Dentistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Silica-Based Abrasive Ingredients on Fluoride Concentration in Toothpaste: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.","authors":"Shuma Hamaguchi, Tatsuya Akitomo, Masashi Ogawa, Satoru Kusaka, Ryota Nomura","doi":"10.3390/dj14090584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Toothpastes have recently been developed with purposes ranging from strengthening teeth and restoring periodontal tissue to removing stains and alleviating tooth sensitivity. Although the individual effects of each component are well understood, their interactions with each other remain unclear. <b>Methods</b>: The oral fluoride concentration following the use of dentifrices with different abrasive contents was evaluated in seven healthy adults. In addition, in in vitro apatite pellet experiments, fluoride concentration from the pellets was compared after the use of dentifrices with different abrasive contents. <b>Results</b>: A comparison of fluoride ion concentrations in the oral cavity after using five different types of toothpaste showed that toothpaste without abrasive ingredients retained the highest concentration at all time points from 5 min onward. When the concentration of abrasive ingredients was adjusted in the same toothpaste and compared, the toothpaste with no abrasive (0%) resulted in the highest fluoride concentration compared to all the other toothpastes (10%, 20%, 30%) at 10, 20 and 30 min. The concentration of fluoride released from apatite pellets was also highest in the toothpaste without abrasive ingredients. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that abrasive ingredients affect the concentration of fluoride in the oral cavity, and the effect may be particularly pronounced in hard tissues such as teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Surface Morphology and Roughness of Dental Implant Platform and Abutment.","authors":"Teodora Filipova, Stefan Peev, Stanislav Mitkov","doi":"10.3390/dj14090585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study investigated the surface morphology and roughness of the dental implant platform and abutment at their junction interface, comparing parameters before and after mechanical assembly (screwing). <b>Methods</b>: The experimental specimens comprised 40 implants from the TBR, Bone Level M System (TBR, France) with a diameter of 4.7 mm and a length of 10 mm, and 40 matching abutments from the same system (Titanium Standard Abutment, TBR, France) with a diameter of 4 mm and a gingival height of 3 mm. All components were fabricated from Grade 4 titanium. The implants and abutments were divided into two equal groups. In the first group (control), 20 implants and 20 abutments remained unassembled. In the second group, 20 implants were coupled with 20 abutments and tightened to the manufacturer-recommended torque. To achieve this, the implants were stabilized with pliers to prevent rotation, and the abutments were screwed using a screwdriver and a torque wrench at 30 N.cm. Subsequently, the abutments were unscrewed counterclockwise. Surface evaluations were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface modeling. <b>Results</b>: The obtained results demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the parameters reflecting the roughness of the implant platform. Based on the analysis, a pronounced decrease in the average roughness (Ra, Rq) of the abutment was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, it was established that the implant platform exhibits nearly twice the surface roughness of the abutment even in its baseline state. <b>Conclusions</b>: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, a single tightening and removal procedure was associated with measurable changes in the roughness parameters and surface morphology of the implant platform and abutment. These findings indicate microtopographic adaptation at the conical interface under the tested conditions; however, biomechanical reliability and resistance to bacterial micro-leakage were not evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Thermographic Evaluation of Exothermic Temperature Changes During the Setting Reaction of Six Dental Impression Gypsums: An In Vitro Linear Regression Model.","authors":"Franco Mauricio, Cesar Mauricio-Vilchez, Luzmila Vilchez, Mesias Rojas, Diego Galarza-Valencia, Fran Espinoza-Carhuancho, Frank Mayta-Tovalino","doi":"10.3390/dj14090582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate surface temperature changes during the setting reaction of six dental gypsums using infrared thermography. <b>Methods:</b> This experimental in vitro study evaluated six dental gypsum materials randomly allocated into six groups: three Type IV materials (Elite Rock, Dürum, and Velmix) and three Type III materials (Elite Model, Pentadur, and Duromix). Specimens were manually mixed for a few minutes using a gypsum spatula and a rubber mixing bowl and subsequently formed in triangular stainless-steel molds with a 2 cm base and 2 cm equal sides. Thermographic evaluation was performed using a Fluke TiS55+ infrared camera. Surface temperature measurements were recorded for each specimen at baseline and at 10 and 25 min. <b>Results:</b> Distinct thermal profiles were observed among the dental gypsum materials. Compared with the baseline, Type IV dental gypsum showed an increase in temperature of 1.05 °C at 10 min (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-1.87; <i>p</i> = 0.012) and 2.46 °C at 25 min (95% CI: 1.64-3.28; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared with Elite Rock, the reference material, Dürum and Velmix showed significantly lower temperatures, with differences between -2.94 °C and -2.47 °C, respectively (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Type III dental gypsum showed an increase in temperature of 6.16 °C at 10 min (95% CI: 5.50-6.82; <i>p</i> < 0.001), followed by an increase of 1.76 °C at 25 min (95% CI: 1.10-2.42; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Type III dental gypsums exhibited marked early increases in temperature, whereas Type IV dental gypsums showed more gradual and material-specific thermal patterns. These findings demonstrate differences in the thermal behavior of the evaluated dental gypsum materials during the setting reaction and support further investigation into the relationship between thermal behavior and other physicochemical properties, including dimensional stability and material performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Metal Primer Application on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets with Different Base Designs: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Abdeen Shaker, Selim Arici","doi":"10.3390/dj14090581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets is standard in fixed-appliance therapy, but clinical success depends on achieving reliable bond strength without compromising enamel integrity during debonding. This in vitro study evaluated whether applying a metal primer to stainless-steel bracket bases affects shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel, and whether primer coverage and bracket-base design influence adhesive-remnant distribution and enamel integrity. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 132 extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 22 each) defined by bracket base design (mesh or integral) and primer coverage (none, full, or partial central coverage). Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT, and Reliance Metal Primer was applied according to group allocation. After 2000 thermal cycles (5-55 °C), specimens were debonded in shear at 1 mm/min. SBS was calculated, adhesive remnants were quantified with ImageJ and scored using the adhesive remnant index (ARI), and enamel damage was assessed using an enamel damage index (EDI). <b>Results:</b> Mean SBS values were 15.68 MPa (MC), 18.38 MPa (MF), 20.89 MPa (MP), 13.04 MPa (IC), 17.11 MPa (IF), and 12.66 MPa (IP). Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of bracket base design (F(1, 126) = 16.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001, partial η² = 0.113) and primer coverage (F(2, 126) = 3.98, <i>p</i> = 0.021, partial η² = 0.059), together with a significant bracket-base-design × primer-coverage interaction (F(2, 126) = 4.46, <i>p</i> = 0.014, partial η² = 0.066). ARI distributions differed significantly across the six experimental groups (χ²(15) = 75.24, <i>p</i> < 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.436), whereas EDI scores did not differ significantly among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.756). <b>Conclusions:</b> The effect of the metal primer on SBS depended on bracket base design and primer coverage. Partial coverage produced the highest SBS among mesh-base brackets and was significantly higher than the mesh control. Among integral-base brackets, full coverage yielded the highest numerical SBS, but within-design pairwise differences were not significant. ARI failure patterns also varied significantly across the six experimental groups, whereas no significant difference in stereomicroscopically detectable enamel damage was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Manual, Electric, and Sonic Toothbrushing on Composite Restoration Surface Properties and Retention in Primary Teeth.","authors":"Francesco Saverio Ludovichetti, Simone Smania, Ernesto Comitale, Marco Rossi, Gabriel Leonardo Magrin, Edoardo Stellini, Sergio Mazzoleni","doi":"10.3390/dj14090583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The longevity of composite restorations in primary teeth depends on the preservation of both mechanical performance and surface integrity under daily oral hygiene procedures. While powered toothbrushes have been widely investigated for plaque control, their potential effects on restorative materials in the primary dentition remain insufficiently characterized. This preliminary in vitro study evaluated the influence of manual, oscillating-rotating electric, and sonic toothbrushing on the surface microhardness, surface roughness, and shear resistance of resin composite restorations in primary teeth. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty extracted non-carious primary teeth were standardized, cavity-prepared, and restored using a self-etch adhesive system and a resin composite material. Specimens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) according to brushing modality: manual, electric, or sonic. After a standardized 60 min brushing simulation under controlled conditions, surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, surface roughness was assessed with contact profilometry, and restoration retention was evaluated as maximum load at failure under shear-type mechanical loading. Surface morphology was further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. <b>Results:</b> No statistically significant differences were observed among groups in surface microhardness (<i>p</i> = 0.606) or maximum dislodgement load (<i>p</i> = 0.806). In contrast, surface roughness differed significantly according to toothbrush type (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the highest Ra values recorded in the sonic group. Scanning electron microscopy corroborated these findings, showing progressively greater surface irregularities, porosities, and microdefects from manual to sonic brushing. Under the present in vitro conditions, the sonic toothbrush group showed the highest final surface roughness values, whereas no significant differences were observed in microhardness or restoration retention. <b>Conclusions:</b> Under the present short-term in vitro conditions, the sonic toothbrush group showed higher final surface roughness values than the manual and electric groups, while no significant differences were observed in microhardness or restoration retention. These results are limited to the specific toothbrush systems tested and these findings should be interpreted as preliminary in vitro results from an exploratory sample with limited statistical power.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct, Indirect, and Intangible Costs in the Management of Dental Caries in Children Under 18: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Darja Gostilo, Xenia Teplitzky, Blend Hamza, Georgios Tsilingaridis, Sivaprakash Rajasekharan, Līna Petrova, Megija Florentine, Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil","doi":"10.3390/dj14090578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090578","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives&lt;/b&gt;: Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children worldwide and continues to pose a substantial challenge to healthcare systems. Although the clinical consequences of paediatric dental caries are well documented, the associated economic burden has not been comprehensively synthesised. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and summarise the available evidence regarding the costs associated with dental caries in children and adolescents under 18 years of age. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251138979). MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost) were searched for studies published between January 2012 and July 2025. The MEDLINE and Scopus searches were conducted on 22 July 2025, and an additional search of Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost) was conducted on 19 August 2026. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed cost-of-illness studies, economic evaluations, cost analyses, cross-sectional studies, retrospective studies, and randomised controlled trials reporting economic outcomes related to the prevention or management of dental caries in individuals under 18 years of age. Methodological quality was assessed using the Drummond 10-item checklist. Data were extracted on study characteristics, population demographics, cost components, study perspective, and key findings. Reported costs were categorised as direct, indirect, and intangible costs where applicable. Due to substantial methodological heterogeneity among studies, a narrative synthesis was performed. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on direct medical costs associated with restorative treatment, hospital-based dental care, and emergency services. Direct costs were consistently substantial across different healthcare settings, particularly for cases requiring advanced treatment or general anaesthesia. Preventive interventions were generally reported to be more cost-effective than curative approaches. Indirect costs, including caregiver productivity losses, were infrequently assessed, while no study comprehensively evaluated intangible costs. Considerable variation in study design, costing perspective, and reporting methodology limited direct comparison across studies. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: Dental caries in individuals under 18 years of age imposes a considerable economic burden, driven primarily by direct treatment costs. Preventive oral health strategies appear to provide greater economic value than treatment-focused approaches. The limited assessment of indirect and intangible costs suggests that the overall societal burden of paediatric dental caries is likely underestimated. Future research should adopt standardised and comprehensive costing methodologies to better support policy development and resource allocation in paediatric oral hea","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Medico-Legal Preparedness in Dental Education: Training Gaps, Defensive Practice and Curriculum Implications Among Romanian Dental Students and Dentists.","authors":"Larisa Pătru, Ciprian Laurențiu Pătru, Elena Cristina Andrei, Oana Andreea Diaconu, Maria Cristina Comănescu, Daniela-Maria Micu, Virginia Maria Rădulescu","doi":"10.3390/dj14090579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Medico-legal preparedness is relevant throughout dental education because awareness develops before independent clinical responsibility is assumed. This study examined malpractice awareness, self-perceived preparedness, legal awareness and defensive-practice tendencies among Romanian dental students, residents and dentists. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2026 among 176 participants from the Faculty of Dentistry and its associated professional community in Craiova, Romania. The author-developed questionnaire was completed online (n = 134) or on paper at a professional conference (n = 42). Associations were assessed using non-parametric tests, ordinal logistic regression and robust linear regression. A sensitivity analysis excluded early-year students. <b>Results:</b> Respondents demonstrated moderate legal awareness (mean 3.29 of 5), whilst only 8.0% felt well or very well prepared to manage a malpractice-related situation. In the main model, previous legal training was associated with greater preparedness (adjusted odds ratio 2.52, 95% CI 1.03-6.15), as were resident status and professional clinical experience. In the clinically exposed subgroup (n = 68), practising dentists reported greater preparedness than clinical-year students, whereas familiarity with malpractice and paper-based participation were associated with stronger defensive-practice tendencies. <b>Conclusions:</b> Awareness of medico-legal issues is present across dental education, but perceived preparedness remains limited. The findings support longitudinal, applied medico-legal education and require cautious interpretation because early-year and clinically experienced respondents evaluated partly different aspects of the same phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Comparison of Bone and Dental Morphology Between Invisalign^® Integrated CBCT Images and Conventional CBCT Images.","authors":"Hind W Albilali, Abdulaziz S Alamri, Suliman Y Shahin, Naif N Almasoud, Osama A Alsulaiman, Dalal M Almazrou, Ahmed A Alsulaiman","doi":"10.3390/dj14090580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> A recent feature in the Invisalign^® system allowed integration of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with intraoral scans, thereby enabling visualization of the tooth roots and surrounding alveolar bone. Here, we aimed to compare differences between anatomical measurements obtained from integrated CBCT using Invisalign^® software and conventional CBCT images. <b>Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, we included 45 adult patients (mean age 29.53 ± 7.66 years). Alveolar bone width was measured at the crestal, mid-root, and apical levels and the root length, maxillary and mandibular outer and inner transverse widths, and symphyseal width were assessed. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Paired t-tests were used to compare the two methods, and Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate agreement. <b>Results:</b> Intra-examiner reliability demonstrated excellent agreement for all measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.90). Integrated CBCT models showed greater alveolar bone width, symphyseal width, and interbuccal transverse measurements than conventional CBCT, whereas the root length and interlingual transverse widths were underestimated. Most of the differences between the two methods were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05), although 5 of the 12 crestal measurements did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). For most measurements, the mean absolute differences were below 0.7 mm, except for root length, which showed larger discrepancies. Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between the methods, with most observations lying within the 95% limits of agreement and no evident proportional bias. <b>Conclusions:</b> Most measured variables showed significant differences between integrated and conventional CBCT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), ranging from 0.7 mm to 1.3 mm; however, at the crestal level, 5/12 measurements showed no statistically significant difference between methods (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoforming Aligners and Direct-Printed Aligners: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Pritam Mohanty, Saundarya Priyadarshini, Debapreeti Mohanty, Margherita Tumedei, Massimo Del Fabbro, Parameswaran Tirunelveli Mani, Partha Pratim Chaudhary, Balaji Krishnan, Monalisa Das, Bhagabati Prasad Dash, Bhabani Shankar Biswal, Funda Goker, Saurav Panda","doi":"10.3390/dj14090577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This systematic review aims to compare the forces and moments generated by thermoforming aligners and direct-printed aligners in guiding tooth movement in orthodontic patients, evaluating their impact on orthodontic outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering studies on thermoforming and direct-printed aligners from inception to October 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies assessing forces and moments generated by these aligners on teeth. In vitro studies pertinent to the topic were also considered. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, aligner details, force and moment measurements, and clinical outcomes. Quality assessment utilized the ROBINS- I for Risk of Bias. The review has been registered on PROSPERO CRD42024620341. <b>Results:</b> A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that thermoforming aligners, while effective in initial force application, exhibit significant force decay over time due to material stress relaxation. In contrast, direct-printed aligners maintain more consistent force levels, potentially resulting in more predictable and sustained tooth movement. Both aligner types vary in their ability to control force direction and magnitude, with direct-printed aligners showing advantages in customization and force retention. <b>Conclusions:</b> The biomechanical properties of thermoforming and direct-printed aligners offer distinct advantages and limitations. Direct-printed aligners may enhance clinical predictability and reduce treatment time through consistent force application, though further research is necessary to validate these benefits in clinical settings. This review underscores the importance of material selection and fabrication method in optimizing orthodontic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Provide Additional Benefit to Periodontal Infrabony Defect Topography Assessment? A Multi-Centre Case-Based Questionnaire.","authors":"Nicholas David Sung, Tiffany See Nok Chen, Melissa Rachel Fok, Mihai Tarce, Jasmine Loke, Luigi Nibali, Ana Castro, Georgios Pelekos","doi":"10.3390/dj14090576","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dj14090576","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; The objectives of this study were to investigate whether cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides additional benefit in assessing periodontal infrabony defect topography, and whether assessment accuracy differed between clinicians in periodontology with different levels of experience. &lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; A comprehensive assessment of the periodontal condition usually comprises clinical periodontal examination and two-dimensional radiographic evaluation. Whilst periapical radiographs are the most frequently employed for radiographic assessment of periodontal bone loss, they have some limitations in assessing infrabony defects. As a result, CBCT has been gaining attention recently as an adjunctive periodontal diagnostic modality that can overcome these limitations. It is well established that the use of CBCT for periodontal diagnosis is not routine and should only be reserved for judicious case selection in accordance with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle. Given these considerations, studies evaluating whether CBCT provides any additional benefit in the assessment of periodontal infrabony defects remain limited, and no formal guidelines currently exist regarding its role or implementation in postgraduate periodontal education. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-six participants (26 residents and 20 specialists in periodontology) from three European Federation of Periodontology (EFP)-accredited centres were invited: King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom; KU Leuven, Belgium; and The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR, China. The participants were required to complete two case-based questionnaires on infrabony defect assessment, with a two-week washout period in between. Eight complex cases were presented, once with periodontal charting and periapical radiography (Questionnaire S1), and once with CBCT images in addition to the conventional data (Questionnaire S2). For all eight cases, an HKU panel performed reference-standard intra-surgical or CBCT measurements against which the participants' answers were scored. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty participants returned the questionnaires (25 residents and 15 specialists). The response rate was, therefore, 87.0%. Participants assessed the infrabony defects more accurately in Questionnaire S2 compared with Questionnaire S1 (the mean scores [%] were 69.8 ± 11.9 and 63.5 ± 11.8 respectively); the mean difference was statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). When comparing residents and specialists, the mean difference in scores (%) was 0.5 (95% CI: -7.4-8.5) for Questionnaire S1 and -2.5 (95% CI: -10.4-5.5) for Questionnaire S2, with neither difference reaching statistical significance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). However, a larger study is required to draw more definitive conclusions about differences between clinician groups. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; CBCT, adjunctive to conventional periodontal diagnostics, provided statistically significant additional benefit in assessing i","PeriodicalId":11269,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry Journal","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13605316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}