Developmental Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of changes in the action potential morphology of the mouse sinoatrial node true pacemaker cells during ontogenetic development in vitro and in silico","authors":"Alexander Ryvkin,&nbsp;Arseniy Furman,&nbsp;Elena Lebedeva,&nbsp;Mikhail Gonotkov","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.701","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.701","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maturation of the mouse is accompanied by the increase in heart rate. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. We performed an action potentials (APs) recordings in mouse sinoatrial node (SAN) true pacemaker cells and in silico analysis to clarify the mechanisms underlying pre–postnatal period heart rate changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The APs of true pacemaker cells at different stages had similar configurations and <i>dV</i>/<i>dt</i>_max values. The cycle length, action potential duration (APD₉₀), maximal diastolic potential (MDP), and AP amplitude decreased, meanwhile the velocity of diastolic depolarization (DDR) increased from E12.5 stage to adult. Using a pharmacological approach we found that in SAN true pacemaker cells ivabradine reduces the DDR and the cycle length significantly stronger in E12.5 than in newborn and adult mice, whereas the effects of Ni²⁺ and nifedipine were significantly stronger in adult mice. Computer simulations further suggested that the density of the hyperpolarization–activated pacemaker сurrent (<i>I</i>_<i>f</i>) decreased during development, whereas transmembrane and intracellular Ca²⁺ flows increased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ontogenetic decrease in <i>I</i>_K1 density from E12.5 to adult leads to depolarization of MDP to the voltage range in which calcium currents are activated, thereby shifting the balance from the “membrane-clock” to the “calcium-clock.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 10","pages":"895-905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140068264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Diamond-Blackfan anemia like model in zebrafish","authors":"Yiming Ling,&nbsp;Jiaye Wu,&nbsp;Yushi Liu,&nbsp;Panpan Meng,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;Dejian Zhao,&nbsp;Qing Lin","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.703","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.703","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anemia is defined as a lack of erythrocytes, low hemoglobin levels, or abnormal erythrocyte morphology. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare and severe congenital hypoplastic anemia that occurs due to the dominant inheritance of a ribosomal protein gene mutation. Even rarer is a case described as Diamond-Blackfan anemia like (DBAL), which occurs due to a loss-of-function <i>EPO</i> mutation recessive inheritance. The effective cures for DBAL are bone marrow transfusion and treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). To effectively manage the condition, construction of DBAL models to identify new medical methods or screen drugs are necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, an <i>epoa</i>-deficient mutant zebrafish called <i>epoa</i>^<i>szy8</i> was generated to model DBAL. The <i>epoa</i>-deficiency in zebrafish caused developmental defects in erythroid cells, leading to severe congenital anemia. Using the DBAL model, we validated a loss-of-function <i>EPO</i> mutation using an in vivo functional analysis and explored the ability of ESAs to alleviate congenital anemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, our study demonstrated that <i>epoa</i> deficiency in zebrafish leads to a phenotype resembling DBAL. The DBAL zebrafish model was found to be beneficial for the in vivo assessment of patient-derived <i>EPO</i> variants with unclear implications and for devising potential therapeutic approaches for DBAL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 10","pages":"906-921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial highlights","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.700","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every organism is a model organism for understanding development, evolution, disease, and regeneration, and we have only begun to scratch the surface of the interdisciplinary genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms that regulate these biological processes. These “Highlights” denote exciting advances recently reported in &lt;i&gt;Developmental Dynamics&lt;/i&gt; that illustrate the complex dynamics of developmental biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cilia and Tracheoesophageal Separation “&lt;/b&gt;Primary cilia are critical for tracheoesophageal septation”, by Lindsey Fitzsimons, Evangelia Tasouri, Marc August Willaredt, Daniel Stetson, Christian Gojak, Joachim Kirsch, Humphrey Gardner, Karin Gorgas, and Kerry Tucker; &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 253:3, pp. 312–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.660.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Septation of the foregut during embryogenesis is critical for correct formation of the trachea and esophagus. Esophageal atresia, in which part of the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is missing, is the most common congenital malformation of the human foregut. But how is correct dorsoventral patterning and compartmentalization of the foregut endoderm controlled? Primary cilia are highly specialized sensory organelles that regulate cellular growth, development, and homeostasis, via signal transduction. Using the &lt;i&gt;cobblestone&lt;/i&gt; mutant mouse, which is hypomorphic for the intraflagellar transport protein, IFT88, this study reveals primary cilia are present in the anterior foregut and critical for foregut division. Despite correct endodermal dorsoventral specification, the reduction in cilia results in defective compartmentalization of the proximal foregut and the pathogenesis of proximal tracheoesophageal septation defects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Testis Formation&lt;/b&gt; “Direct diffusion of anti-Müllerian hormone from both the cranial and caudal regions of the testis during early gonadal development in mice” by Shiori Kato, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Nobusuke Okunishi, Hiroto Narita, Taisei Fujikawa, Yusuke Kirizuki, Youhei Mantani, Takanori Miki and Nobuhiko Hoshi; &lt;i&gt;DevDyn&lt;/i&gt; 253:3, pp. 296–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.662. The primordia of the male and female reproductive tracts are sexually dimorphic and derived the Wolffian duct and the Müllerian duct, respectively. However, the Müllerian duct also forms in males during early embryogenesis, but subsequently regresses due to the presence of anti-Müllerian hormone, which is secreted from the testes. However, the mechanism underlying AMH infiltration remained unresolved. In this study, organ culture in combination with tissue excision revealed that physiological concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone infiltrate the mesonephros from both the cranial and caudal testes, which is important for middle Müllerian duct regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Skeletal Development&lt;/b&gt; “Development of the vertebra and fin skeleton in the lamprey and its implications for the homology of vertebrate vertebrae” by Hirofumi Kariyayama, Natalia Gogoleva, Keish","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 3","pages":"282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requirement of a novel gene, drish, in the zebrafish retinal ganglion cell and primary motor axon development","authors":"Suman Gurung,&nbsp;Nicole K. Restrepo,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar Anand,&nbsp;Vinoth Sittaramane,&nbsp;Saulius Sumanas","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.694","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.694","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During neurogenesis, growing axons must navigate through the complex extracellular environment and make correct synaptic connections for the proper functioning of neural circuits. The mechanisms underlying the formation of functional neural networks are still only partially understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we analyzed the role of a novel gene <i>si:ch73-364h19.1/drish</i> in the neural and vascular development of zebrafish embryos. We show that <i>drish</i> mRNA is expressed broadly and dynamically in multiple cell types including neural, glial, retinal progenitor and vascular endothelial cells throughout the early stages of embryonic development. To study Drish function during embryogenesis, we generated <i>drish</i> genetic mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. <i>drish</i> loss-of-function mutant larvae displayed defects in early retinal ganglion cell, optic nerve and the retinal inner nuclear layer formation, as well as ectopic motor axon branching. In addition, <i>drish</i> mutant adults exhibited deficient retinal outer nuclear layer and showed defective light response and locomotory behavior. However, vascular patterning and blood circulation were not significantly affected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, these data demonstrate important roles of zebrafish <i>drish</i> in the retinal ganglion cell, optic nerve and interneuron development and in spinal motor axon branching.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 8","pages":"750-770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold storage and cryopreservation methods for spermatozoa of the sea urchins Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus","authors":"Victor D. Vacquier,&nbsp;Amro Hamdoun","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.691","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.691","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sea urchins have contributed greatly to knowledge of fertilization, embryogenesis, and cell biology. However, until now, they have not been genetic model organisms because of their long generation times and lack of tools for husbandry and gene manipulation. We recently established the sea urchin <i>Lytechinus pictus</i>, as a multigenerational model Echinoderm, because of its relatively short generation time of 4–6 months and ease of laboratory culture. To take full advantage of this new multigenerational species, methods are needed to biobank and share genetically modified <i>L</i>. <i>pictus</i> sperm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we describe a method, based on sperm ion physiology that maintains <i>L</i>. <i>pictus</i> and <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i> sperm fertilizable for at least 5–10 weeks when stored at 0°C. We also describe a new method to cryopreserve sperm of both species. Sperm of both species can be frozen and thawed at least twice and still give rise to larvae that undergo metamorphosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The simple methods we describe work well for both species, achieving &gt;90% embryo development and producing larvae that undergo metamorphosis to juvenile adults. We hope that these methods will be useful to others working on marine invertebrate sperm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 8","pages":"781-790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dwarf neon rainbowfish Melanotaenia praecox, a small spiny-rayed fish with potential as a new Acanthomorpha model fish: I. Fin ray ontogeny and postembryonic staging","authors":"Kazuhide Miyamoto,&nbsp;Gembu Abe,&nbsp;Koji Tamura","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.699","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.699","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fish fins with highly variable color patterns and morphologies have many functions. In Actinopterygii, the free parts of fins are supported by “soft rays” and “spiny rays.” Spiny rays have various functions and are extremely modified in some species, but they are lacking in popular model fish such as zebrafish and medaka. Additionally, some model fish with spiny rays are difficult to maintain in ordinary laboratory systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characteristics of the small, spiny-rayed rainbowfish <i>Melanotaenia praecox</i> render it useful as an experimental model species. Neither fish age nor body size correlate well with fin development during postembryonic development in this species. A four-stage developmental classification is proposed that is based on fin ray development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Melanotaenia praecox</i> is an ideal species to rear in laboratories for developmental studies. Our classification allows for postembryonic staging of this species independent of individual age and body size. Development of each fin ray may be synchronized with dorsal fin development. We discuss the differences in mechanisms regulating soft, spiny, and procurrent ray development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 9","pages":"829-845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dwarf neon rainbowfish Melanotaenia praecox, a small spiny-rayed fish with potential as a new Acanthomorpha model fish: II. Establishment of a microinjection procedure for genetic engineering","authors":"Kazuhide Miyamoto,&nbsp;Gembu Abe,&nbsp;Koichi Kawakami,&nbsp;Koji Tamura,&nbsp;Satoshi Ansai","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.698","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.698","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rainbowfish is a clade of colorful freshwater fish. <i>Melanotaenia praecox</i> is a small rainbowfish species with biological characteristics that make it potentially useful as an experimental model species. We anticipate that <i>M. praecox</i> could become a new model used in various fields, such as ecology, evolution, and developmental biology. However, few previous studies have described experimental set-ups needed to understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms within this species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe detailed procedures for genetic engineering in the rainbowfish <i>M. praecox</i>. By using these procedures, we successfully demonstrated CRISPR/Cas-mediated knockout and <i>Tol2</i> transposon-mediated transgenesis in this species. Regarding the CRISPR/Cas system, we disrupted the <i>tyrosinase</i> gene and then showed that injected embryos lacked pigmentation over much of their body. We also demonstrated that a <i>Tol2</i> construct, including a GFP gene driven by a ubiquitous promoter, was efficiently integrated into the genome of <i>M. praecox</i> embryos.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The establishment of procedures for genetic engineering in <i>M. praecox</i> enables investigation of the genetic mechanisms behind a broad range of biological phenomena in this species. Thus, we suggest that <i>M. praecox</i> can be used as a new model species in various experimental biology fields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 9","pages":"815-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial highlights","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.696","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.696","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every organism is a model organism for understanding development, evolution, disease, and regeneration, and we have only begun to scratch the surface of the interdisciplinary genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms that regulate these biological processes. These “Highlights” denote exciting advances recently reported in &lt;i&gt;Developmental Dynamics&lt;/i&gt; that illustrate the complex dynamics of developmental biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Xenopus Biology&lt;/b&gt;. “19th International Xenopus Conference Meeting Report: Latest Developments and Future Perspectives” by Coral Zhou and Saurabh Kulkarni, &lt;i&gt;Dev Dyn&lt;/i&gt; 253:2, pp. 272-276. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.693. The African clawed frog, &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt;, has been foundational for establishing key principles in developmental biology. This meeting report describes the latest advances in cell biology and differentiation, mechanobiology, evolution and regeneration, genomics and disease, as well as development of new tools, ensuring &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; will remain a cornerstone in diverse areas of biological research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neurobiology of Wound Healing and Regeneration&lt;/b&gt;. “Neural dependency in wound healing and regeneration” by Alexandra Noble, Rozana Qubrosi, Solsa Cariba, Kayla Favaro, and Samantha Payne, &lt;i&gt;Dev Dyn&lt;/i&gt; 253:2, pp. 181-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.650. Following injury, tissue repair may involve fibrosis and scarring, or regeneration and the restoration of normal architecture and function. In the animal kingdom, despite a bias for tissue repair rather than regeneration, a growing body of evidence supports the crucial role of innervation in tissue repair and regeneration. In fact, peripheral nerves are involved in almost all aspects, including re-epithelialization, extracellular matrix remodeling, blastema formation, and organ regeneration. This review evaluates the current state of our knowledge and understanding of the roles of peripheral nerves in various types of wound healing and regeneration, and the need to bridge the gap between basic findings and translational work. A combination of new tools, techniques, and data available to study nerve dependency has set the stage for novel discovery and advances in the neurobiology of wound healing and regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Skeletal Development&lt;/b&gt;. “Vertebral pattern and morphology is determined during embryonic segmentation” by Kevin Serra, Christina Vyzas, Sarah Shehreen, Iris Chipendo, Katherine Clifford, Daniel Youngstrom, and Stephen Devoto, &lt;i&gt;Dev Dyn&lt;/i&gt; 253:2, pp. 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.649. Vertebrates are named for the repeated pattern of segmented bones, vertebrae, that constitute their vertebral column, and the relationship between segmented vertebra and muscle in adults is well known. This spatial periodicity and organization is established by paired segments of paraxial mesoderm known as somites, during embryogenesis, and defects in embryonic segmentation result in disorders of the spine. This study rev","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 2","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Editorial: Thank you and Farewell to Dr. Gary C. Schoenwolf","authors":"Paul A. Trainor","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.697","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.697","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Many people become very good scientists, and make major contributions to our understanding of biology, or are excellent teachers that have a profound influence on educating generations of scientists. But rare is the individual who excels in both research and education disciplines. Dr Gary Schoenwolf is that rare individual and this month we say farewell and thank you to Dr Schoenwolf after a distinguished career, and take this opportunity to reflect upon his career, and his contributions to Developmental Dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Schoenwolf grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois and majored in Biology at the Elmhurst College. He did his PhD with Dr Ray Watterson at the University of Illinois, followed by post-doctoral training with Dr Robert Waterman University of New Mexico. With a primary interest in the intercellular and intracellular signaling and processes that generate pattern during vertebrate embryogenesis, Dr Schoenwolf's first publication, which was co-authored with Dr Ray Keller, explored the dynamics and importance of cell morphology, contact and rearrangement in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; laying the foundations for our understanding of gastrulation and convergence extension.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Dr Schoenwolf then went on the study axial elongation, neurulation and spinal cord development in chick embryos, while also establishing standard procedures for using chick embryos in experimental embryology and teratology.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Schoenwolf started his independent career in the Department of Anatomy, at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah and he remained at the University of Utah until his retirement in 2023. During that time, he continued to study early chick embryo patterning and development, and through a Fogarty Award, from the NIH was an advocate for time-lapse imaging of morphogenesis. In addition to lineage tracing and fate mapping, and analyses of cell behaviors, forces and tissue bending, Dr Schoenwolf was also interested in the function of the Node in mammalian and avian embryogenesis and demonstrated through ablation studies in mice&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and reconstitution studies in avians,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; that the Node or Organizer was evolutionarily both sufficient and required to establish a fully patterned body plan. Dr Schoenwolf subsequently integrated these classical developmental biology approaches with molecular biology techniques and discovered that cranial mesoderm initiated otic development&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and furthermore that FGF signaling in the mesoderm played an evolutionarily conserved role in initiating inner ear induction in chick and mouse embryos.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Dr Schoenwolf continued to study ear patterning and development and the roles of FGF and other signaling pathways throughout the remainder of his career.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recognition of his scientific accomplishments, Dr Schoenwolf was elected as a Fellow of the American Associatio","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 2","pages":"178-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The limb dorsoventral axis: Lmx1b's role in development, pathology, evolution, and regeneration","authors":"Alejandro Castilla-Ibeas,&nbsp;Sofía Zdral,&nbsp;Kerby C. Oberg,&nbsp;Marian A. Ros","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.695","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvdy.695","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The limb anatomy displays well-defined dorsal and ventral compartments, housing extensor, and flexor muscles, which play a crucial role in facilitating limb locomotion and manipulation. Despite its importance, the study of limb dorsoventral patterning has been relatively neglected compared to the other two axes leaving many crucial questions about the genes and developmental processes implicated unanswered. This review offers a thorough overview of the current understanding of limb dorsoventral patterning, synthesizing classical literature with recent research. It covers the specification of dorsal fate in the limb mesoderm and its subsequent translation into dorsal morphologies—a process directed by the transcription factor Lmx1b. We also discuss the potential role of dorsoventral patterning in the evolution of paired appendages and delve into the involvement of <i>LMX1B</i> in Nail-Patella syndrome, discussing the molecular and genetic aspects underlying this condition. Finally, the potential role of dorsoventral polarity in digit tip regeneration, a prominent instance of multi-tissue regeneration in mammals is also considered. We anticipate that this review will renew interest in a process that is critical to limb function and evolutionary adaptations but has nonetheless been overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":11247,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Dynamics","volume":"253 9","pages":"798-814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvdy.695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}