Metal exposures among Native Americans who inject methamphetamine

IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Michael Anastario , Aaron Specht , Andrea Suarez , Paula Firemoon , Courtney Roper
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Methamphetamine injection is associated with disease outcomes that may be amplified by environmental toxicants such as metals contaminating methamphetamine preparations. This study evaluates how exposure to metals and Pb accumulation vary relative to filtration practices among Indigenous people who inject methamphetamine.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 100 Fort Peck Tribal members (60 people who inject methamphetamine, 40 referents) was conducted. Questionnaires were administered, and portable x-ray fluorescence measured Pb in tibial bones, metals in used syringes, and seized methamphetamine.

Results

Mean tibial bone Pb concentration did not vary between referents (13.1 μg/g, 95 % CI: 11.2–14.9) and people who inject methamphetamine (12.1 μg/g, 95 % CI: 10.9–13.3), but an interaction effect suggests that years of injection methamphetamine use across the lifespan is positively associated with tibial bone Pb concentration when filtration methods were not reported. In used syringes, Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Tungsten (W), Nickel (Ni), and Mercury (Hg) mercury were detected. Participants who filtered their injection preparation had a lower mean number of metals detected in their syringes (0.19, 95 % CI: −0.06–0.45) compared to non-filterers (0.65, 95 % CI: 0.22–1.08). Zn and Ni were detected in seized methamphetamine samples provided by local law enforcement.

Conclusions

Significant variation in metals was detected between filterers and nonfilterers. More research on optimizing filtration techniques to remove metals is warranted.
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来源期刊
Drug and alcohol dependence
Drug and alcohol dependence 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
409
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: Drug and Alcohol Dependence is an international journal devoted to publishing original research, scholarly reviews, commentaries, and policy analyses in the area of drug, alcohol and tobacco use and dependence. Articles range from studies of the chemistry of substances of abuse, their actions at molecular and cellular sites, in vitro and in vivo investigations of their biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural actions, laboratory-based and clinical research in humans, substance abuse treatment and prevention research, and studies employing methods from epidemiology, sociology, and economics.
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