Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Corticotomy and Piezocision on Canine Retraction: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Erica Lipani, Elisa Pisani, Mariagrazia Verrone, Federica Bitonto, Alessio Verdecchia, Enrico Spinas","doi":"10.3390/dj13020057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In order to reduce the prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment, several surgical techniques have been proposed over the years. Corticotomy and piezocision are the two most widely used techniques, and, given the lack of consensus in the literature, along with the renewed interest in these approaches in recent years, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate their effectiveness in accelerating canine retraction in patients requiring extraction of the upper first premolar and, as a secondary objective, to assess if there is a worsening of periodontal health and how the surgical approach is perceived by the patient. <b>Methods:</b> An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to 30 November 2024. The PRISMA statement was adopted for the realization of the review, and the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2) was used to assess the studies' quality. <b>Results:</b> After full text assessment, fifteen randomized clinical trials (14 split mouth design, 1 single-blind, single-center design) covering 326 patients (mean age 20, 19 years) were included. The data collected reveal that corticotomy accelerates canine retraction by 1.5 to 4 times, while piezocision achieves retraction 1.5 to 2 times faster, making corticotomy the most effective technique. No statistically significant adverse effects on periodontal ligament, molar anchorage loss, or root resorption were observed following the two surgical techniques. In addition, patients reported experiencing mild to moderate pain. <b>Conclusions:</b> Corticotomy and piezocision are effective techniques for accelerating upper canine retraction in extraction cases, significantly reducing the overall duration of orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric Evaluation of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Dense PTFE (d-PTFE) Membranes Intentionally Exposed to the Oral Cavity After Immediate Implant Placement-A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ulisses R C Dayube, Thabet Asbi, Marcio Formiga, Eduardo Groisman, João Paulo Bortoli, Fernando G Lima, Yaniv Mayer, Doron Haim, Isabelle Meinster, Eran Gabay, Jamil A Shibli","doi":"10.3390/dj13020058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tooth loss causes alveolar bone resorption, which may hinder the ability of implant placement. Socket preservation with immediate implant placement is one of the methods used to reduce bone resorption. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the influence of the use of dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes on alveolar preservation after tooth extraction and with the installation of immediate dental implants. <b>Methods:</b> In this retrospective study, one hundred and four patients were divided into two groups: immediate implant and gap filling with heterogenous bone graft (control group, 52 patients) or immediate implant, gap filling with heterogenous bone graft, and covering with a d-PTFE membrane with dimensions of 12 × 24 mm, which was intentionally left exposed to the oral cavity (test group, 52 patients). Tomographic data were obtained before and 12 months after the surgical procedures. <b>Results:</b> The membranes exposed in the oral cavity showed no infection. Volumetric analyses revealed a statistically significant difference in alveolar ridge resorption for the control and d-PTFE groups, 16.75% and 4.55%, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Intentionally exposed d-PTFE membranes showed minimal complications. Based on the volumetric results, alveolar ridge preservation with d-PTFE membranes was superior to the bone graft alone in immediate implant placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summed Tissue Resistance of Periodontal Ligaments and Alveolar Bone in Orthodontic Distal Retraction of Maxillary Canines: Mathematical Simulation of Clinical Data and Interpretation of Results.","authors":"Olimpia Bunta, Vlad Muresan, Dana Festila, Mihaela Baciut","doi":"10.3390/dj13020055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The mechanical properties of either alveolar bone or periodontal ligaments under orthodontic loading, as well as orthodontic tooth movement, have been studied in recent years using computational approaches. In previous studies, we developed a theoretical mathematical approach that uses a weighting coefficient of the summed resistance of periodontal structures, namely the bone and periodontal ligaments, in relation to apex movement, the center of rotation, orthodontic force loading, and time in order to quantify the biological response to orthodontic biomechanics. <b>Methods</b>: We analyzed the distal retraction of three maxillary canines and integrated the clinical data obtained in the previously developed mathematical programs. <b>Results</b>: The values of the (σ) weighting coefficient of the tissue resistance were interpreted in the context of the clinical data obtained: the smaller the value of (σ), the higher the actual tissue resistance, with a greater difference between the crown and root movement; also, the higher the value of (σ), the lower the actual tissue resistance, with a small difference between the crown and apex movement. <b>Conclusions</b>: The clinical interpretation of the results allows us to set a premise for the refinement of the mathematical programs so that we can use them in assessing the orthodontic biomechanics of larger patient groups over longer periods of time and create premises of treatment protocol simplification and adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Analysis and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Croatian Version of the Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS).","authors":"Katarina Major Poljak, Ivana Barać, Ingrid Kovačević, Karla Rožac, Meri Reili, Robert Lovrić, Željko Mudri, Slavko Čandrlić, Marija Čandrlić","doi":"10.3390/dj13020056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> A person's values regarding oral health significantly shape their related behaviors and habits. Therefore, it is essential to systematically study this relationship and create reliable tools to assess perceptions of oral health values, which can inform evidence-based interventions and policy decisions. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the \"Oral Health Values Scale\" (OHVS) for use in the Croatian context. <b>Methods:</b> The process involved two key phases. First, an expert committee oversaw the translation to ensure consistency across all versions and produce a test-ready instrument. To identify any ambiguities in translation and test the instrument's reliability, a pilot study with 40 participants was conducted. Once the expert committee confirmed content validity, the finalized OHVS was administered to a sample of 702 Croatian adults to evaluate its psychometric properties. <b>Results:</b> Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure in the Croatian version, differing from the original four-factor model, with items from the \"Retaining Natural Teeth\" subscale distributed across two factors. Results demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.78) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.955-0.987, <i>p</i> < 0.01), confirming the instrument's reliability. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results confirm the OHVS-CRO as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing oral health values, offering valuable insights into the perspectives of Croatian populations. This validation study provides a foundation for future research, supports culturally tailored interventions, and highlights the potential for the OHVS to inform oral health research and policy development both locally and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and Ergonomic Effects of Three Prototypes of a Device to Reduce Aerosol Dispersion in Dental Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Camila N Baldasso, Ruy Teichert-Filho, Daniel R Marinowic, Maria M Campos, Maximiliano S Gomes","doi":"10.3390/dj13020054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the microbiological efficacy and the ergonomic impact of three prototypes of a device to reduce aerosol dispersion during dental procedures. <b>Methods</b>: Sixty patients undergoing dental care using high-speed turbines and/or ultrasonic tips were randomly assigned to 4 groups (<i>n</i> = 15): CG: control group, with standard personal protective equipment (PPE); G1: PPE + acrylic device (AD) with aspiration; G2: PPE + AD without aspiration; and G3: PPE + polyvinyl chloride device. The device prototypes consisted of a rigid translucent acrylic structure (G1 and G2), or a rigid PVC tube structure surrounded by layers of translucent flexible PVC films (G3), adjusted to the dental chair, involving the patient's head, neck and chest. The main outcome was the microbiological analysis (mean Δ of CFU at 10 different sites), and the secondary outcome was the ergonomic evaluation (questionnaire to dentists and patients). <b>Results</b>: The final sample comprised 59 participants (mean age 38.6 ± 11.4 years, 55.2% male). The overall mean time for dental procedures was 32.4 ± 16.9 min, with no differences between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.348). Microbiological analyses showed that the use of the device significantly reduced contamination in the light reflector (01.46 ± 4.43 ΔCFU in G2 vs. 19.25 ± 36.50 ΔCFU in CG; <i>p</i> = 0.028), apron (09.11 ± 12.05 ΔCFU in G3 vs. 21.14 ± 43.41 ΔCFU in GC; <i>p</i> = 0.044), and face shield (08.80 ± 32.70 ΔCFU in G1 vs. 56.78 ± 76.64 ΔCFU in the GC; <i>p</i> = 0.017). The device was well accepted by patients and increased the dentists' perception of safety and protection (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but significantly decreased ergonomics related to the clinical view, space, agility and access to the patient, and ease of performing procedures (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: The tested device can be an additional tool for infection prevention and control in dentistry, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for the control of future infectious diseases and epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Esthetic Technique for Restoring Dental Implant Access Holes: A Case Report.","authors":"Keisuke Seki, Koji Shiratsuchi, Arata Toki, Atsushi Kamimoto, Yoshiyuki Hagiwara","doi":"10.3390/dj13020053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> For dental implant treatment to be successful, esthetics, functionality, and cleanability are all required of the superstructure, which is the final prosthesis. Screw fixation and cementation have been the conventional methods of choice for the crown prosthesis of implants, but these individual methods cannot fulfill all the requirements. <b>Methods:</b> As a solution to this problem, we have devised a new implant superstructure restoration method called the inlay covering esthetic technique, which uses computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing inlays. <b>Results:</b> It involves the placement of an inlay covering the access hole in a highly translucent partially stabilized zirconia crown. <b>Conclusions:</b> This technique, demonstrated in this clinical case study, expands the indications for implant treatment and improves the oral quality of life of patients. This case report describes a novel esthetic technique for restoring dental implant access holes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early Exposure Rate and Vertical Bone Gain of Titanium Mesh for Maxillary Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Felice Lorusso, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Iris Alla, Sergio Rexhep Tari, Antonio Scarano","doi":"10.3390/dj13020052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The use of titanium meshes in bone regeneration is a clinical procedure that regenerates bone defects by ensuring graft stability and biocompatibility. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of titanium mesh procedures in terms of vertical bone gain and the exposure rate. <b>Methods:</b> The product screening and eligibility analysis were performed using the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar electronic databases by two authors. The selected articles were classified based on the study design, regenerative technique, tested groups and materials, sample size, clinical findings, and follow-up. A risk of bias calculation was conducted on the selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials and a series of pairwise meta-analysis calculations were performed for the vertical bone gain (VBG) and exposure rate. A significantly lower exposure rate was observed using coronally advanced lingual flaps (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference was observed between the titanium mesh and GBR techniques in terms of VBG (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Results:</b> The initial search output 288 articles, and 164 papers were excluded after the eligibility analysis. The descriptive synthesis considered a total of 97 papers and 6 articles were considered for the pairwise comparison. <b>Conclusions:</b> Within the limits of the present investigation, the titanium mesh procedure reported high VBG values after the healing period. The mesh exposure rate was drastically lower with passive management of the surgical flap.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Specific Anatomical Variations in Premolar Root Canal Systems: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Jamaican and Portuguese Subpopulations.","authors":"Jorge N R Martins, Sriteja Tummala, Sasidhar Nallapati, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês, Marco A Versiani","doi":"10.3390/dj13020050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The morphology of roots and root canals has a significant influence on the outcome of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare premolar root and root canal configurations between Central American and European subpopulations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed CBCT scans of 2919 premolars from 561 patients: 197 from Jamaica (Central America) and 364 from Portugal (Europe). The analysis focused on the number of roots, root canal configurations, and the presence of C-shaped canals in mandibular premolars. Demographic factors such as age and sex were also considered. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square tests with a significance level set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> Overall, premolars in Jamaican patients had more roots and root canals compared to those in Portuguese patients. Three-rooted configurations were more common in Jamaica, particularly in maxillary first premolars (5.5% vs. 2.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Vertucci Type V configuration was more prevalent in the Central American subgroup, while Portuguese premolars were more likely to exhibit Types II and IV configurations. C-shaped canals were rare in both populations (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Males and younger patients showed higher frequencies of multi-root and multi-canal configurations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> This study reveals significant geographic and demographic differences in premolar root and root canal morphology between two Central American and European subpopulations. Premolars from Jamaica tend to exhibit more complex anatomical features compared to those from Portugal. These findings highlight the need for population-specific diagnostic and treatment strategies and demonstrate the value of CBCT in the preoperative diagnosis of complex anatomical variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Virtual Reality in Preclinical Pediatric Dentistry Learning: A Comparison Between Simodont^® and Conventional Methods.","authors":"Antonia M Caleya, Andrea Martín-Vacas, María Rosa Mourelle-Martínez, Manuel Joaquín de Nova-Garcia, Nuria E Gallardo-López","doi":"10.3390/dj13020051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Preclinical training in pediatric dentistry is traditionally performed on acrylic primary teeth or natural extracted teeth in phantoms or dental manikins. With technological advancements, virtual simulation has become increasingly common, enhancing the development of cognitive and motor skills in dental students while complementing traditional methods. Specific objectives included assessing whether preclinical theoretical knowledge impacts motor skill scores, comparing the quality of dental preparations on acrylic teeth versus those performed using virtual simulation (Simodont^®) and evaluating students' perceptions of Simodont^® use. <b>Methods:</b> An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Students first completed a theoretical knowledge survey on dental preparations, class II caries, and pulpotomies. They then performed dental preparations on both acrylic primary teeth and the Simodont^® simulator, with their work assessed by a pediatric dentistry professor. Finally, students completed a perception survey regarding their experience. <b>Results:</b> The introduction of the Simodont^® was positively received. Theoretical knowledge prior to preclinical exercises did not significantly influence practice scores. Average scores for preparations on acrylic teeth (class II: 2.57; pulpotomy: 3.60) were higher than those achieved using Simodont^® (class II: 1.97; pulpotomy: 2.92). <b>Conclusions</b>: Dental preparation scores were higher on acrylic teeth compared to the virtual simulation. While students reported a positive experience with Simodont^®, they expressed a preference for traditional learning methods involving acrylic teeth on phantoms or dental manikins.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Debris Removal from NiTi Rotary Endodontic Instruments After Different Cleaning Procedures.","authors":"Luigi Generali, Paolo Generali, Pio Bertani, Francesco Cavani, Vittorio Checchi, Tommaso Filippini, Federica Veneri","doi":"10.3390/dj13020049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj13020049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Endodontic instruments require thorough decontamination and sterilization before use and reuse to ensure the safety and success of treatments. However, standardized protocols are lacking. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of different cleaning protocols in removing debris from NiTi rotary file surfaces. <b>Methods:</b> Forty-eight new Mtwo NiTi rotary instruments (sizes 10/.04, 15/.05, 20/.06, and 25/.06) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12). A set of new sterile instruments (Group I) served as the negative control. After usage for primary endodontic treatment, instruments underwent different cleaning protocols: steam sterilization without cleaning (Group II); ultrasonic cleaning + steam sterilization (Group III); and manual cleaning with a scouring sponge + ultrasonic cleaning + steam sterilization (Group IV). Back-scattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the apical, middle, and coronal sections were processed using Fiji software (version 2.14.0) to quantify debris as a percentage of the total selected area. <b>Results:</b> No significant differences were found among the three sections within each group, although higher debris amounts were observed from coronal to apical in Groups I and II. Group I had the least debris, while Group II showed the most, with statistically significant differences compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Groups III and IV, though Group IV showed notably less debris. <b>Conclusions:</b> The combination of mechanical, chemical, and ultrasonic cleaning proved most effective at removing debris from endodontic instruments. Current cleaning methods, however, remain insufficient for complete debris removal, highlighting the need for further research to standardize and improve cleaning and sterilization protocols or preferably use single-use/single-patient instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}