nbsp;Khairi Reda ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Aalsma ,&nbsp;Bradley Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overdose fatality review teams (OFRTs) are becoming more common across U.S. communities as a means of addressing the overdose epidemic and improving local overdose prevention strategies; however, empirical examinations of the work of OFRTs are lacking. The current study seeks to characterize recommendations for local overdose prevention strategies made by county-level OFRTs across Indiana in order to understand their practices.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative descriptive content analysis was conducted on recommendations made by 19 county-level OFRTs across Indiana in 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>OFRTs generated 1512 recommendations during 2022 based on case reviews of 291 overdose deaths occurring across 19 Indiana counties; of those, 26.8 % (n=405) were specific to the case reviewed, rather than relevant to the broader community, and were not further coded. The remaining 1109 recommendations were coded according to their overall scope, recommendation strategy, and target agency. The most common recommendations addressed substance use more broadly (e.g., improving substance use screening/assessment in healthcare settings), followed by recommendations directly addressing overdose risk (e.g., naloxone distribution, increasing harm reduction programs). Other common recommendations related to mental health, OFRT practices, and addressing social determinants of health. Common recommendation strategies were to implement new services or service improvements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results highlight the extent of further efforts needed to improve overdose prevention and the need for further research and support of OFRTs across the United States.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}