Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Root Perforations: Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, and Contemporary Repair Materials: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Desislava Tomlekova, Aleksandra Pecheva, Silviya Dimitrova","doi":"10.3390/dj14090574","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root perforations represent a pathological communication between the root canal system and the external root surface and are among the most serious complications in endodontics. Their occurrence leads to bacterial contamination and inflammatory tissue destruction, resulting in resorption of dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone, thereby compromising the tooth's long-term prognosis. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this review is to summarize current data regarding the etiology, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and contemporary materials used in the management of root perforations, with particular emphasis on recent advances in non-surgical treatment. <b>Methods:</b> A narrative literature review was conducted using sources from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. After applying a predefined search strategy of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 scientific sources published between 2003 and 2026 were included. <b>Results:</b> Current evidence indicates that the treatment outcome depends primarily on the location and size, prompt perforation sealing, bacterial contamination, and selection of restorative material. Cone-beam computed tomography has improved diagnostic accuracy, while a non-surgical approach remains the preferred approach in most clinical situations. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) continues to be the reference standard material due to its biocompatibility, bioactivity and sealing ability. New-generation calcium-silicate bioceramics offer improved physicochemical properties, while maintaining favorable biological properties. Regenerative materials have shown promising potential to enhance healing processes, but available evidence remains limited. <b>Conclusions:</b> Successful treatment of root perforations requires early diagnosis, timely repair of the defect, effective bacterial control, and use of bioactive materials with reliable sealing and regenerative properties. Modern calcium-silicate bioceramics have improved non-surgical treatment predictability, whereas regenerative approaches appear to be a promising alternative that requires further clinical studies to develop standardized therapeutic protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conservative Restorative Protocol for Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: Clinical Success and Rapid Pain Relief in a 27-Case Series with 36-Month Follow-Up.","authors":"Zachary Zhaoqian Pan, Thomas Pan","doi":"10.3390/dj14090571","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) is conventionally treated with pulp tissue removal via root canal treatment, pulpectomy, or pulpotomy. This case series introduces the Pulpitis Restorative Protocol (PRP), a novel method used to treat SIP without pulp removal, relieve pain, and maintain a positive pulp sensibility response. <b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective case series (March 2022-March 2025), 17 SIP patients (plus 10 reversible pulpitis [RP] control cases) were treated with the PRP utilizing a bioactive glutaraldehyde (GA)-resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) solid matrix. Follow-up to 36 months (average 17.37 ± 9.61 months) included clinical examination, cold sensibility testing, and radiographs. <b>Results</b>: Treatment was successful in 15/17 SIP cases, an 88.2% success rate, and 9/10 RP cases, a 90.0% success rate. Overall, a total of 24 of 27 cases were successful, a rate of 88.89%. Success criteria were the absence of pain, no soft-tissue abnormality, a positive cold test response, and no radiographic apical lesions. No failures occurred in the first year; two cases failed in the second year and one in the third year. The PRP provided favorable pain relief: 74.1% of patients reported minimal post-operative pain (0-1/10 VAS) the evening of treatment, and 96.3% of patients reported no pain at 24 h without analgesics. All 24 successful cases maintained a positive pulp sensibility response at their final visit. Radiographs were stable in 24 cases. In vitro <i>experiments showed</i> that the GA-RMGI solid matrix exhibits contact-independent bactericidal activity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The PRP provides a promising approach to SIP management, offering a conservative, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to conventional endodontic treatments alongside favorable pain relief. Its clinical significance warrants further verification in various clinical settings and randomized clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Paper to Pixels-A Narrative Review of Occlusal Analysis.","authors":"May Aljanahi, Gerry Mckenna, Keyvan Moharamzadeh, Haitham Elbishari","doi":"10.3390/dj14090573","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Occlusal analysis plays a key role in restorative and prosthodontic treatment, influencing diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term outcomes. This narrative review provides an overview of conventional and digital methods for occlusal analysis and their clinical applications. <b>Methods</b>: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications on conventional and digital occlusal analysis. The retrieved literature was reviewed and synthesized narratively. <b>Results</b>: Conventional methods, including articulating paper, shimstock foil, films, sprays, and waxes, remain widely used because of their simplicity and accessibility but are limited by subjective interpretation and the inability to quantify occlusal forces. Digital technologies, including T-Scan, OccluSense, Accura, intraoral scanners, virtual articulators, and jaw-tracking systems, provide objective information on occlusal contacts, force distribution, timing, and mandibular movements. However, their use may be limited by cost, technical requirements, and operator training. <b>Conclusions</b>: Conventional methods remain valuable in daily clinical practice, while digital technologies provide objective data that can enhance occlusal assessment and treatment planning. As digital workflows continue to evolve, structured training and standardized clinical protocols will be important for their successful integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania.","authors":"Alin Flavius Cozmescu, Ana Cernega, Andreea Cristiana Didilescu, Marina Meleșcanu Imre, Cristian Funieru, Silviu-Mirel Pițuru","doi":"10.3390/dj14090572","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies into dental practice is reshaping clinical workflows, administrative processes, and, increasingly, the patient experience and the doctor-patient relationship. While prior research has documented the attitudes of clinicians and practice managers, the perspective of the patient remains comparatively underexplored. This study examined how dental patients perceive AI integration and digital tools across the dental care pathway, together with the associated implications for data security, cost, and the human dimension of care. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 200 dental patients in Bucharest, Romania, and the surrounding region. The instrument assessed perceived difficulty and availability regarding digital technology, current use of digital tools, demographic and educational characteristics (age, gender, practice environment, educational level), and two attitudinal dimensions, namely digital prudence and concern for technological sustainability, across five subdomains of the dental care pathway: scheduling, diagnosis, treatment planning, feedback, and follow-up (dispensarization). Responses were analyzed using non-parametric tests and exploratory principal component analysis with internal-consistency validation. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patients expressed moderate-to-high interest in AI support during the diagnostic (median = 3.3, IQR = 2.7-3.9) and feedback (median = 3.11, IQR = 2.78-3.67) stages and the lowest interest in scheduling (median = 2.7, IQR = 2.0-3.3). A marked level of digital prudence was observed (median = 3.24, IQR = 2.82-3.61), reflecting concerns about data security, automation, and a possible weakening of the clinician-patient bond. Younger and academically educated patients reported lower perceived difficulty, higher availability, and greater current use of digital tools (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001); counterintuitively, the same patients scored significantly higher on digital prudence (Spearman's ρ = -0.260, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Greater familiarity with digital tools was therefore accompanied by a more critical awareness of their informational risks rather than by uncritical acceptance. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Dental patients approach AI through a dual lens of openness and informed caution, welcoming efficiency gains in the clinical and continuity-of-care stages while voicing measured concerns about data security, affordability, and the preservation of human contact. To interpret this profile, we propose two conceptual contributions: a mapping of patient needs onto Maslow's hierarchy in the context of AI-mediated care and the Informational VUCA framework, which characterizes the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity that patients face when navigating AI-generated information. The findings point to a clear practical agenda of transparent communication, robust data governance, and educ","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Systemic Diseases and Dental Pulp Diagnoses: A Retrospective Chart Study Using a Locally Deployed Large Language Model.","authors":"Yoshifumi Kobayashi, Shuying Jiang, Jia Huang, Tami Kim, Kathryn Roeder, Liyaa Chen, Nika S Kobayashi, Daniel H Fine, Emi Shimizu","doi":"10.3390/dj14090575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) statistical investigation of the association between systemic diseases and dental pulp condition; and (2) utilization of locally running large language models (LLMs) to handle a large number of dental charts written in natural languages, while protecting patients' information. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 5820 endodontic charts, including healthy controls and patients with a history of cancer, HIV, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), and type 2 DM, were selected from 15,147 samples. Using a local LLM environment, the dental charts from each group were classified into six categories: normal pulp (NP); reversible pulpitis (RP); asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (AIP); symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP); pulp necrosis (PN); and \"others\", including unclear diagnoses. The distributions of these diagnoses across groups were statistically analyzed. <b>Results</b>: The prompt for the local LLM was repeatedly refined by classifying 400 test cases, resulting in 97.0% agreement with the judgments of three human dentists. The refined prompt was then applied to classify 5820 charts, followed by statistical analyses. Using a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM), the cancer-history group showed a significantly higher NP and a lower AIP proportion, whereas the type 2 DM group showed a significantly lower AIP and a higher SIP proportion. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings in the cancer-history group could be attributable to a worsened oral environment in the patients and difficulties in diagnosing AIP. Meanwhile, the lower proportion of AIP and higher proportion of SIP in type 2 DM group may reflect pulpal inflammation associated with the disease. Additional attention may be warranted for caries' prevention and treatment in patients with type 2 DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth Detection and Numbering Performance of Two AI-Based Systems on Panoramic Radiographs: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Sara M ElKhateeb, Eman Allam, Heba H Bakhsh, Dur Alomair, Nada Ahmed AlShehri, Nozha Sawan","doi":"10.3390/dj14090569","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate and compare the tooth detection and numbering performance of two commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software systems, ThakaaMed and EM2AI, in the automated detection and numbering of permanent teeth on panoramic radiographs. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted using a randomized sample of 595 panoramic radiographs obtained from multiple dental outpatient facilities. The sample included patients aged 6-18 years with mixed or permanent dentition. Ground truth (GT) annotations were established independently by three experienced dental clinicians using the FDI tooth numbering system. Each radiograph was analyzed using ThakaaMed Dental IQ (Version 1.9) and EM2AI (Version 3.2.0), and AI-generated outputs were compared with GT annotations. Tooth detection and numbering performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and sensitivities and specificities were compared between the two AI systems across anatomical regions. Third molars were analyzed separately because of their variable developmental stages in mixed dentition radiographs. <b>Results:</b> EM2AI demonstrated superior performance in third molar detection compared with ThakaaMed. Excluding third molars, overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.81% for ThakaaMed and 99.48% for EM2AI. Regional analyses demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity for EM2AI in the upper anterior, lower anterior, and lower posterior regions, whereas no significant differences in specificity were observed between the two AI systems. EM2AI maintained consistently high tooth detection and numbering performance across anatomical regions. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both ThakaaMed and EM2AI demonstrated favorable tooth detection and numbering performance and potential utility as supportive tools in routine dental diagnostic and documentation workflows. EM2AI demonstrated greater consistency across anatomical regions and superior performance in third molar detection. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating AI systems across diverse anatomical regions and developmental stages when assessing their clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13604966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Influence of Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics: A Scoping Review of the Current Trends and Challenges.","authors":"Daiana Andrea Boca, Codruta-Eliza Ille, Anca Jivanescu","doi":"10.3390/dj14090570","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming prosthodontic procedures into data-driven support systems. This scoping review systematically maps the literature using an evidence maturity framework, distinguishing it from recent applications-focused compilations by Aljulayfi, Schwendicke, and others. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2023-March 2026) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines, supplemented by targeted manual citation tracking. Fifty studies were included in the review. <b>Results:</b> The evidence base comprises approximately half primary research (computational, in vitro, clinical) and half review articles. Foundational diagnostic CNNs report high technical performance metrics (i.e., sensitivity 98.67%, precision 78.12%), while generative CAD/CAM approaches reduce design time by up to 52% in vitro. However, the evidence synthesis reveals a significant gap between algorithmic efficacy and clinical utility. Most applications currently reside at the \"technical validation\" stage, while emerging domains such as large language models remain largely experimental. <b>Conclusions:</b> Impressive computational metrics do not automatically equate to patient-centered clinical benefits. Current AI systems must be regarded as adjunctive decision-support instruments rather than autonomous tools. Future research must prioritize prospective multicenter validation, implementation science, explainability, and robust regulatory oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Agreement Between Preoperative Digital Radiographic Measurements and Clinically Fitted Stainless Steel Crown Size in Primary Molars: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Mayar Alharbi, Eman Bakhurji, Ashwin C Shetty, Mohammed Alsaati, Yousef Alyousef","doi":"10.3390/dj14090566","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090566","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; Accurate selection of stainless steel crown (SSC) size is essential for successful restoration of primary molars. Conventional crown selection relies on a trial-and-error approach, which may increase chair time and reduce clinical efficiency. Preoperative digital radiographic measurements may provide an objective adjunct for predicting SSC size; however, evidence supporting their agreement with clinically selected crown sizes remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between preoperative digital radiographic measurements and clinically fitted SSC size in primary molars, and to assess whether this agreement is influenced by dental arch or tooth type. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed archived patient records and preoperative digital radiographs of pediatric patients who received SSCs on primary molars. Mesiodistal tooth dimensions were measured and converted to SSC sizes according to manufacturer guidelines. The clinically fitted and cemented crown size, as recorded in the patient chart, served as the reference standard against which radiographically predicted size was compared. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05). Given repeated teeth within patients, the primary logistic regression model was additionally re-fit using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) with an exchangeable working correlation structure and robust standard errors, and prediction error was further characterized using near-miss accuracy, direction of bias, weighted kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 152 primary molars from 71 patients were included. Intra-examiner reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.99). Radiographic prediction agreed with the clinically fitted crown size in 33.6% of cases, and 69.7% of predictions fell within one crown size of the cemented crown. Agreement was significantly higher for mandibular molars than maxillary molars (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010) and varied by tooth type (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Mandibular molars were more likely to show accurate prediction (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.23-5.17); this association remained statistically significant after accounting for within-patient clustering using GEEs with an exchangeable correlation structure (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.10-5.49; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029). Maxillary first molars showed a systematic under-prediction of exactly two crown sizes in 97% of cases (mean bias -2.00), identifying a specific, correctable calibration problem. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Preoperative digital radiographic measurements show moderate agreement with clinically fitted crown size and may serve as a useful adjunct to clinical judgment for SSC size selection, particularly for mandibular molars. Because the reference standard reflects clinical judgment itself rather than an independent anatomical gold standar","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitized Physical Impressions Optimize Apical Adaptation of Bio-Root Inlays for Apexification: A Comparison of Four Impression Techniques.","authors":"Yasser Alsayed Tolibah, Wahid Juha, Mhd Kheir Awad, Mohammad Tamer Abbara, Marwan Alhaji, Jihad Abou Nassar, Osama Aljabban, Nada Bshara, Ziad D Baghdadi","doi":"10.3390/dj14090568","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the three-dimensional adaptation of prefabricated Bio-Root inlays fabricated from impressions of simulated immature permanent root canals using four techniques: direct intraoral scanning (A), a light-body rubber impression digitized with an intraoral scanner (B), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based design (C), and a conventional indirect technique (D). <b>Methods</b>: Ten standardized simulated immature roots (extracted mandibular premolars prepared to a 1.5 mm apical diameter and 10 mm length) were used in a within-specimen comparative design, with each root receiving inlays fabricated by all four techniques. After fabrication and seating of the bioceramic inlays, the void percentage around each inlay was quantified by CBCT at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds relative to the baseline empty-canal volume. Data were analyzed using the Friedman, Wilcoxon signed-rank (Bonferroni-corrected), and linear mixed-model tests (α = 0.05). <b>Results</b>: Technique significantly affected void percentage (F(3,98) = 12.87, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Pooled across all canal thirds, Technique B had the lowest median void percentage (6.00 [7.00]), followed by A (8.00 [8.75]), C (12.00 [12.50]), and D (12.00 [19.00]). Independently of technique, the median void percentage increased from the coronal (6.00) to the middle (11.00) and apical (19.00) thirds. Differences among techniques were non-significant coronally (<i>p</i> = 0.437) but significant in the middle (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and apical (<i>p</i> < 0.001) thirds, with Technique B providing the best apical adaptation. <b>Conclusions</b>: The impression method significantly affected inlay adaptation. A light-body rubber impression digitized with an intraoral scanner yielded the best overall and apical fit, supporting digital workflows, particularly those using digitized physical impressions, for apexification. Adaptation deteriorated toward the apex regardless of technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13606010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical and Surface Characterization of Nickel-Containing Orthodontic Archwires Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions.","authors":"Angelina Stoyanova-Ivanova, Velizar Georgiev, Petar Lilov, Todor Vlakhov, Laura Andreeva, Valeri Petrov, Mirela Georgieva, Jorge N R Martins","doi":"10.3390/dj14090567","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the corrosion behavior and surface characteristics of four nickel-containing orthodontic archwires (stainless steel (SS), superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi), copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi), and multiforce NiTi) under unused, in vitro artificial saliva-immersed, and clinically used (in vivo) conditions. <b>Methods:</b> Rectangular SS, NiTi, CuNiTi, and multiforce NiTi archwires were analyzed in the following three conditions: as received, after one week of immersion in artificial saliva (pH 6.4), and after clinical use for 6-8 weeks. Corrosion behavior was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), open-circuit voltammetry (OCV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <b>Results:</b> Corrosion behavior was dependent on archwire type and exposure condition. SS archwires exhibited reduced impedance response after clinical use, indicating passive-film degradation. In the clinically used NiTi specimen, pronounced electrochemical instability was observed, characterized by a deep OCV transient, slow repassivation, and SEM evidence compatible with localized pitting corrosion. In the CuNiTi specimens, minimal differences were observed between the unused and clinically used conditions, which may be consistent with stable passive-film integrity in these specimens. In the multiforce specimen, clinical use was associated with a higher impedance response than the unused and saliva-immersed conditions of that same specimen. In the saliva-immersed specimens, possible passive-film formation and a higher impedance response were observed relative to the other conditions of the same specimens, but these did not reproduce the electrochemical and morphological changes observed after clinical use. <b>Conclusions:</b> In vitro artificial saliva immersion does not reliably replicate in vivo aging of nickel-containing orthodontic archwires. Corrosion behavior evolves during clinical service in an archwire-specific manner, with NiTi archwires showing susceptibility to clinically induced surface degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}